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1.
文章以赣南遂川地区的基性岩脉为研究对象,通过野外地质观察和室内岩石学、地球化学以及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定分析,并对其岩石学、地球化学特征、形成时间、岩浆成因及构造环境等有关问题进行探讨。基性岩脉测年结果为446 Ma±6.6 Ma—422.3 Ma±7.3 Ma,属加里东晚期区域性伸展环境的产物。主、微量元素分析显示基性岩墙为拉斑碱性系列,属于富钠基性岩类;稀土配分曲线与地幔岩浆型稀土元素曲线模式相似,说明岩浆来源与地幔岩浆有密切关系。赣南存在加里东期的酸性和基性侵入岩,反映了地壳构造环境由早期挤压环境渐变为后期伸展环境的演化过程。 相似文献
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龙门山北段的四川广元水磨地区零星分布北东-南西向的基性岩脉,主要侵位于中生代。前人对龙门山地区的基性岩脉研究较少,更缺乏高精度的年龄数据及地球化学报道。研究区辉绿岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄数据具双峰特点,结合区域构造及岩浆事件分析,采用185.7Ma为本区辉绿岩的成岩年龄。对于49.8±0.7Ma(MSWD=0.83)的年龄数据,可能指示了在喜山运动50Ma左右,本区经历过一次较强的热事件致锆石变质结晶。辉绿岩的Si O2含量相对较低,Ti O2含量较高。稀土元素总含量高,轻稀土元素相对富集,轻重稀土分异明显,配分模式为向右陡倾型。微量元素Zr/Y-Zr和2Nb-Zr/4-Y图解亦指示其具板内拉张环境特征。结合前人研究,认为水磨地区基性岩脉为印支运动后的晚三叠世-侏罗纪,由于后造山期挤压应力的逐渐消退,该区域曾一度进入挤压造山后的松弛调整阶段,致使幔源基性岩浆沿张性构造裂隙侵位而成。 相似文献
3.
博格达山白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学研究显示,该岩墙属于亚碱性系列,为岩浆高度演化的产物,轻稀土元素适度富集,轻重稀土分异中等,Nb、Ta强烈亏损,Ti、Zr和Hf适度亏损,不相容元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr、LREE)与Pb富集,说明该岩墙源自与俯冲作用有关的交代地幔,且在侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染。该岩墙侵位时期可能为270~250Ma左右,为造山期后伸展环境下的产物,是中亚造山带后碰撞阶段陆壳垂向生长的重要标志。 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰山南缘沙尔布拉克一带早二叠世花岗岩的年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对出露于阿尔泰山南缘沙尔布拉克一带的布可萨拉岩体和索尔库都克岩体中的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,206Pb/238U年龄分别为277.0Ma±2.4Ma和280.9Ma±4.3Ma,表明形成于早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,该期花岗岩具有富碱、高钾的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列,为具有I—A、I—S过渡特点的I型花岗岩,稀土元素含量较高(∑REE为184.68×10-6～221.49×10-6),轻稀土元素富集(LREE/HREE为4.52～8.45),Eu负异常明显(δEu为0.47～0.68),富集大离子亲石元素,具Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素负异常。结合区域资料分析,该期岩体形成于碰撞造山后的拉张构造环境,属于后造山花岗岩。阿尔泰南缘早二叠世花岗岩是在后造山拉张背景下,地幔物质减压熔融形成岩浆上涌,底侵于新生地壳之下,使地壳熔融形成岩浆沿深断裂带上侵形成的。 相似文献
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辽东地区新太古代构成了华北陆块重要结晶基底.以辽吉古元古代裂谷为界,分为南北两个微陆块.北部微陆块由新太古代付家堡子片麻杂岩（U-Pb法2730 Ma）、虎庄片麻岩（U-Pb法2524.85 Ma）、连山关花岗岩（U-Pb法2563 Ma）组成,南部微陆块由得胜片麻杂岩（U-Pb法2519 Ma）组成.北部微陆块岩石地球化学显示钾玄岩系列-钠质钙碱系列,正铕异常-负铕异常轻稀土富集型特征.岩浆演化由钠质钙碱系列→钾质钙碱系列.源区性质为地壳深熔,相当于变质泥岩、变质杂砂岩部分熔融.构造背景为活动大陆边缘,由造山早期构造拉张环境上侵就位（付家堡子片麻杂岩）→造山主期（虎庄片麻岩）和造山晚期（连山关花岗岩）挤压环境同构造上侵就位.地壳演化由造山早期拉张→主造山挤压.南部微陆块岩石地球化学显示高铝、镁特征,与埃达克岩相近,稀土总量低,属负铕异常轻稀土富集型.岩浆具钠质演化趋势.源区性质具板片俯冲重熔特征,相当基性岩部分融熔,为板片俯冲构造背景.南部微陆块埃达克岩存在,暗示2500 Ma年前后,南部微陆块向北俯冲,形成辽东地区太古宙统一大陆. 相似文献
