共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地下水中卤代烃类、苯系物、氯代苯类等20多种挥发性有机物的方法。对吹扫捕集条件、气相色谱条件和质谱条件进行优化,并对实际水样进行测定。方法检出限为0.03～0.28μg/L,基体加标回收率为88.8%～111.0%,精密度(RSD,n=7)为2.21%～5.31%。方法准确,灵敏可靠,可满足地下水中痕量挥发性有机物的分析要求。 相似文献
2.
建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱法测定重点行业企业用地地下水中60种挥发性有机物的分析方法.采用屈臣氏双蒸水作为空白水,选择离子与全扫描模式交替方式进行定性定量,确定了保护剂的种类和用量,优化了吹扫捕集条件.方法检出限范围在0.3~1.2μg/L.该方法的线性范围为0~250μg/L,相关系数 R2在0.9907~0.9999之间,3种不同浓度的加标平均回收率为87.2%~117%,相对标准偏差在1.7%~9.7%之间,优于《重点行业企业用地调查质量保证与质量控制技术规定(试行)》对地下水挥发性有机物的质控要求.本方法增加了VOCs的测试种类,线性范围宽,灵敏度高,适合于各类重点行业企业用地地下水中60种挥发性有机物的快速批量分析. 相似文献
3.
吹扫捕集浓缩仪-气相-质谱联用仪P＆TGC—MSTRACEDSQ是西安地质调查中心实验测试中心于2006年引进的。吹扫捕集浓缩仪作为一种前处理设备,主要处理那些需要由气相色谱（GC）或气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）进行挥发性有机物质（VOC）分析的样品。其工作原理为： 相似文献
4.
利用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了适用于地下水中氯代烃、苯系物、氯代苯类等25种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法。采用选择离子监测与全扫描交替方式进行质谱定性,内标法定量,方法检出限为0.10～0.20μg/L,样品加标的平均回收率在83.9%～104.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)在3.23%～10.1%。方法检出限低,精密度好,分析快速,适用于大批量地下水中挥发性有机物的分析。 相似文献
5.
气相动态顶空进样法是一种简单、环保和高灵敏度的样品前处理方法,在水样中挥发性有机物监测中的运用还有待研究。本研究应用气相动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定饮用水源水中57种挥发性有机污染物,通过对比实验,优化了影响气相动态顶空进样方法灵敏度的主要因素,确定了较佳的样品盐度(30%)、平衡温度(40℃)、平衡时间(20 min)、吹脱捕集气流速(60 mL/min)及吹脱捕集时间(2 min)等前处理方法参数。采用优化的水样前处理条件,挥发性有机物标准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.9930(环氧氯丙烷为0.9821除外),方法检出限为0.2～7.0μg/L,实际饮用水源水样品加标回收率为82.1%～143%,精密度(RSD)为0.1%～24%(n=3)。建立的气相动态顶空进样法,水样前处理过程自动化,可同时对水中几十种挥发性有机物进行分析,提高了分析效率;与常见的对水样气相和液相中目标物同时进行吹脱捕集的吹扫捕集法相比,因无需直接接触水样而减少了样品对仪器的污染。 相似文献
6.
在测定地下水中有机污染物时,捕集阱的填料对分析结果有很大的影响.本文采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了适用于地下水中卤代烃、氯代苯、苯系物等30种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法.对11#捕集阱( VOCARB3000)和10#捕集阱(Tenax/硅胶/碳分子筛)进行比较实验和捕集阱的填料进行选择优化,结果表明,以氮气为吹扫气,11#捕集阱的检出限比10#捕集阱的检出限低,富集效率和响应值更高,更适合分析低含量的地下水样品;Rtx - 502.2毛细柱(60 m×0.32 mm×1.8 μm)对目标组分有更好的分离效果,且柱流失小、色谱峰响应高;利用选择离子扫描方式对目标物进行扫描,采用内标法定量,提高了方法灵敏度,消除了组分的干扰以及整个分析过程中存在的系统误差.方法检出限为0.031 ～0.059 μg/L,精密度(RSD)为1.02％ ～5.19％(n=7),回收率为87.7％ ～118.0％(n=7),各组分相关系数均在0.9991以上.方法操作简便,对环境污染小,可满足大批量地下水中痕量挥发性有机物的分析要求. 相似文献
7.
