共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
洋陆转换过程中俯冲-碰撞（增生）-后碰撞各阶段具有不同岩浆作用，其中板片俯冲和岩石圈拆沉-减薄机制尤其受到关注。东昆仑造山带位于青藏高原北部，是秦祁昆中央造山带的重要组成部分，在早古生代经历了原特提斯洋陆转化过程。笔者通过对东昆仑东段都兰地区古生代花岗岩进行年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究，认为浪木日中志留世（429±4 Ma）花岗岩形成于洋壳俯冲阶段，具有埃达克质岛弧岩浆属性，与热俯冲机制下的洋壳部分熔融有关；希望沟与哈日扎早泥盆世（416～403 Ma）花岗岩形成于后碰撞阶段，分别显示I型和A型花岗岩特征，与新生下地壳的部分熔融和岩石圈减薄作用有关。综合区域古生代花岗岩地球化学资料表明，东昆仑东西段岩浆岩差异可能是洋脊俯冲所致。 相似文献
2.
洋脊俯冲及其在新疆阿尔泰地区存在的可能证据 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文综述了洋脊俯冲的研究历史与现状,论述了与洋脊俯冲相关的各种构造运动、岩浆活动以及成矿特点。同时,系统总结了阿尔泰南缘已报道的可能与洋脊俯冲有关的证据,如埃达克岩和富铌玄武岩、玻安岩、苦橄岩、A型花岗岩、双峰式火山岩、阿拉斯加型杂岩、酸性岩墙群等特殊的岩石类型,以及可能与洋脊俯冲相关的变质变形作用,认为洋脊俯冲模式可以合理的解释阿尔泰南缘的这些岩石组合以及变质变形作用。此外,分析了晚古生代阿尔泰南缘洋脊俯冲的时空分布,阐述了洋脊俯冲对中亚造山带陆壳增生及成矿的意义。 相似文献
3.
冈底斯岩浆弧的形成与演化 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧是新特提斯大洋岩石圈长期俯冲导致的中生代岩浆作用的产物,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,也是研究增生与碰撞造山作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于岩浆、变质和成矿作用研究成果,我们将冈底斯弧的形成与演化历史划分5期,即新特提斯洋早期俯冲、新特提斯洋中脊俯冲、新特提斯洋晚期俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和后碰撞期。第1期发生在晚白垩世之前,是以新特提斯洋岩石圈的长期俯冲、地幔楔部分熔融形成钙碱性弧岩浆岩为特征。长期的幔源岩浆作用导致了整个冈底斯弧发生显著的新生地壳生长,并在岩浆弧西部形成了一个大型的与俯冲相关的斑岩型铜矿。第2期发生在晚白垩世,活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲,软流软圈沿板片窗上涌,使上升的软流圈、地幔楔和俯冲洋壳发生部分熔融,导致了强烈的幔源岩浆作用和显著的新生地壳生长与加厚,并以不同类型和不同成分岩浆岩的同时发育和伴随的高温变质作用为特征。第3期发生在晚白垩世晚期,为新特提斯洋脊俯冲后残余大洋岩石圈的俯冲期,以正常的弧型岩浆作用为特征。第4期发生在古新世至中始新世,伴随印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞,俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离引起软流圈上涌,诱发了强烈的幔源岩浆作用。在此阶段,大陆碰撞导致的地壳挤压缩短和幔源岩浆的底侵与增生,使冈底斯弧经历了显著的地壳生长和加厚,新生和古老加厚下地壳的高压、高温变质和部分熔融,幔源和壳源岩浆岩的共生和强烈的岩浆混合。所形成的I型花岗岩大多继承了新生地壳弧型岩浆岩的化学成分,并多显出埃达克岩的地球化学特征。在岩浆弧北部形成了一系列与起源于古老地壳花岗岩相关的Pb-Zn矿床。第5期发生在晚渐新世到早-中中新世的后碰撞挤压过程中,以地壳的继续加厚,加厚下地壳的高温变质、部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的形成为特征。在岩浆弧东段南部形成了一系列与起源于新生加厚下地壳埃达克质岩石相关的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿。冈底斯带的多期岩浆、变质与成矿作用为其从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的构造演化提供了重要限定。 相似文献
4.
