河北省青龙满族自治县四拨子-六拨子钼铜矿床成矿流体及成矿机制探讨     

李强  孟祥元  武峰  王立生  张志欣  杨富全  刘锋 《岩石学报》2012,28(1):302-318

河北省青龙满族自治县四拨子-六拨子钼铜矿位于燕辽成矿带东部,是近年来发现的中型钼铜矿床。辉钼矿呈细脉状、网脉状、浸染状、薄膜状赋存于长城系石英砂岩及白云岩中的矽卡岩带,钼矿化与硅化关系密切。矿体呈似层状、脉状和透镜状。矿床的形成经历了矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期,铜和钼矿化主要形成于石英-硫化物期。研究表明,矽卡岩期矿物以发育液体包裹体为特征,石英-硫化物期石英中主要发育液体包裹体、含CO₂两相和三相包裹体。矽卡岩期成矿流体为高-中温(192~497℃)、中-低盐度(5.41%~16.53% NaCleqv)、中-低密度(0.59~0.92g/cm³)的NaCl-H₂O体系。石英-硫化物期成矿流体为中-低温(主要变化于160~330℃)、低盐度(2.07%~15.17% NaCleqv)和中低密度(0.69~1.01g/cm³)的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ (±CH₄/N₂)型流体。石英的δD_SMOW为-128‰~-80‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW值为9.6‰~14‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值为-3.61%~5.30‰,表明成矿流体具有岩浆水混合大气降水的特征。硫化物的δ³⁴S变化于-0.9‰~5.7‰,平均值为2.9‰,表明成矿物质中硫来自深部岩浆。成矿时代为早侏罗世早期,成矿作用与花岗斑岩岩浆期后热液活动有关。  相似文献   

南秦岭关子沟铅锌矿床成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据     

吴欢欢  黄河  高永宝  魏立勇  李志丹  张振  范堡程  孟五一  李国英 《矿床地质》2022,41(6):1200-1216

陕西旬阳盆地南缘是南秦岭中部重要的铅锌成矿带,带内发育一大批赋存在志留系中的铅锌矿床。为了进一步厘清区域内铅锌成矿的物质来源和成因机制,文章选取区内典型的关子沟铅锌矿床开展流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素研究。关子沟铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状赋存于双河镇组二段和三段千枚岩地层中,根据矿物组构和穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ阶段）和石英-碳酸盐（Ⅲ阶段）。其中,Ⅱ阶段原生流体包裹体均一温度为215~393℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.2‰~10.1‰; Ⅲ阶段均一温度为124~255℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.8‰~6.6‰,具有中高温、中低盐度的成矿流体特征。石英H-O同位素结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为6‰~10.9‰,δD值为-82.9‰~-73.6‰）显示成矿流体主要为海水和有机水,伴有大气降水的混合。原位S同位素显示硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为4.63‰~8.73‰,暗示主要硫化物的S源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原,志留系黑色岩系中的有机质提供了还原剂。矿石硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.8254~17.9470,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.6233~15.6396,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1706~38.3143,指示Pb主要源于沉积盖层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及H、O、S、Pb同位素特征,认为关子沟矿床为热水沉积成因,志留系裂陷盆地内热水沉积作用控制着铅锌成矿过程。  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰两棵树铁矿流体包裹体及氢氧同位素特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

耿新霞  姜丽萍  柴凤梅  杜佳术  李彦  高文娟  刘锋  吕书君 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):340-347

新疆两棵树铁矿位于阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地,矿床赋存于中-上泥盆统阿勒泰镇组片岩与二长花岗岩接触带的伟晶岩中。本文对矿石中石英流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,结果显示包裹体类型以液体包裹体为主,流体的均一温度变化于156~367℃,主要集中于210~250℃,成矿流体盐度w(NaCl_eq)为0.18%~18.72,密度为0.80~0.95 g/cm³,表明成矿流体属中温度、低盐度、中低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。石英的δD_SMOW为-110‰~-76‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW为5.3‰~7.9‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O为1.03‰~1.07‰,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水,混合大气降水; 成矿时代为中泥盆世(约377 Ma),成矿作用与二长花岗岩的侵入有关; 温度和压力的降低、流体混合、水岩反应等在铁成矿过程中起着主导作用。  相似文献   

广西贵港新民铜多金属矿床成矿机制研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈港  陈懋弘  李杨林  王昱  吴启强 《矿床地质》2022,41(3):506-526

