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新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
新疆准噶尔地区也布山、庙儿沟两个晚古生代后碰撞准铝一过铝质花岗岩体中，广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体。岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，包体与其寄主岩存在明显的亲缘关系。东准噶尔也布山黑云母花岗岩体中的暗色微粒包体与寄主岩有相似的地球化学成分，表明它是与寄主花岗岩相同成因的同源包体，是来自上地幔的基性岩浆经过高度演化、结晶分异的产物；西准噶尔庙儿沟二长花岗岩体中含钾长石斑晶的微粒包体则主要是由幔源的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的残余体，被酸性岩浆携带并发生成分上的同化和混染，最后在上地壳侵位的产物。同准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样，载荷包体的准铝一过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造一岩浆活动的岩石类型之一，其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。 相似文献
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东准库布苏南岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,库布苏南花岗闪长岩形成时代为(287±2)Ma,MSWD=0.15,包体年龄为(286±3)Ma,MSWl3=0.22,两者在误差范围内完全一致,表明花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体是同时代形成的.包体是岩浆混合作用的产物.是过冷的镁铁质岩浆混入到中酸性岩浆中经快速冷凝的结果.在岩浆混合过程中,基性的包体岩浆和中酸性的寄主岩浆通过化学扩散发生成分交换,使包体受到了花岗闪长质岩浆的改造和同化.这可能就是库布苏南花岗闪长岩及其包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄相同的原因所在.库布苏南花岗闪长岩形成的时代属于东准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动的范围330～265Ma,略晚于东准噶尔乌伦古河碱性花岗岩和卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩的形成时代(300 Ma左右),均为准噶尔周边地区后碰撞岩浆活动的产物,其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程. 相似文献
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东准库布苏南岩体和包体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示, 库布苏南花岗闪长岩形成时代为287±2 Ma, MSWD=0.15, 包体年龄为286±3 Ma, MSWD=0.22, 在误差范围内完全一致, 这就排除了暗色包体是来源于深部变质岩熔融残留体或浅部围岩捕虏体的可能性, 同时也排除了基性岩浆在花岗质岩浆固结后才侵入的可能, 为岩浆混合作用的存在提供最有力的证据.地球化学研究表明, 包体富集基性组分Ti、Zr、Nb、Hf等高场强元素以及稀土元素, 包体表现为与寄主岩石既相互联系又受其制约, 库布苏南花岗闪长岩体具有低87Sr/86Sr初始比值和高正εNd(t)值, 表明花岗岩的来源有地幔物质参与, 包体是过冷的镁铁质岩浆混入到中酸性岩浆中经快速冷凝的结果.库布苏南花岗闪长岩形成的时代略晚于东准噶尔乌伦古河碱性花岗岩和卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩的形成时代(300 Ma左右), 均为准噶尔周边地区后碰撞伸展构造背景下岩浆活动的产物, 其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程. 相似文献
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新疆东准噶尔二台北花岗岩体和包体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：7
高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,二台北花岗闪长岩的形成时代为299.3±8.7Ma,代表了岩浆侵入到上地壳的年龄;其中所含的暗色微粒包体形成时代为301.5±6.6Ma,与寄主岩石的时代在误差范围内完全相同。结合野外、岩相学和主量、微量元素地球化学特征分析,偏基性的暗色微粒闪长质包体与寄主花岗闪长质岩浆并非有直接成因联系,包体可能是由过冷的镁铁质岩浆混入到花岗闪长质岩浆中发生快速冷凝,然后被花岗闪长质岩浆携带、侵入到上地壳中形成的。因此,花岗闪长岩及其包体才能够具有相同的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄。二台北岩体与东准噶尔广泛分布的以碱性花岗岩为代表的后碰撞花岗岩具有相同的形成时代,乌伦古-斋桑泊断裂北侧的花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩等和断裂南侧的碱性花岗岩、钾长花岗岩等的形成时代非常相近,应该是同一期岩浆活动的产物,无法区分出先后顺序。而这些岩体普遍具有低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值和正的ε_(Nd)(t)值,表明它们都是新疆北部晚古生代幔源岩浆活动的产物,它们的形成和演化提供了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长过程的信息。 相似文献
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东昆仑哈拉尕吐岩浆混合花岗岩：来自锆石 U-Pb年代学的证据 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
东昆仑造山带东部哈拉尕吐花岗闪长岩体中发育了较多的暗色闪长质微粒包体。通过详细的野外地质调查和岩石学研究及LAICPMS锆石 UPb定年,得到寄主岩形成年龄为（255.3±3.6）Ma,暗色包体形成时代为（252.9±2.5）Ma,二者年龄基本一致,从而排除了暗色微粒包体为捕虏体或源区难熔残余物质的可能性,也排除了花岗质岩浆固结后基性岩浆侵入的可能性。这一结果从年代学的角度证明了哈拉尕吐花岗闪长岩体是晚二叠世岩浆混合作用的产物。寄主岩石花岗闪长岩是混合时的酸性端员,而暗色闪长质微粒包体则是岩浆混合时未混合完全的残余基性部分。晚二叠世时,阿尼玛卿洋向北俯冲,在区域挤压应力环境下发生幔源岩浆底侵作用,壳幔物质相互混合,形成岩浆混合花岗质的岩浆房并向上侵入形成哈拉尕吐岩体。 相似文献