本文通过对西昆仑西段地区晚古生代—中生代花岗岩的岩石类型、形成时代和岩石地球化学资料的综合分析,探讨花岗质岩浆活动期次、岩石成因,结合区域资料,探讨构造-岩浆演化特征和碰撞造山过程。将该地区晚古生代—中生代构造-岩浆演化分为7个阶段:(1)388~324 Ma(特提斯Ⅰ、Ⅱ支洋向北俯冲消减阶段),具富钠贫钾特征的低温TTG岩石组合,形成于陆缘弧环境;(2)339~291 Ma(奥依塔格弧后盆地演化阶段),由于南部特提斯Ⅰ支洋持续往北俯冲,导致西昆仑北缘发生弧后扩展而形成弧后盆地,形成拉斑质具强烈富钠贫钾特征的低温大洋花岗岩;(3)258~241 Ma(特提斯Ⅰ支洋闭合、碰撞造山阶段),岩石中发育石榴子石和白云母,普遍具片麻状构造,属于S型花岗岩,陆壳部分熔融的产物;(4)234~210 Ma(特提斯Ⅰ后碰撞伸展阶段):岩体规模较大,为I型→A型花岗岩,伴随着地幔岩浆底侵和强烈的壳幔岩浆混合作用;(5)198~150 Ma(特提斯Ⅱ支洋向南俯冲消减阶段):类似TTG的岩石组合,形成于与洋壳俯冲有关的岩浆弧环境;(6)148~118 Ma(特提斯Ⅱ支洋闭合、碰撞造山阶段):弱片麻状二云二长花岗岩,属C型埃达克岩,为陆-陆碰撞过程中陆壳加厚发生部分熔融的产物;(7)111~75 Ma(特提斯Ⅱ后碰撞伸展阶段):发育规模较大,钾玄质系列,是古老地壳部分熔融的产物。根据各阶段花岗质岩浆活动特征和构造演化过程,初步提出了西昆仑西段晚古生代—中生代大地构造演化模式图。 相似文献
5.
尽管南海已进行深入的调查与研究，提出多种成因模型，包括挤出模型、弧后扩张模型、古南海俯冲拖曳模型等，但因其所处构造位置特殊，周边构造环境经历了复杂的改造，所有成因模式均未能得到广泛的认可。本文从三大板块相互作用入手，结合南海实测数据，提出南海形成的弧后扩张—左旋剪切模型。认为南海是古南海往北俯冲的弧后盆地，菲律宾海板块往北漂移形成的大规模左旋走滑是南海扩张的触发因素。印度—欧亚碰撞产生中南半岛挤出主要影响西南海盆扩张方向，使得扩张轴从近东西向转为北东向。南海及邻区晚中生代以来的演化可以分为以下阶段：1）早白垩世开始澳大利亚板块往北漂移，新特提斯洋往北俯冲消亡，导致弧后扩张，形成古南海；2）晚白垩世末—始新世，古南海往北俯冲，导致弧后拉张形成陆缘裂谷；3）早渐新世，受菲律宾海板块西缘大型左旋走滑影响，在原有裂谷的基础上从东往西海底扩张，形成南海；4）渐新世末，受俯冲后撤的影响，扩张中心往南跃迁，同时受西缘断裂左旋活动的影响，扩张轴从近东西西逐步转为北东向；5）早中新世晚期，南沙地块—北巴拉望地块与卡加延脊碰撞，南海扩张停止。 相似文献
6.