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鲁西地区发育大规模的中元古代基性岩墙群,侵位于早前寒武纪结晶基底内,未变形未变质,以北北西向和近南北向为主,是鲁西前寒武纪最引人注目的一种伸展构造标志。鲁西基性岩墙群属于板内大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩系列,与板内大陆裂谷活动密切相关,代表一种非造山岩浆活动。该岩墙群富集大离子亲石元素(L IL E) ,略亏损高场强元素(HFSE) ,比较富集Cr、Ni,明显亏损Th。稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土略富集的右倾曲线。鲁西基性岩墙群的微量元素和稀土元素特征反映源区为略富集的地幔。从时空分布特征、构造特征、岩石化学相关性、岩浆源区和古构造应力场分析,鲁西基性岩墙群与燕辽—中条拗拉槽系有一定的成生联系。 相似文献
7.
华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区1.78Ga基性岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
幔源岩浆侵位产生的基性岩墙群是地壳伸展裂解的重要标志。华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区出露有大量的中元古代基性岩墙群,对其研究将有助于深入了解华北克拉通中元古代构造演化特征。其岩石类型以辉绿岩为主,少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩;主要造岩矿物为斜长石和单斜辉石,其它矿物包括角闪石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石、黑云母、碱性长石和石英。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为1785±18Ma,代表岩墙的结晶年龄。岩石K2O+Na2O含量为3.63%～6.18%,K2O/Na2O比值为0.73～1.38,FeOT含量较高(10.03%～13.59%),属于拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石的稀土元素含量高(142×10-6～381×10-6),亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,全岩εNd(t)值为-6.2～-8.1。岩墙的固结指数(SI)和MgO含量呈明显的正相关关系,说明幔源岩浆发生过明显的结晶分异作用。地球化学分析表明,研究区基性岩墙属于板内拉斑玄武岩系列,与熊耳群火山岩有相似的地球化学特征;基于两者紧密的产出关系,我们认为该区岩墙可能是熊耳群火山岩的通道岩墙,共同代表了华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后伸展事件。 相似文献
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兴蒙造山带中段北部晚古生代两期岩浆活动及其构造意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
兴蒙造山带位于中亚造山带东段,长期以来是地质学家研究的焦点区域。内蒙古巴彦乌拉地区位于兴蒙造山带中段北部苏尼特左旗以北,广泛出露晚古生代宝力格组火山—沉积地层和酸性侵入岩体。本文对阿尔善宝拉格附近的宝力格组中性火山岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩岩墙,及巴彦乌拉苏木南部花岗闪长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,定年结果显示,宝力格组火山岩年龄为310.5±0.78 Ma,与巴彦乌拉苏木北部地区火山岩年龄(307.1±6.3Ma,308.9±1.8Ma)一致,证明本区宝力格组地层形成于晚石炭世;花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩岩墙年龄分别为312.5±0.75 Ma和286.6±0.75 Ma,形成时代分别为晚石炭世和早二叠世;通过区域对比分析认为,兴蒙造山带北部晚古生代存在晚石炭世和早二叠世两期重要的岩浆活动,统计获得峰值年龄分别为318Ma和281Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示,本区晚石炭世宝力格组火山岩具有由低钾拉斑向钙碱性、碱性系列过渡的特征,并以钙碱性和碱性系列为主;早二叠世花岗斑岩为A型花岗岩,具有与邻区锡林浩特及巴彦乌拉—东乌珠穆沁旗带内A型花岗岩类似的地球化学特征;在花岗岩构造判别图中,花岗斑岩落入后造山区域,晚石炭世到早二叠世期间岩浆的形成环境向后造山环境逐渐演化,同时在SiO2和Na2O对K2O相关图解中,K2O含量具有增高变化的趋势,暗示构造环境有向更加稳定的板内环境演变的特征。