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香加南山花岗岩基位于东昆仑造山带东段,岩基主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体为香加南山岩基的重要组成部分。香加南山花岗岩基含大量暗色微粒包体,包体中捕掳晶丰富。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体寄主岩中斜长石和暗色微粒包体中捕掳晶斜长石具正常环带,An值震荡变化,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较低,具壳源特征;暗色微粒包体中基质斜长石具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较高,具幔源特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩、暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩的结晶年龄分别为251.0±1.9Ma、252.8±3.0Ma和221.4±3.3Ma。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具较低的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值;从千瓦大桥到加鲁河花岗闪长岩呈现出由准铝质中钾钙碱性系列向准铝-弱过铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列演化;暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩轻重稀土元素分异程度相对较低,具较高的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩分别为古特提斯演化俯冲阶段和后碰撞阶段幔源岩浆底侵新生地壳使其部分熔融产物。镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆的混合作用形成了暗色微粒包体。岩浆混合过程中,如果岩浆不完全混合,混合岩浆中混入物质除了长英质岩浆的残留岩浆和捕掳晶,还应该有镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆之间的元素梯度差导致的物质扩散;如果岩浆为近完全混合,混合岩浆近似为镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆以一定比例二元混合。东昆仑东段晚古生代-早中生代幔源岩浆对花岗质岩浆的影响是一个持续的过程,从俯冲阶段早期流体交代地幔熔融,到俯冲阶段后期板片断离,然后同碰撞阶段板片断离的持续影响,再到后碰撞阶段加厚地壳的拆沉作用,由于地球动力学体制不同,导致幔源岩浆影响的大小和特征不同。 相似文献
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西准噶尔地区晚古生代岩浆活动强烈,在达尔布特构造带形成带状展布的花岗岩带。近年来,对该区域大岩基研究较多,而对区域内小岩体的研究较为局限,主要集中在包古图一带成矿斑岩上。都伦河东岩体位于西准噶尔扎依尔山阔依塔斯地区,其寄主岩石主要为一套中粒石英闪长岩、中粗粒花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩组合。于其中新发现丰富的镁铁质微粒包体,通过对暗色包体的野外展布特征、岩石学等特征研究,确定其为岩浆混合成因,是高温的幔源基性岩浆和温度相对较低的壳源酸性岩浆混合作用的产物,这一认识为探讨都伦河东岩体的成因及壳-幔岩浆的混合作用提供了重要的佐证,对于西准噶尔地区花岗岩类的成因类型和多样性的研究也具有区域性意义。 相似文献
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湖南骑田岭花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学与壳幔岩浆的混合作用 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
骑田岭岩体是南岭地区燕山早期具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩典型代表。其主体岩性为角闪黑云二长花岗岩和(角闪石)黑云正长花岗岩,其中发育暗色微粒包体和由暗色矿物组成的团块或条带。暗色微粒包体具有岩浆混合的大部分岩相学证据。如包体的浑圆状外形、塑性形变、冷凝边、斜长石An的“双峰式”分布、似环斑长石、针状磷灰石等。包体属于准铝质(A/KNC=0.72～1.00,平均0.85)钾玄岩系列岩石,寄主岩石为准铝或弱过铝质(A/KNC=0.89～1.06,平均0.97)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石。二者在主量和微量元素上表现出岩浆混合成因的演化趋势。包体与寄主岩石的同位素组成具趋同性,它们的ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.71041～0.71263、-6.9～-5.3和0.70854～0.71416、-9.2～-5.1,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。包体K-Ar年龄为152Ma,与其寄主岩石的形成年龄(155～161Ma)接近,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世早期。对包体及其寄主岩石产出的构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明,该岩体中的暗色微粒包体是在伸展作用的大地构造背景下,上涌的幔源基性岩浆及其诱发的长英质酸性岩浆混合作用的产物。 相似文献
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粤西阳江市八二花岗质岩体中广泛发育似斑状细粒闪长质暗色微粒包体，这些暗色微粒包体形态多样，与寄主岩具相似的矿物组合，对研究花岗岩成因和壳-幔相互作用具有十分重要的意义.为了探讨它们的岩石成因及构造属性，对寄主岩和暗色微粒包体开展了系统的岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，寄主岩年龄为160.0±1.0 Ma，暗色微粒包体年龄为159.3±1.1 Ma，均为晚侏罗世的产物.全岩地球化学特征显示，寄主岩属于富钾的准铝质I型花岗岩，寄主岩和暗色微粒包体均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素，亏损重稀土元素和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素.此外，两者具相似的Sr-Nd同位素组成，寄主岩的εNd（t）值为-5.73~-5.67，（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.707 63~0.707 67；而暗色微粒包体的εNd（t）值为-5.81~-4.35，（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.707 04~0.707 74.锆石饱和温度计和角闪石全铝压力计表明八二花岗质岩体结晶于730~754℃和19.8~20.6 km.综合寄主岩及其暗色微粒包体的岩石学、地球化学、同位素特征，晚侏罗世八二花岗质岩体可能形成于陆内伸展背景，由于软流圈物质上涌底侵，导致中下地壳变基性岩为主的源岩部分熔融，并且源区有少量幔源物质的加入，局部可能存在岩浆混合作用；暗色微粒包体是由镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆混合形成的. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献