我国东北古生代—中生代洋陆构造演化存在较大争议。黑龙江省中东部地区二叠纪—早侏罗世岩浆活动强烈、矿床发育,为我们认识中国东北晚古生代至早中生代洋陆转换过程以及成矿地质背景提供了重要素材。本文在系统总结黑龙江省中东部的蛇绿岩、岛弧岩浆岩和矿床学研究成果基础上,分析并识别出洋内弧前弧玄武岩、富铌玄武（安山）岩和英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩（TTG）等岩石类型,并将研究区二叠纪—早侏罗世洋陆演化与成矿划分为二叠纪、早—中三叠世、晚三叠—早侏罗世三个阶段。（1）早二叠世佳木斯地块东侧的前弧玄武岩、富铌玄武岩和TTG岩类记录了古太平洋初始俯冲和洋陆俯冲,由于该西向俯冲导致佳木斯地块和松嫩地块间弧后拉张形成牡丹江洋,这期间佳木斯地块上的金矿围岩花岗岩类为与古太平洋俯冲背景有关的I型花岗岩。（2）早—中三叠世牡丹江洋发生双向俯冲消减,其中与牡丹江洋西向俯冲板片后撤相关的成矿序列为斑岩型钼矿。（3）晚三叠—早侏罗世佳木斯地块东缘受到古太平洋持续俯冲,以及晚三叠世末期—早侏罗世早期牡丹江洋闭合,形成松嫩地块和佳木斯地块同碰撞、碰撞后伸展以及古太平洋俯冲相关的岩浆事件,该时期主要形成早侏罗世斑岩型钼矿床和矽卡岩型多金属矿床。 相似文献
7.
祁连山蛇绿岩带和原特提斯洋演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
位于阿拉善地块和柴达木地块之间的祁连造山带记录原特提斯洋扩张、俯冲、闭合、大陆边缘增生和碰撞造山的完整过程。从南向北,祁连造山带发育有三条平行排列、不同类型的蛇绿岩带:(1)南部南祁连洋底高原-洋中脊-弧后蛇绿岩混杂带;(2)中部托勒山洋中脊型蛇绿岩带;(3)北部走廊南山SSZ型蛇绿岩带。南部南祁连蛇绿混杂岩带以拉脊山-永靖蛇绿岩为代表,为典型的洋底高原型蛇绿岩,是大洋板内地幔柱活动的产物,形成年龄为525～500Ma;中部托勒山蛇绿岩带沿熬油沟-玉石沟-冰沟-永登一线分布,为大洋中脊型蛇绿岩,蛇绿岩形成年龄为550～495Ma;北部蛇绿岩带包括弧前和弧后两种类型,弧前蛇绿岩以大岔大阪蛇绿岩为代表,形成时代为517～487Ma,反映初始俯冲/弧前扩张到弧后盆地的过程;弧后蛇绿岩以九个泉-老虎山蛇绿岩为代表,为典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩,是弧后扩张的产物,形成时代为奥陶纪(490～445Ma)。三个蛇绿岩带分别代表了新元古代-早古生代祁连洋演化历史不同环境的产物,对了解秦祁昆构造带原特提斯洋的构造演化过程有重要意义。蛇绿岩及弧火山岩的时空分布特征限定了原特提斯洋的俯冲极性为向北消减俯冲。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原中部狮泉河-拉果错-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带（简称SYMZ）位于班公湖-怒江缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间，其构造属性存在很大争议，制约了对青藏高原多岛弧盆系构造演化的理解.根据新的地质调查资料、研究成果并结合分析数据，系统总结了该蛇绿混杂岩带的地质特征，讨论了其构造演化过程.一系列新资料及新认识表明SYMZ是分割北拉萨地块和中拉萨地块的一条独立的蛇绿混杂岩带，是特提斯构造域多岛弧盆系的组成部分.在狮泉河、拉果错、阿索、永珠、凯蒙等地发育比较典型的蛇绿岩组合，高精度年代学数据指示洋盆主体发育于178~160 Ma，比班公湖-怒江洋盆主体发育时限（188~162 Ma）要晚10 Ma左右，阿索一带蛇绿岩残片记录洋盆一直持续到113 Ma.SYMZ侏罗纪基性岩具有MORB型（洋中脊玄武岩）和IAT型（岛弧拉斑玄武岩）火山岩的地球化学性质，属于洋内弧型和洋中脊型蛇绿混杂岩；早白垩世基性岩具MORB和火山弧玄武岩的双重特性，指示其很可能形成于SSZ的构造环境，不同于同时期班公湖-怒江特提斯受地幔柱热点影响的洋盆性质.同时，在拉果错、永珠、凯蒙等地区识别出侏罗纪前弧玻安岩及玻玄岩系列，一致指示SYMZ洋壳发生过洋内俯冲.在此基础上，结合区域地质资料，构建了SYMZ特提斯洋的时空格架及构造演化历史，认为经历了晚三叠世-早侏罗世洋盆裂解-扩张、中-晚侏罗世洋内俯冲、早白垩世俯冲消减和早白垩世末期洋盆消亡四个阶段，为特提斯洋的构造演化及大地构造过程再造提供了重要的地质学证据. 相似文献
9.