建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱技术测定土壤中挥发性有机化合物的方法,对标准模拟样品的基体选择、吹扫捕集条件、色谱条件等实验条件进行了考察。结果表明,方法检出限为0.20~0.60μg/kg,精密度(RSD,n=7)为2.78%~9.89%,基体加标平均回收率为81.5%~115.2%。方法准确可靠,用于批量样品的实际分析,检测结果良好。 相似文献
8.
应用吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱法分析土壤中卤代烃、氯代苯、苯系物类等54种挥发性有机物,应用选择性离子扫描（SIM）的方式进行分段扫描.与全扫描方式相比,SIM方式对土壤中多组分的定量分析更具有积极作用.采用内标法绘制校正曲线,方法检出限范围在0.20×10 -9~1.20×10 -9之间.基体加标回收率范围在82.0%~112.5%之间,准确度相对于全扫描的方式高出0.1~14.5个百分点. 相似文献
9.
应用吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱法分析土壤中卤代烃、氯代苯、苯系物类等54种挥发性有机物，应用选择性离子扫描（SIM）的方式进行分段扫描.与全扫描方式相比，SIM方式对土壤中多组分的定量分析更具有积极作用.采用内标法绘制校正曲线，方法检出限范围在0.20×10 -9~1.20×10 -9之间.基体加标回收率范围在82.0%~112.5%之间，准确度相对于全扫描的方式高出0.1~14.5个百分点. 相似文献
10.
利用吹扫捕集-气质联机,建立了以污染场地的污染物质为标准物质、对地下水中挥发性芳烃进行定量分析的新方法。该方法标准物质容易获得,定量数据可靠,定量信息全面,地下水中挥发性芳烃的方法检出限达0.22 μg/L,且用色谱峰面积百分比对地下水中苯系物（BTEX）定量与用BTEX标准物质定量结果比较,相对标准偏差RSD＜5%。 相似文献
11.
为了深入了解垃圾渗滤液对浅层地下水污染的机理,揭示不同龄期垃圾渗滤液在浅层地下水中多组分运移规律,文章以阜新市垃圾填埋场为研究对象,通过室内土柱对比实验,研究了不同龄期垃圾渗滤液在浅层地下水中多组分运移的机理和规律。结果表明不同龄期垃圾渗滤液在入渗过程中都会引起地下水不同程度的污染,且新鲜垃圾渗滤液较老龄垃圾渗滤液更易污染地下水,其污染机理主要为吸附、解析、溶解、沉淀和离子交换等水岩作用。研究结果为今后垃圾填埋场的治理和地下水的修复提供理论依据。 相似文献
12.
垃圾填埋是目前处理城市生活垃圾普遍使用的方式,由此产生的垃圾渗滤液成为主要的地下水污染源.本文以上海市某生活垃圾填埋场作为研究对象,研究垃圾填埋对地下水的影响.通过监测该场地垃圾填埋前后2年内场区及周边地下水水质的变化情况,以垃圾填埋前调查区的地下水样品分析结果为本底值,采用本底法对地下水水质进行评价来判定地下水是否受到垃圾渗滤液的影响.评价结果显示,对于本研究的水质动态监测阶段,调查区内的浅层地下水水质暂未受到垃圾渗滤液的影响,个别监测井水质发生较大变化是由于填埋场施工建设过程中,破坏了监测井井盖及挖穿了井边含水层顶层.随着整个垃圾填埋场运行时间的延长,防渗漏措施的有效性以及垃圾渗滤液对周边地下水的影响还需要进一步研究. 相似文献
13.
垃圾的堆存和填埋会产生大量的渗滤液。渗滤液对垃圾填埋场周围环境能够造成严重污染,尤其使地下水质污染而丧失利用价值。通过阜新市垃圾填埋场现场采集新鲜渗滤液水样、垃圾堆体附近土样的实验研究,获得了新鲜渗滤液的各组分浓度和垃圾堆体附近土壤的性质。结合当地地理气候等情况揭示了垃圾渗滤液中污染溶质在地下水系统中的迁移转化的动态过程,定量化预测了污染范围及时空分布,为研究该地区地下水污染控制、管理和评价提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
14.
The influence of local hydrogeology on natural attenuation of contaminants from landfill leachates in shallow aquifer underlying the active Olusosun landfill base in Lagos was investigated. In addition, the level of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the landfill and of leachate migration pattern in groundwater down gradient of the landfill base was equally assessed. Landfill leachate and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed and characterized. Physico-chemical analyses of sampled water followed standard analytical methods. Analytical results showed a measurable impact of leachate outflows on groundwater quality. Elevated levels of anions: nitrate, chloride and sulphate in the groundwater body and heavy metals: Cr 3. Cd and Cu, were detected at measurable levels in groundwater down gradient of the landfill location without any particular attenuation pattern. The migration pattern and dispersion of leachates down gradient, 750 m away from the landfill location are irregular and difficult to predict as depicted by levels of contaminants present in groundwater. The study highlighted the importance of soil stratigraphy beneath the landfill base as an important factor in the natural attenuation of leachate constituents in the groundwater body. 相似文献
15.