广西贵港新民铜多金属矿床位于大平天山岩体的南东边缘,是大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统的重要组成部分。矿床以切层产出的热液脉型矿体为主,顺层的层状矽卡岩型矿体为辅。系统的野外测量和研究表明,脉状矿体形态简单,主要受控于近直立的北北西向断层;层状矽卡岩型矿体主要受围岩地层中的灰岩夹层控制。为查明成矿流体的类型、性质、演化特征及成矿物质来源,文章对石英流体包裹体进行了系统的显微测温、成分及HO-S同位素测试分析,在此基础上,探讨了矿床成矿机制,并进一步完善了大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统。研究结果表明,新民铜多金属矿床可以分为以下4个成矿阶段：矽卡岩阶段、早期金属硫化物阶段、晚期金属硫化物阶段、方解石-石英脉阶段。矽卡岩阶段均一温度为398~286℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=13.0%~6.2%;早期金属硫化物阶段均一温度为374~163℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=9.3~4.3%;晚期金属硫化物阶段均一温度为340~151℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=8.0%~2.6%;方解石-石英脉阶段均一温度为298~150℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）=5.4%~1.6%。主成矿阶段（早期和晚期金属硫化物阶段）成矿流体以高中温、中盐度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂±N₂体系为主,流体沸腾和流体混合是矿质沉淀的主要原因。H-O同位素组成（δD值介于－86‰~－64‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于0.33‰~7.47‰）显示成矿流体与岩浆热液有关,且后期有大气降水混入。硫化物的δ³⁴S值介于－1.4‰~2.6‰,推测硫源与晚白垩世岩浆-热液系统有关。新民铜多金属矿床为晚白垩世区域岩石圈减薄、伸展环境下形成的岩浆热液充填交代矿床,并与邻区的Au-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag矿床共同构成了大平天山岩浆热液成矿系统。  相似文献   

滇西保山地块金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床成矿机制——基于流体包裹体和硫、铅同位素证据     

李振焕  李文昌  刘学龙  罗应  申颖  刘思晗  陈建航 《矿床地质》2020,39(6):995-1014

滇西金厂河铁铜铅锌多金属矿床位于保山地块北部，是西南"三江"成矿带内已知的大中型矽卡岩型矿床之一，具较高的经济价值及重要科研意义。文章在详细野外地质调查和岩相学观察基础上，对不同成矿阶段、特别是含子矿物的流体包裹体进行了研究，同时结合金厂河矿床S、Pb同位素特征，综合分析金厂河矿床成矿流体和物质的来源与演化，探讨矿床的形成机制。对石英内流体包裹体的研究表明，退化蚀变阶段均一温度为165~335℃，盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.1%~9.0%；石英硫化物阶段均一温度为151~266℃，WL型包体盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.9%~18.9%，S型包体盐度w（NaCl_eq）为31.9%~33.5%；碳酸盐阶段均一温度为148~250℃，盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.6%~9.9%，各阶段均一温度依次降低，盐度先升高，再降低。拉曼光谱分析显示，流体成分为H₂O和极少量N₂，新发现了子矿物斑铜矿（Cu₅FeS₄），流体属H₂O-NaCl体系。S、Pb同位素特征对比研究表明，金厂河矿床各成矿阶段内硫同位素分馏已达平衡状态，矿石硫化物的δ³⁴S值能代表成矿流体的S同位素组成，用来限定其氧化-还原环境，δ³⁴S值为+2.5‰~+11.1‰、均值+5.65‰，硫源为深部幔源岩浆硫和地层硫构成的混合硫；Pb同位素硫化物组成显示，富铀铅、略亏损钍铅，铅源以上地壳铅为主，另含有少量深部壳源乃至幔源岩浆铅，属造山带铅特征，且与S同位素研究成果基本一致。综合研究认为，成矿系统氧化-还原环境的变化及流体沸腾作用的发生是主要的成矿机制。  相似文献   

云南个旧卡房矿田锡-铜矿床成矿作用过程探讨:成矿流体约束   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张娟  毛景文  程彦博  李肖龙 《岩石学报》2012,28(1):166-182