西藏冈底斯东段墨竹工卡地区洞中拉辉绿玢岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
洞中拉地区的辉绿玢岩出露于冈底斯弧背断隆带东段,地质研究程度很低,过去一直认为形成于古生代二叠纪。为精确地限制洞中拉辉绿玢岩的形成时代,对冈底斯东段墨竹工卡县洞中拉地区的辉绿玢岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,结果显示洞中拉辉绿玢岩的年龄为117.1Ma±1.0Ma,为早白垩世中期。与冈底斯带中北部地区带状岩浆大爆发的年龄(大约110Ma)时限和冈底斯弧后裂谷拉张作用的时限(120～95Ma)相一致。洞中拉辉绿玢岩可能是冈底斯弧背断隆东段早白垩世弧间裂谷阶段岩浆侵位的产物,与班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南、新特提斯洋壳向北的双向俯冲有关。 相似文献
10.
中国中央造山系是由亲劳亚的北方陆块群、亲冈瓦纳的南方陆块群及其间大量过渡性微陆块历经复杂拼合而成的复合型造山带，是中国大陆完成主体拼合的构造结合带。中央造山系自西而东包括昆仑造山带、祁连造山带和秦岭- 大别造山带，保存了古生代—早中生代时期华北、华南、柴达木、塔里木、羌塘等众多大小陆块造山过程的丰富信息，是研究东特提斯构造域原、古特提斯洋构造演化的重要窗口。本文综述了中央造山系地质、地球化学和高精度年代学等多学科研究成果，得到以下主要认识：① 550 Ma之前，众多大小陆块孤立散布于原特提斯洋；② 541~485 Ma，原特提斯洋各分支开始俯冲；③ 485~444 Ma，原特提斯洋持续俯冲，导致秦岭二郎坪弧后盆地、昆仑祁漫塔格弧后盆地打开；④ 444~420 Ma，原特提斯北祁连洋、南祁连洋和商丹洋闭合，昆仑祁漫塔格弧后盆地关闭；⑤ 420~300 Ma，昆仑地区古特提斯洋继承原特提斯洋，古特提斯勉略洋逐步扩张；⑥ 300~250 Ma，昆仑洋自阿其克库勒湖- 昆中缝合带向木孜塔格- 布青山- 阿尼玛卿缝合带发生俯冲后撤；⑦ 250~200 Ma，原- 古特提斯昆仑洋、古特提斯勉略洋关闭；⑧ 200 Ma以来，中央造山系转入陆内造山阶段。 相似文献
11.