大气降水入渗系数α、地下水径流模数M是最基础的水文地质参数,文章以封闭型寨底岩溶地下河流域结合2013年3月至2014年2月一个完整水文年的水位、流量、雨量高频率监测数据,采用水量均衡法得到了岩溶区枯平丰水期大气降水入渗系数,分别为0.352、0.528、0.726,平均入渗系数为0.635。地下水径流模数分别为8.32、19.80、61.15 L·s-1·km-2,年平均径流模数为33.36 L·s·-1·km-2。其计算方法和计算结果对同类型岩溶区水资源评价等有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
16.
The Nanjido Landfill is the largest uncontrolled landfill in Korea and it causes various kinds of environmental problems.
Landfill gases and leachate are recognized as the most serious environmental problems associated with the landfill. This study
employs a series of numerical models and uses test data to interpret the distribution and flow of landfill gases and leachate.
Leachate seepage appears about 40–60 m higher than the estimated basal groundwater table. Thus, seepage data indicate that
perched or floating leachate layers are formed in the unsaturated zone of the landfill. The leachate production rate is estimated
using infiltration test data and a model for unsaturated groundwater flow. Geochemical data indicate that the landfill leachate
degrades the basal groundwater quality along the downgradient zone. The environmental impact of the leachate on river water
is estimated.
Received: 17 June 1996 · Accepted: 2 October 1996 相似文献
17.
A number of major problems associated with the containment approach to landfill management are highlighted. The fundamental flaw in the strategy is that dry entombment of waste inhibits its degradation, so prolonging the activity of the waste and delaying, possibly for several decades, its stabilisation to an inert state. This, coupled with uncertainties as to the long-term durability of synthetic lining systems, increases the potential, for liner failure at some stage in the future whilst the waste is still active, leading to groundwater pollution by landfill leachate. Clay liners also pose problems as the smectite components of bentonite liners are subject to chemical interaction with landfill leachate, leading to a reduction in their swelling capacity and increase in hydraulic conductivity. Thus, their ability to perform a containment role diminishes with time. More critically, if diffusion rather than advection is the dominant contaminant migration mechanism, then no liner will be completely impermeable to pollutants and the containment strategy becomes untenable. There are other less obvious problems with the containment strategy. One is the tendency to place total reliance on artificial lining systems and pay little attention to local geological/hydrogeological conditions during selection of landfill sites. Based on the attitude that any site can be engineered for landfilling and that complete protection of groundwater can be effected by lining systems, negative geological characteristics of sites are being ignored. Furthermore, excessive costs in construction and operation of containment landfills necessitate that they are large scale operations (superdumps), with associated transfer facilities and transport costs, all of which add to overall waste management costs. Taken together with unpredictable post-closure maintenance and monitoring costs, possibly over several decades, the economics of the containment strategy becomes unsustainable. Such a high-cost, high-technology approach to landfill leachate management is generally beyond the financial and technological resources of the less wealthy nations, and places severe burdens on their economies. For instance, in third world countries with limited water resources, the need to preserve groundwater quality is paramount, so expensive containment strategies are adopted in the belief that they offer greatest protection to groundwater. A final indictment of the containment strategy is that in delaying degradation of waste, the present generations waste problems will be left for future generations to deal with. More cost-effective landfill management strategies take advantage of the natural hydrogeological characteristics and attenuation properties of the subsurface. The ‘dilute and disperse’ strategy employs the natural sorption and ion exchange properties of clay minerals, and it has been shown that in appropriate situations it is effective in attenuating landfill leachate and preventing pollution of water resources. Operated at sites with thick clay overburden sequences, using a permeable cap to maximise rainfall infiltration and a leachate collection system to control leachate migration, ‘dilute and disperse’ is a viable leachate management strategy. Hydraulic traps are relatively common hydrogeological situations where groundwater flow is towards the landfill, so effectively suppressing outwards advective flow of leachate. This approach is also best employed with a clay liner, taking advantage of the attenuation properties of clays to combat diffusive flow of contaminants. These strategies are likely to guarantee greater protection of groundwater in the long term. 相似文献
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