云南个旧是世界上最大的锡多金属矿区,卡房矿田是其中一个主要的铜矿区。卡房铜矿主要的矿床类型有:变玄武岩型层状铜矿和接触带型铜矿,本文主要对前者进行了流体包裹体测试及同位素地球化学分析,并对比研究了接触带型铜矿的同位素地球化学特征。流体包裹体研究显示,卡房矿田变玄武岩型层状铜矿的成矿流体,属于岩浆流体体系演化的一部分,成矿作用分为三个阶段:石英-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-方解石-黄铜矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱa)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅱb)。从Ⅰ-Ⅱa-Ⅱb成矿流体的温度(平均从363.9℃至283.2℃至185.0℃)显著降低,流体盐度(平均从20.18% NaCleqv至12.59% NaCleqv至11.97% NaCleqv)缓慢降低,流体密度(平均从0.854g/cm³至0.863g/cm³至1.001g/cm³)基本不变。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的挥发份主要为H₂O及少量CH₄,液相中主要成分为H₂O及少量CO^2-₃。氢、氧同位素研究(δD_H2O值介于-98‰~-79‰;δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于-0.82‰~7.09‰)显示,成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,在成矿流体上升过程中与地层中的大气降水相混合。硫同位素分析结果表明,卡房矿田变玄武岩型铜矿中硫化物的硫(δ³⁴S值介于-0.86‰~3.8‰)来源于三叠纪变玄武岩,而花岗岩浆和变玄武岩共同为卡房接触带型铜矿(δ³⁴S值介于-3.2‰~6.2‰)提供了成矿所需的大部分硫。  相似文献   

云南哀牢山老王寨大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

梁业恒  孙晓明  石贵勇  胡北铭  周峰  韦慧晓  莫儒伟 《岩石学报》2011,27(9):2533-2540

云南哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期金矿带,而老王寨是其中最大的金矿。流体包裹体研究显示:老王寨金矿含金石英脉中流体包裹体类型主要为NaCl-H₂O型和CO₂-H₂O型,其均一温度为102~302℃, 峰值为160~180℃;流体盐度范围变化较大,介于2.5%~12.9% NaCleqv之间,峰值为6.0%~7.5% NaCleqv,显示老王寨成矿流体具有中低盐度和中低温度的特征。 氢氧同位素测定显示成矿流体δD_H2O=-115‰~-90‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O=5.2‰~6.8‰,显示其组成主要为岩浆水,可能与有机沉积物发生过同位素交换。流体包裹体碳同位素组成(δ¹³C为-6.5‰~-3.9‰)基本落在幔源碳变化范围之内,说明其中CO₂可能来自地壳深部,甚至上地幔。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出老王寨金矿为喜马拉雅期造山型金矿。  相似文献   

造山型金矿成矿流体来源与演化的氢-氧同位素示踪：夹皮沟金矿带例析   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  

杨利亚  杨立强  袁万明  张闯  赵凯  于海军 《岩石学报》2013,29(11):4025-4035

在详细的矿床地质研究和成矿阶段划分基础上,系统采集了距夹皮沟断裂带100~3622m的6个金矿床不同成矿阶段的20件矿石样品,进行了氢、氧同位素测试。距夹皮沟断裂带由近及远,各金矿床的氢、氧同位素组成分别为:北沟(100~172m,δD=-97‰~-90‰,δ18O_w=-3.26‰~5.49‰)、二道沟(820~830m,δD=-95‰~-94‰,δ18O_w=-4.58‰~-0.50‰)、三道岔(1385~1412m,δD=-97‰~-91‰,δ18O_w=-3.58‰~-1.39‰)、四道岔(2776~2802m,δD=-99‰~-80‰,δ18O_w=0.75‰~4.69‰)、八家子(3400m,δD=-102‰,δ18O_w=0.22‰)、夹皮沟本区(3595~3622m,δD=-108‰~-92‰,δ18O_w=2.91‰~5.39‰)。成矿早、主、晚阶段δD、δ18O_w和W/R值分别为-97‰~-80‰、3.99‰~5.49‰和约0.1;-108‰~-90‰、-3.26‰~4.71‰和0.1~0.5;-97‰~-91‰、-4.58‰~-2.68‰和0.01~0.1。反映金矿早阶段成矿流体以变质水为主体,混入有少量岩浆水,W/R值较小;主阶段成矿流体为变质水和大气降水的混合,W/R值显著增大,氢、氧同位素和W/R值具有明显的空间不均一特征(成矿流体隧道式流动):前者与距夹皮沟断裂带的距离正相关、后两者负相关,而它们与各金矿床已探明资源量的相关性相反,可能表征了成矿系统有效流体压力对W/R值和金沉淀成矿的控制作用;晚阶段大气降水大量加入,成矿流体弥散式的流动机制引起大面积同位素均一化,W/R值最小。据此推断,氧同位素低值区与氢同位素和W/R高值区(尤其是它们的显著变化区)的套合部位是金大规模沉淀聚集的最有利地段暨找矿勘查的重要选区。  相似文献   