Initiation and evolution of the South China Sea: an overview 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Weidong Sun 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(3):215-225
Different models have been proposed for the formation and tectonic evolution of the South China Sea (SCS), including extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, backarc extension, two-stage opening, proto-SCS dragging, extension induced by a mantle plume, and integrated models that combine diverse factors. Among these, the extrusion model has gained the most attention. Based on simplified physical experiments, this model proposes that collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates resulted in extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, which in turn led to opening of the SCS. The extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, however, should have led to preferential opening in the west side of the SCS, which is contrary to observations. Extensional models propose that the SCS was a backarc basin, rifted off the South China Block. Most of the backarc extension models, however, are not compatible with observations in terms of either age or subduction direction. The two-stage extension model is based on extensional basins surrounding the SCS. Recent dating results indeed show two-stage opening in the SCS, but the Southwest Subbasin of the SCS is much younger, which contradicts the two-stage extension model. Here we propose a refined backarc extension model. There was a wide Neotethys Ocean between the Australian and Eurasian Plates before the Indian-Eurasian collision. The ocean floor started to subduct northward at ~125 Ma, causing backarc extension along the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the formation of the proto-SCS. The Neotethys subduction regime changed due to ridge subduction in the Late Cretaceous, resulting in fold-belts, uplifting, erosion, and widespread unconformities. It may also have led to the subduction of the proto-SCS. Flat subduction of the ridge may have reached further north and resulted in another backarc extension that formed the SCS. The rollback of the flat subducting slab might have occurred ~90 Ma ago; the second backarc extension may have initiated between 50 and 45 Ma. The opening of the Southwest Subbasin is roughly simultaneous with a ridge jump in the East Subbasin, which implies major tectonic changes in the surrounding regions, likely related to major changes in the extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula. 相似文献
12.
Xinlei Sun Wei-dong Sun Yong-bin Hu Wei Ding Trevor Ireland Mei-zhen Zhan Ji-qiang Liu Ming-xing Ling Xing Ding Zhao-feng Zhang Wei-ming Fan 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(3):395-401
Cenozoic adakitic rocks in the Gangdese changed from barren continental melts to ore-forming slab melts at ~ 23 Ma. The distribution and chemical characteristics of the ore-forming adakites point to an association with the Ninetyeast Ridge. The subduction of the thick, rigid Ninetyeast Ridge changed the geometry and rheology of the eastern Tibetan Plateau lithosphere and asthenosphere, restrained the eastward escape of asthenospheric mantle as well as continental fragments, and promoted the uplift and building of the Tibetan Plateau, which consequently changed the tectonic and climatic regimes in eastern Asia. 相似文献
13.
K. S. Krishna D. Gopala Rao L. V. Subba Raju A. K. Chaubey V. S. Shcherbakov A. I. Pilipenko I. V. Radhakrishna Murthy 《Journal of Earth System Science》1999,108(4):255-267
Investigations of three plausible tectonic settings of the Kerguelen hotspot relative to the Wharton spreading center evoke
the on-spreading-axis hotspot volcanism of Paleocene (60-54 Ma) age along the Ninetyeast Ridge. The hypothesis is consistent
with magnetic lineations and abandoned spreading centers of the eastern Indian Ocean and seismic structure and radiometric
dates of the Ninetyeast Ridge. Furthermore, it is supported by the occurrence of oceanic andesites at Deep Sea Drilling Project
(DSDP) Site 214, isotopically heterogeneous basalts at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 757 of approximately the same age
(59-58 Ma) at both sites. Intermix basalts generated by plume-mid-ocean ridge (MOR) interaction, exist between 11° and 17°S
along the Ninetyeast Ridge. A comparison of age profile along the Ninetyeast Ridge between ODP Sites 758 (82 Ma) and 756 (43
Ma) with similarly aged oceanic crust in the Central Indian Basin and Wharton Basin reveals the existence of extra oceanic
crust spanning 11° latitude beneath the Ninetyeast Ridge. The extra crust is attributed to the transfer of lithospheric blocks
from the Antarctic plate to the Indian plate through a series of southward ridge jumps at about 65, 54 and 42 Ma. Emplacement
of volcanic rocks on the extra crust resulted from rapid northward motion (absolute) of the Indian plate. The Ninetyeast Ridge
was originated when the spreading centers of the Wharton Ridge were absolutely moving northward with respect to a relatively
stationary Kerguelen hotspot with multiple southward ridge jumps. In the process, the spreading center coincided with the
Kerguelen hotspot and took place on-spreading-axis volcanism along the Ninetyeast Ridge. 相似文献
14.