因此,结合前人地质资料,兴蒙造山带北部晚古生代大量火山岩浆活动可能与二连—贺根山蛇绿混杂带形成有关,晚石炭世时期研究区处于后造山阶段,随着早二叠世大量A型花岗岩、碱性岩浆和双峰式火山岩的形成,该区进入造山后期更广泛的伸展环境。 相似文献
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内蒙古兴安盟杜尔基地区花岗岩位于大兴安岭中南段,大地构造位置上处于古亚洲洋构造域、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋构造域和滨西太平洋构造域的叠加部位。该区域集中保存了大量与造山事件有关的构造和岩浆记录,是研究大兴安岭地区造山过程、演化及后期造山作用叠加和改造的理想地区。杜尔基花岗岩主要由中细粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、二长花岗斑岩组成。从主量元素上看,杜尔基地区花岗岩属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,整体呈现高硅、高碱、过铝、低钙的特征。岩体中SiO_2含量大于72%,表现为高分异花岗岩的特征。黑云母是本地区花岗岩中主要的暗色矿物,P_2O_5与SiO_2呈现负相关性,这些特征指示杜尔基地区花岗岩具有Ⅰ型岩浆岩的特点。本文采用了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,对杜尔基地区花岗岩中的锆石进行U-Pb同位素测试。测试结果表明,位于杜尔基镇北侧中细粒二长花岗岩岩体的侵位年龄为(131.5±0.3)Ma;位于杜尔基镇中部的正长花岗岩体岩的侵位年龄为(213±1)Ma,其中并含有一定量的(238±2)Ma的年龄信息,为捕掳锆石,表明在正长花岗岩侵位之前可能还存在一期238 Ma的岩浆活动;位于杜尔基镇西侧的正长花岗岩岩体的侵位年龄为(131±1)Ma,其中含有一定量的(150±1)Ma的年龄信息,为捕掳锆石,表明在正长花岗岩侵位前存在一期较早的岩浆活动。可将杜尔基地区花岗岩岩浆活动划分为3期:中晚三叠世(213 Ma),晚侏罗世(150 Ma),早白垩世(130Ma)。杜尔基岩体所呈现的3期岩浆活动,均指示了一个拉张的构造背景,而缺少与俯冲相关的岩浆活动。从年龄上看,杜尔基岩体总体缺少早侏罗纪的岩浆活动,因而与其周边的孟恩陶勒盖锌铅银矿具有成因上的联系的可能性不大。 相似文献
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钦-杭结合带在中生代构造转折事件以前的板块构造机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
钦州湾—杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带,在演化成西太平洋活动大陆边缘之前,经历了多期次的构造-岩浆事件。扬子和华夏板块于新元古代通过四堡造山运动(1 000~880 Ma)沿江山—绍兴断裂,经赣东北、湘中至钦州湾地区发生碰撞-拼合事件,拼合界线大致位于钦州湾—杭州湾结合带内,形成"两陆夹一盆"的主要格局。后碰撞过程经历了造山后岩浆活动和大陆拉张裂解两个过程,在结合带形成广阔的拉张盆地,加里东期(460~410 Ma)以及印支期(250~200 Ma)发生的碰撞-拼合事件导致扬子和华夏地块多次再造,引发强烈的构造-岩浆活动,并形成了华南统一的沉积环境。受西太平洋板块俯冲影响,华南地区中生代构造转折事件(125~140 Ma)使华南地区主要构造背景由碰撞挤压调整为岩石圈减薄,成为华南最重要的岩浆活动和成矿期。根据内部结构的不均一性和演化历史差异,钦州湾—杭州湾结合带可分为北段、中段和南段3段。其中,中段与传统南岭大体一致;北段为南岭以北地区,即绍兴—江山—萍乡一带;南段为南岭以南地区,大致与云开隆起—十万大山盆地相当。年代学和地球化学研究显示,在云开地块西缘的一系列变质基性岩、超基性岩和变质基性火山岩形成于新元古代洋中脊(MORB)或者岛弧(ITA)特征的构造环境,最近在岑溪一带发现形成于加里东期(441 Ma)的变质火山岩同样具有MORB型地球化学特征。在十万大山两侧发现早中生代的酸性火山岩和流纹岩具有典型岛弧型火山岩地球化学特征。可见结合带南段曾经存在古老洋壳,先后经历了新元古代、加里东期和印支期的碰撞造山事件,与北段演化历史具有一致性。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献