桂西隆或金矿床流体包裹体与C-H-O-He-Ar同位素对成矿流体来源的制约     

安鹏  陈懋弘  孔志岗  陈港  王昱 《矿床地质》2023,42(5):907-926

广西隆或金矿床位于右江盆地隆或孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部,为一产于C/D不整合面上的层状卡林型矿床。为了查明隆或金矿的成矿流体来源,探讨矿床成因,本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察,对不同成矿阶段石英、方解石进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温及C-H-O-He-Ar同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示,石英、方解石中主要发育富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体,含有少量CO₂三相包裹体。其中石英中包裹体均一温度集中在170.4~282.6℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.57%~8.41%,密度为0.774~0.938 g/cm³;方解石中包裹体的均一温度集中在178.5~237℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.9%~7.17%,密度为0.845~0.935 g/cm³,为中低温、低盐度、低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。通过计算得出成矿流体的成矿压力为45.83~74.17 MPa,成矿深度为1.611~2.472 km。石英的δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为25.5‰~28.7‰,对应的δ¹⁸O_H2O为14.10‰~17.18‰,δDV-SMOW值为-79‰~-51‰,两个阶段石英H、O同位素投点虽位于变质水区域及附近,但Ⅱ阶段石英具有向岩浆水漂移的趋势。方解石的δ¹³C_PDB集中在-6.5‰~-4.6‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW分布在19.9‰~21.1‰,其投点靠近海相碳酸盐岩区域,表明方解石的形成主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。石英包裹体中³He/⁴He的值为0.351~0.744 Ra,位于地幔氦和地壳氦之间,幔源He （%）值为5.11%~11.17%,说明地壳流体占主导地位;方解石中³He/⁴He值为0.038~0.073 Ra,位于地壳氦附近。石英、方解石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为303.1~436.4,经计算得成矿流体中大气⁴⁰Ar贡献介于67.71%~97.49%,表明了成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特征,并且有大量大气水的参与。综上分析,文章推测隆或金矿床中原始成矿流体来自深部岩浆流体,原始成矿流体在上升过程中与盆地建造水发生混合,形成了多流体混合的成矿流体,并且随着成矿的进行,大量的大气降水或地下水的渗入。结合构造环境、矿化蚀变等特征,文章认为隆或金矿床为中低温低压浅成热液卡林型金矿床。  相似文献   

小秦岭东桐峪金矿床的流体包裹体研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴晓贵  徐九华  魏浩  林龙华  张国瑞  惠德锋  董华芳 《矿床地质》2012,31(2):195-206

东桐峪金矿床位于小秦岭金矿田的中西部,其含金石英脉受韧性剪切构造带的控制。该矿床的构造-成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ黄铁矿-乳白色石英脉阶段;Ⅱ灰白色石英-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅲ石英-多金属硫化物阶段;Ⅳ石英-碳酸盐阶段。相对于小秦岭地区的其他金矿床,东桐峪金矿床的流体包裹体研究资料相对缺乏。文章表明,该矿床内的流体包裹体类型主要为CO₂-H₂O包裹体和水溶液包裹体,见少量纯液相CO₂包裹体。显微测温表明,Ⅰ阶段的构造-成矿流体以中温、富CO₂等挥发分为特征,包裹体均一温度为221~392℃,盐度w(NaCl_eq)为5.5%~7.9%,密度为0.84~0.93 g/cm³;Ⅱ阶段和Ⅲ阶段以CO₂-H₂O±CH₄流体为主,包裹体均一温度为205~350℃(Ⅱ阶段)和224~271℃(Ⅲ阶段),盐度w(NaCl_eq)集中于5.1%~7.1%,密度为0.83~0.96 g/cm³;Ⅳ阶段的流体演化为中-低温、低盐度的盐水溶液体系,包裹体均一温度为175~185℃。文章对该矿床各成矿阶段的压力进行了估算,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段的流体最小捕获压力分别为123~160 MPa、160~170 MPa、170 MPa左右。  相似文献   

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites     

S. Viswanathan  K. Surya Prakash Rao  B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits     

E. M. Prasolov  S. A. Sergeev  B. V. Belyatsky  E. S. Bogomolov  K. A. Gruzdov  I. N. Kapitonov  R. Sh. Krymsky  V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定     

肖德明  甘璇玑  卜正才 《铀矿地质》1986,(4)

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌     

奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李国会  刘德慧  苏幼銮 《物探与化探》1986,10(1):60-65

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow     

Habib Alehossein   《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(1):11-19

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses     

Alexander  E. C.  Broberg  J. S.  Kehren  A. R.  Graziani  M. M.  Turri  W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

杨建平金振民  欧新功徐海军 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):427-437

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

Marine geotechnics,H. G. Poulos,Unwin Hyman,London, Boston,Sydney, Wellington     

M. Budhu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1989,13(6):675-675

  相似文献   

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harvey E. Belkin  Harold M. Sparck 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(2):106-110

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献