对青海东昆仑东山根矿区所采集的7个磷灰石样品进行分析,所获得的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布在136~67 Ma,具体分为136~112 Ma、101~95 Ma和74~67 Ma 3个年龄组,这较好地体现了该地区所经历的构造隆升事件。东山根矿区热历史可分为4个阶段：第1阶段(160~80 Ma),是羌塘地块与拉萨地块发生向欧亚板块挤压拼贴作用的响应阶段;第2阶段(120~80 Ma),经历了阿尔金断裂走滑,青藏高原北部隆升,以及燕山晚期冈底斯地体向北俯冲运动,直到早白垩世晚期发生快速冷却抬升;第3阶段(80~23 Ma),构造事件相对平稳,整体呈轻微抬升,样品随地质体隆升缓慢降温;第4阶段(23 Ma至今),快速冷却抬升,对应印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞作用。 相似文献
15.
西藏南部桑日群火山岩的时代：来自晚期马门侵入体的约束 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
位于拉萨地块南缘的桑日群火山岩通常被认为是新特提斯洋沿拉萨地块南缘向北俯冲消减的产物,但其喷发持续时间一直没有得到有效约束。在桑日群火山岩系中识别出一套稍晚于桑日群火山岩的侵入岩脉, 脉岩中的锆石用U-Pb LA-ICPMS 法测得年龄为（93.4±1.1） Ma。据此认为桑日群火山岩的喷发时间应不晚于93.4 Ma。前人的研究表明桑日群的活动时限可以追溯到晚侏罗世-早白垩世, 因此其所代表的新特提斯洋的俯冲消减至少从晚侏罗世延续到了93.4 Ma 左右。另一方面, 这些侵入岩脉的地球化学特征明显不同于俯冲成因的桑日群弧火山岩, 如埃达克岩（麻木下组）和钙碱性的火山岩（比马组）, 而与东部朗县和里龙一带
的侵入岩非常相似, 它们很可能是板片俯冲导致的加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。这种差异暗示在新特提斯洋
俯冲消减过程中其深部动力学环境发生了较大的改变。 相似文献
16.
冈底斯带晚中生代构造演化模式一直存在争议。此次研究了中冈底斯带扎布耶茶卡北部区域则弄群火山岩的野外特
征和锆石U-Pb年龄。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,扎布耶茶卡北部则弄群火山岩主要喷发于154.2~142.1 Ma。研究首次获得
晚侏罗世的则弄群火山岩年龄为154 Ma,比前人提出的则弄群火山岩浆活动起始时间（130 Ma） 提前了24 Ma,据此将则
弄群的时代定为晚侏罗世至早白垩世。根据研究获得的最新年代学数据,结合冈底斯带火山岩的前人研究资料,显示冈底
斯带中生代弧火山岩具有从南向北逐渐年轻的趋势。因此,最早期南冈底斯弧中生代火山岩可能与新特提斯洋板片北向俯
冲有关,晚侏罗世至早白垩世的中冈底斯带弧火山岩受到了新特提斯洋板片北向俯冲和班公湖-怒江洋板片南向俯冲的双
重影响,早白垩世中期的北冈底斯带弧火山岩则与班公湖-怒江洋板片的南向俯冲密切相关。研究成果为冈底斯带晚中生
代构造演化模式提供了火山岩方面的新证据。 相似文献
17.
《China Geology》2023,6(1):154-167
The existing genetic models of the South China Sea (SCS) include an extrusion model of the Indochina Peninsula, a back-arc extension model, and a subduction and dragging model of the Proto-South China Sea (PSCS). However, none of these models has been universally accepted because they do not fully match a large number of geological phenomena and facts. By examining the regional tectonics and integrating them with measured data for the SCS, in this study, a back-arc spreading-sinistral shear model is proposed. It is suggested that the SCS is a back-arc basin formed by northward subduction of the PSCS and its formation was triggered by left-lateral strike-slip motion due to the northward drift of the Philippine Sea Plate. The left-lateral strike-slip fault on the western margin caused by the Indo-Eurasian collision changed the direction of the Southwest Sub-basin’s spreading axis from nearly E–W to NE–SW, and subduction retreat caused the spreading ridge to jump southward. This study summarizes the evolution of the SCS and adjacent regions since the Late Mesozoic.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
18.
