共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
柴北缘锡铁山早古生代HP／UHP变质作用后的构造热事件——花岗岩和片麻岩的同位素与岩石地球化学证据 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8
对柴达木盆地北缘锡铁山地区花岗岩中的锆石采用单颗粒锆石U-Pb法(TIMS)测年,谐合线上数据点给出的结果为428±1Ma,代表了花岗质岩浆的形成(上侵)时代.在锆石岩相学研究的基础上对围岩片麻岩中的锆石采用SHRIMP进行测年,10个点的Th/U比变化范围在0.01～0.08,表明锆石为变质成因,10个数据点给出的206Pb/238U表面年龄的加权平均值为435±7Ma,代表变质岩的变质年龄.两类岩石的锆石年龄在误差范围内一致,岩浆作用与变质作用时差很小.花岗岩地球化学特征表明岩体为Ⅰ型花岗岩,它的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征与围岩片麻岩十分类似,表明花岗岩的源岩在成分上与围岩片麻岩相似.花岗岩的Nd模式年龄TDM=1.4～1.5Ga,围岩片麻岩的TDM=1.9～2.2Ga,暗示岩浆形成时有地幔物质的添加或混染.推测是由于地幔上隆使深部地壳岩石发生了部分熔融作用,形成花岗质岩浆时添加了地幔物质.锡铁山花岗岩是早古生代碰撞后伸展环境的产物. 相似文献
2.
拉萨地体东南缘的多期深熔作用及动力学 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
位于青藏高原班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带与印度-雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带之间拉萨地体东南缘的前寒武纪结晶基底经历了角闪岩相-麻粒岩相区域变质作用和强烈的混合岩化.研究区可识别出两期深熔作用,第一期为斜长角闪岩部分熔融形成的花岗闪长岩脉体,其与围岩一起发生了变质与变形再造,转变成了黑云斜长片麻岩.第二期为含夕线石石榴石片麻岩部分熔融形成的含石榴石斜长石花岗岩脉体.岩石化学成分显示,第一期深熔脉体具有埃达克岩的典型地球化学特征,其SiO2=63.81%,Al2O3=16,92%,MgO=1.86%,Na2O=4.22%,K2O=1.81%,K2O/Na2O=0.43,并显示出LREE富集、无Eu异常的BEE配分模型,同时明显富Sr(366×10-6),贫Y(12×10-6)和Yb(0.4×10-6),Sr/Y=30.舍石榴石斜长石花岗岩主要由斜长石、石英和石榴石组成,含少量白云母和黑云母,其全岩SiO2=71.14%,Al2O3=14.26%,K2O=0.26%,Na2O=2.79%.CaO=2.94%.过铝指数A/CNK=1.40,为典型的过铝花岗岩.黑云斜长片麻岩脉体中的大多数锆石具有同心韵律状结晶环带和较高的Th//U比值(0.433～1.167),为典型的岩浆结晶锆石.锆石岩浆结晶域U-Pb原位定年给出了64.0±1.0Ma(MSWD=8.7)加权平均年龄;个别锆石变质交生边给出了27.9 Ma的谐和年龄,同时具有较低的Th/U比值(0.019),应代表后期叠加的变质热事件年龄.含石榴石斜长石花岗岩中的锆石均发育同心韵律状环带,而且具有较高的Th/U比值(0.196～1.212).所获得的谐和年龄在27.0～34.1Ma之间(加权平均年龄为29.3±0.9 Ma),应代表过铝花岗岩的结晶年龄.因此,我们认为拉萨地体东南缘变质基底在古近纪经历了两期深熔作用,第一期发生在约65Ma,在特提斯洋壳俯冲和印度板块与拉萨地体碰撞的动力学体制下,拉萨地体下地壳加厚和升温,发生了麻粒岩相变质和部分熔融,形成了埃达克岩质的花岗闪长岩浆;第二期混合岩化作用发生在约30Ma,在印度板块与拉萨地体碰撞后伸展的动力学体制下,高角闪岩相泥质变质岩中的含水矿物脱水熔融形成了过铝质花岗闪长岩浆. 相似文献
3.