Tectono-magmatic evolution of the west coast of india 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K.R. Subrahmanya 《Gondwana Research》1998,1(3-4):319-327
The west and east coasts of India (WCI & ECI) have distinct histories of their own. The WCI originated subsequent to ECI, which has the imprint of two hotspots - Marion and Reunion, evolved through several stages of rifting, magmatism and isostatic movements. Important among them are: felsic magmatism associated with doming (93 Ma); mafic magmatism related to rifting (88 Ma); origin of the Western Ghats of India and the east facing scarp of Madagascar (all the three related to separation of Madagascar from India); mafic (Deccan) volcanism in the north-western parts of India (67 Ma); rifting of Seychelles micro-continent and lava cover from the north-western parts of India along the Carlsberg ridge (62 Ma/A 27); isostatic subsidence relating to loading of Deccan basalts; subsidence of Bombay offshore region due to reactivation of SONATA rift; separation of Laccadive-Chagos ridge from the southern part of Mascarene plateau because of shifting of the Central Indian Ridge (40 Ma); buckling of South India and tilting of the Peninsula northward due to collision and subduction. These events make the WCI unique and endowed with a great deal of dynamism. 相似文献
19.
印度陆块新生代两次仰冲事件及其构造驱动机制:论印度洋、特提斯和欧亚板块相互作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
印度陆块与欧亚大陆的碰撞是印度洋扩张和特提斯洋闭合综合作用的结果。本文通过综合分析和研究提出这3个板块的相互作用致使印度陆块发生过2次向北的仰冲:早期(古新世末-始新世初,~57Ma)仰冲受其超高速运动(140mm/yr)的驱动,与特提斯之间产生的速度差致使两者间的边界发生破裂,密度小的印度陆块沿印度洋东经90°海岭和马尔代夫岛链向北仰冲到特提斯洋壳之上,两者的叠加导致印度陆块北缘——特提斯喜马拉雅地壳增厚(~70km)并且沉积了一套造山磨拉石——柳曲砾岩;晚期(渐新世-中新世之交,~25Ma)仰冲发生在碰撞后,由于高喜马拉雅结晶岩系沿主中央冲断带和藏南拆离断裂发生的垂向挤出,位于上盘的特提斯喜马拉雅沉积盖层同时发生重力垮塌,沿大喜马拉雅反冲断裂仰冲到冈底斯岩浆岩带之上并且造成后者的隆升和前陆下陷,其北缘充填了一套造山磨拉石沉积——大竹卡砾岩。这两次构造事件均受印度陆块的快速运动驱动。此外,在印度陆块超高速运动的挤压下,特提斯洋可能在早白垩世之后就停止了扩张,而老的洋壳不是俯冲消减了就是被仰冲的印度陆块掩盖了,这解释了为什么雅鲁藏布江缝合带只存早白垩世蛇绿岩。印度洋内东经90°海岭和马尔代夫岛链构成印度陆块的南东和南西边界,前者呈右行走滑,后者呈左行走滑,两者勾画出印度陆块向北漂移的轨迹。 相似文献
20.