阿尔金江尕勒萨依榴辉岩和围岩锆石LA ICP MS微区原位定年及其地质意义 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
阿尔金江尕勒萨依榴辉岩及其直接围岩——石榴子石黑云母片麻岩锆石的阴极发光图像、微区原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析研究表明,榴辉岩锆石内部结构比较均匀,少数颗粒保留斑杂状残核;位于锆石斑杂状残核测点的重稀土相对富集,Th/U比值多大于0.4,为岩浆锆石的特征;位于锆石边部与内部结构均匀颗粒上的测点显示HREE近平坦型或弱亏损型的稀土配分模式,显示了与石榴石平衡共生的变质锆石特征;而石榴子石黑云母片麻岩的锆石具有核-幔-边结构,核部为碎屑锆石,幔部则为与石榴石平衡共生的变质锆石。LA-ICP-MS微区定年获得榴辉岩的变质年龄为(493±4.3)Ma,其原岩形成年龄为(754±9)Ma;石榴子石黑云母片麻岩的变质年龄为(499±27)Ma。榴辉岩的变质年龄滞后于其原岩的形成年龄约250Ma,并且榴辉岩与其直接围岩副片麻岩的变质年龄几乎完全一致,充分表明该超高压榴辉岩的形成是陆壳深俯冲作用的产物。 相似文献
4.
拉萨地体东南缘始新世早期变质作用及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南缘林芝杂岩中的片麻岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究.所研究的样品包括正片麻岩和副片麻岩,它们经历了中压角闪岩相变质作用.岩石地球化学分析结果表明,所研究的正片麻岩的原岩具有钙碱性岛弧岩浆岩的特征.锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果表明,副片麻岩中的碎屑锆石核部为岩浆成因,它们给出的206Pb/238U年龄范围为3012～ 522Ma,其锆石的增生边给出了～51Ma的变质年龄.在正片麻岩中,黑云母片麻岩给出了～67Ma的原岩结晶年龄和～ 55 Ma的变质年龄;石榴石角闪黑云斜长片麻岩给出了～58Ma的原岩结晶年龄和～54Ma的变质年龄.因此,所研究的林芝杂岩并不能代表拉萨地体中的前寒武纪变质基底,而是古生代的沉积岩和晚白垩纪至早新生代的岩浆岩在始新世早期变质而成.这一时期,表壳岩和侵入岩一起经历的中压角闪岩相变质作用很可能跟新特提斯洋俯冲导致的地壳增生、加厚有关. 相似文献
5.
西秦岭造山带北缘古元古界变质杂岩中新识别出新元古代元龙花岗质片麻岩和新阳花岗质片麻岩。花岗质片麻岩中锆石Th/U比值较高,阴极发光图象显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为914.7±7.6Ma(MSWD=4.8)、978.5±4.8Ma(MSWD=1.5)和935.5±3.1Ma(MSWD=1.3),表明花岗岩岩体形成于新元古代,反映了新元古代早期西秦岭北缘存在一次俯冲碰撞事件,与Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件具有一致性。 相似文献
6.
辽东半岛南辽河群锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义 总被引：20，自引：13，他引：7
本文报道了辽东半岛古元古代胶-辽-吉活动带南辽河群中变质火山岩和沉积岩的锆石U-Pb年代学数据。变质流纹岩的锆石具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U比值(0.3),锆石U-Pb年龄为~2.2Ga,该年龄可代表其原岩形成年龄,在误差范围内与古元古代辽吉花岗岩年龄一致,表明辽吉花岗岩并不是辽河群的基底。变质玄武岩的锆石阴极发光强度较弱、弱分带或无分带,同时具较低的Th/U比值(0.1),为典型的变质成因锆石,锆石U-Pb年龄为~1.9Ga,代表其变质时代。变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄主要介于1981~3520Ma之间:峰期年龄为2033Ma和2092Ma的锆石年龄信息暗示辽东半岛至少存在一期2000~2100Ma的岩浆事件,并且该时期的中酸性岩浆岩是南辽河群沉积岩的一个重要物源;峰期年龄为2155Ma、2446Ma、2509Ma、2594Ma、2668Ma、2790Ma、3356Ma、3467Ma和3520Ma的锆石年龄信息,区域上与古元古代辽吉花岗岩、辽河群火山岩及太古宙基底年龄相吻合,暗示它们为南辽河群沉积岩提供了重要物源。沉积岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄为~2.0Ga,可代表其沉积时的最大年龄。所以,辽河群火山-沉积-变质的时限为2.2~1.9Ga,其演化时间约300Myr。结合前人有关辽东半岛前寒武纪岩石的研究成果,本文研究认为胶-辽-吉活动带的形成演化与弧-陆碰撞有关,而不是许多人坚持的裂谷环境。 相似文献
7.
西藏林芝至通麦一带出露大面积变质岩,变质岩中含长柱状锆石。长柱状锆石晶体形态特征、矿物包裹体、CL图像及Th/U比值在0.1～0.4之间,表明锆石主要来自火山岩,受后期变质流体改造。长柱状锆石ELA-ICP-MSU-Th-Pb年龄为(40.7±0.3)Ma,MSWD=2.35。变质流体改造边缘部分年龄和核部年龄基本一致。长柱状锆石特征及年龄表明长青温池至通麦一带片麻岩原岩为新生代含火山物质的沉积岩而不是元古宙变质基底。 相似文献
8.