The tectonic evolution of the Indian plate, which started in Late Jurassic about 167 million years ago (~ 167 Ma) with the breakup of Gondwana, presents an exceptional and intricate case history against which a variety of plate tectonic events such as: continental breakup, sea-floor spreading, birth of new oceans, flood basalt volcanism, hotspot tracks, transform faults, subduction, obduction, continental collision, accretion, and mountain building can be investigated. Plate tectonic maps are presented here illustrating the repeated rifting of the Indian plate from surrounding Gondwana continents, its northward migration, and its collision first with the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc at the Indus Suture Zone, and then with Tibet at the Shyok–Tsangpo Suture. The associations between flood basalts and the recurrent separation of the Indian plate from Gondwana are assessed. The breakup of India from Gondwana and the opening of the Indian Ocean is thought to have been caused by plate tectonic forces (i.e., slab pull emanating from the subduction of the Tethyan ocean floor beneath Eurasia) which were localized along zones of weakness caused by mantle plumes (Bouvet, Marion, Kerguelen, and Reunion plumes). The sequential spreading of the Southwest Indian Ridge/Davie Ridge, Southeast Indian Ridge, Central Indian Ridge, Palitana Ridge, and Carlsberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean were responsible for the fragmentation of the Indian plate during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous times. The Réunion and the Kerguelen plumes left two spectacular hotspot tracks on either side of the Indian plate. With the breakup of Gondwana, India remained isolated as an island continent, but reestablished its biotic links with Africa during the Late Cretaceous during its collision with the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc (~ 85 Ma) along the Indus Suture. Soon after the Deccan eruption, India drifted northward as an island continent by rapid motion carrying Gondwana biota, about 20 cm/year, between 67 Ma to 50 Ma; it slowed down dramatically to 5 cm/year during its collision with Asia in Early Eocene (~ 50 Ma). A northern corridor was established between India and Asia soon after the collision allowing faunal interchange. This is reflected by mixed Gondwana and Eurasian elements in the fossil record preserved in several continental Eocene formations of India. A revised India–Asia collision model suggests that the Indus Suture represents the obduction zone between India and the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc, whereas the Shyok-Suture represents the collision between the Kohistan–Ladakh arc and Tibet. Eventually, the Indus–Tsangpo Zone became the locus of the final India–Asia collision, which probably began in Early Eocene (~ 50 Ma) with the closure of Neotethys Ocean. The post-collisional tectonics for the last 50 million years is best expressed in the evolution of the Himalaya–Tibetan orogen. The great thickness of crust beneath Tibet and Himalaya and a series of north vergent thrust zones in the Himalaya and the south-vergent subduction zones in Tibetan Plateau suggest the progressive convergence between India and Asia of about 2500 km since the time of collision. In the early Eohimalayan phase (~ 50 to 25 Ma) of Himalayan orogeny (Middle Eocene–Late Oligocene), thick sediments on the leading edge of the Indian plate were squeezed, folded, and faulted to form the Tethyan Himalaya. With continuing convergence of India, the architecture of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen is dominated by deformational structures developed in the Neogene Period during the Neohimalayan phase (~ 21 Ma to present), creating a series of north-vergent thrust belt systems such as the Main Central Thrust, the Main Boundary Thrust, and the Main Frontal Thrust to accommodate crustal shortening. Neogene molassic sediment shed from the rise of the Himalaya was deposited in a nearly continuous foreland trough in the Siwalik Group containing rich vertebrate assemblages. Tomographic imaging of the India–Asia orogen reveals that Indian lithospheric slab has been subducted subhorizontally beneath the entire Tibetan Plateau that has played a key role in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The low-viscosity channel flow in response to topographic loading of Tibet provides a mechanism to explain the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. From the start of its voyage in Southern Hemisphere, to its final impact with the Asia, the Indian plate has experienced changes in climatic conditions both short-term and long-term. We present a series of paleoclimatic maps illustrating the temperature and precipitation conditions based on estimates of Fast Ocean Atmospheric Model (FOAM), a coupled global climate model. The uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau above the snow line created two most important global climate phenomena—the birth of the Asian monsoon and the onset of Pleistocene glaciation. As the mountains rose, and the monsoon rains intensified, increasing erosional sediments from the Himalaya were carried down by the Ganga River in the east and the Indus River in the west, and were deposited in two great deep-sea fans, the Bengal and the Indus. Vertebrate fossils provide additional resolution for the timing of three crucial tectonic events: India–KL Arc collision during the Late Cretaceous, India–Asia collision during the Early Eocene, and the rise of the Himalaya during the Early Miocene. 相似文献