点苍山-哀牢山杂岩带多期变质作用:嘎洒地区变沉积岩锆石微量元素与U-Pb年代学制约 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
点苍山-哀牢山杂岩带位于青藏高原东南缘,为云南三江地区一条重要的造山带,由扬子板块和印支板块于晚二叠世-中晚三叠世碰撞拼合而成。杂岩带主要由各类副片麻岩、片岩、石英岩、大理岩和斜长角闪岩构成,岩石发育强烈糜棱岩化和深熔作用。本文选取哀牢山北段新平嘎洒地区变沉积岩为研究对象,通过对变沉积岩锆石的阴极发光图像、微量元素、矿物包裹体组合、表面形态和U-Pb年龄的综合研究,揭示出嘎洒地区哀牢山杂岩经历了两期变质事件:其中,含石榴子石斜长二云母片岩中30颗变质锆石获得了较为一致的206Pb/238U年龄215±6Ma~227±5Ma,加权平均年龄为222.3±1.2Ma(n=30,MSWD=0.27),这些锆石具有浑圆状或椭圆状形态、较为均匀的阴极发光图像、平坦的HREE配分模式((Lu/Gd)N=0.73~4.08)和弱的负Eu异常,这些特征与典型的高级变质岩中变质锆石相似,而锆石的Th/U比值较为分散为0.06~0.84,平均值为0.45,可能与变质过程中富Th矿物独居石分解有关。变质年龄与杂岩带中点苍山和元阳地区变质岩中、晚三叠世变质年龄极为吻合,指示这期变质事件与中-晚三叠世古特提斯洋闭合-造山有关,标志着点苍山-哀牢山杂岩带为三江地区一条重要的古缝合线。此外,嘎洒地区夕线石榴黑云二长片麻岩的岩相学特征显示,岩石经历了石榴子石的转熔作用,除两颗锆石年龄为35.4Ma外,28颗锆石(增生边)给出了误差范围内较为一致的206Pb/238U年龄(27.3±0.5Ma~31.9±0.5Ma),加权平均年龄为29.4±0.53Ma(n=28,MSWD=2.0)。这些锆石的增生边中的矿物包裹体组合为夕线石+钾长石+黑云母+石英+独居石,且具有较低的Th/U比值(0.01~0.1),平坦的重稀土(HREE)配分模式((Lu/Gd)N=0.45~7.59)和中等程度的负Eu异常,这些特征指示该类锆石为典型的变质锆石。变质年龄与新生代红河-哀牢山剪切带内大量发现的同剪切岩浆岩、变质岩的年龄较为一致,指示这期年轻的变质事件与岩石圈尺度大规模剪切运动有关。此外,两类变沉积岩中6颗继承性碎屑锆石的年龄分布范围为528~783Ma,这些锆石具有锥形的锆石形态,清晰的振荡环带,表面发育蚀痕和凹坑,较高的Th/U比(0.1),陡倾的HREE配分曲线,表明这些锆石为经过剥蚀-搬运-沉积的岩浆锆石,具有继承性碎屑锆石的特征,说明哀牢山杂岩变沉积岩中至少应包含新元古代和早古生代的沉积物源,指示研究区哀牢山杂岩带部分岩石并不属于真正意义上的扬子结晶基底。 相似文献
9.
10.
西昆仑布隆二长花岗岩出露于西昆仑库地蛇绿混杂岩两侧。地球化学特征显示,布隆二长花岗岩主要为高钾钙碱-钾玄岩系列、过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.1)。岩石具有低的Rb/Sr(0.67～0.88)、Sr/Y比值(13.2～16.6),弱的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.68～0.84)和中等Sr(214×10-6～247×10-6)、Rb含量(165×10-6～191×10-6),指示布隆二长花岗岩主要为黑云母和角闪石脱水熔融源区,其原岩可能来自于杂砂岩或壳源中性岩类。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该花岗岩的结晶年龄为441±2 Ma(MSWD=0.33)。锆石的εHf(t)值(平均值为-3.0)和Hf两阶段模式年龄值(1 493～1 116 Ma)反映该花岗岩来自于中新元古代地壳的熔融。新获得的资料显示,西昆仑早古生代花岗岩均发育于库地蛇绿混杂岩两侧,且具有多个期次: 507～500 Ma、471～468 Ma、447～430 Ma和408～404 Ma,推测西昆仑早古生代花岗岩为古特提斯洋在该地区长期俯冲的背景下形成的产物。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
14.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
15.
16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
19.
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献