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1.
泉按照出露原因通常可以分为侵蚀泉、接触泉、溢流泉（溢出泉）和断层泉等。根据泉眼和地下水循环深度（或径流位置）的相对关系,泉可以分为表层泉、浅循环泉和深循环泉。地下水在地下流动(循环)的最深处仍然高于泉口,这类泉称为浅循环泉。浅循环泉出露的位置并不在地形最低处,其补给来源主要是大气降水入渗,地下水受到重力作用自高处往低处流动,在地下径流的途径短、时间短,流量一般不大。浅循环泉通常是常温泉、淡水泉（也有咸泉和盐泉）,多是常年性泉,也有部分是季节性泉或暂时性泉。广西北竂岭北坡泉和云南顺荡井盐泉是典型的浅循环泉。 相似文献
2.
晋祠泉和兰村泉是山西著名的岩溶大泉,受自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,两个泉于20世纪末相继断流。针对山西省政府提出的要使晋祠、兰村泉水复流的生态修复目标任务,文章在泉域水文地质调查基础上,就泉水复流密切相关的四个关键性岩溶水文地质条件问题开展研究并提出了新认识。核实了目前划定的晋祠—兰村泉域边界,依据最新资料对现行的晋祠、兰村泉域边界提出了7处修正,修改后晋祠泉域面积由2 030 km2变为2 713 km2,兰村泉域面积由2 500 km2变为2 614 km2。汾河二库在蓄水后库区的主体部分划归到晋祠泉域而非兰村泉域,其渗漏补给是造成近年来晋祠泉域区域岩溶地下水位大幅回升的主要原因。确定了晋祠泉域内盘道—马家山断裂带是一个岩溶水强富水带,也是岩溶地下水从北部中、上寒武统含水岩组向南部中奥陶统含水岩组的转换带。圈定了晋祠泉域:玉门河南峪村—杜儿平煤矿东侧—官地矿与白家庄矿交界处—龙山—明仙村东—晋祠泉的岩溶地下水强径流带。这些认识是开展晋祠—兰村泉域岩溶地下水资源评价、地下水开发管理和保护的基础,更是制定晋祠、兰村泉水复流方案的重要依据。 相似文献
3.
岩溶大泉是中国北方岩溶地下水的主要天然排泄形式，它们集供水、旅游、生态等功能于一体，是重要的自然资源。自20世纪后期，受自然、特别是人类大规模开发、采煤等活动的影响，有近30%的岩溶大泉断流，其中不乏中外闻名的大泉。十七大以来，各地政府积极响应党中央国务院加强生态文明建设的号召，启动了一些重要断流岩溶大泉复流的生态修复工程。本文根据北方断流岩溶大泉的结构模式与成因，提出了包括利用上游水库蓄水、调节渗漏段河水流量、在河流渗漏段实施人工增补工程、在岩溶地下水强径流带和排泄区采取关井压采、封堵泉口下游自流井、对煤矿带压区进行监控、补给区分区植树造林措施的复流模式；以山西太原晋祠泉为实例，在对各项复流措施效果进行定量优化评价的基础上，得出抬高汾河二库水位至设计标高、关闭岩溶地下水强径流带内白家庄煤矿降压排水井、封堵处置泉口下游自流井是近期经济可行的有效措施的结论；最后利用建立的泉域地下水渗流数值模型，预测实施三项近期措施后，晋祠泉水可望在2年左右的时间实现复流，该结论以期为晋祠泉及北方岩溶区其他同类型岩溶泉水生态复流工作提供示范与参考。 相似文献
4.
Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper presents the results of radon measurements in springs of the Himalayan region by using radon emanometry technique.
The radon was measured in different springs, draining from different geohydrological setups, and from stream water in order
to find the geohydrological control over radon concentration in groundwater emanating in the form of spring. The radon values
were found to vary from 0.4 Bq/l to 887 Bq/l, being observed lowest for a turbulent stream and highest for the spring. The
radon values were recorded highest in the springs draining through gneiss, granite, mylonite, etc. Radon concentrations have
been related with four spring types viz. fracture-joint related spring, fault-lineament related spring, fluvial related spring
and colluvial related spring, showing geohydrological characteristics of the rocks through which they are emanating. The high
radon concentration in fracture-joint and fault-lineament spring is related to increased ratio of rock surface area to water
volume and uranium mineralisation in the shear zones present in the close vicinity of fault and thrust. The low concentration
of radon in fluvial and colluvial springs is possibly because of high transmissivity and turbulent flow within such deposits
leading to natural de-emanation of gases.
Received: 6 January 1998 · Accepted 11 May 1999 相似文献
5.
ZHOU Xun WANG Xiao-cui CAO Qin LONG Mi ZHENG Yu-hui GUO Juan SHEN Xiao-wei ZHANG Yu-qi TA Ming-ming CUI Xiang-fei 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(4):279-283
Based on their genesis, springs are commonly classified as depression spring, contact spring, overflow spring and fault spring, etc. In addition, a kind of springs, i.e., up-flow spring, can be found in the field. An aquifer is overlain by poorly-permeable unconsolidated sediments or relatively impervious formations. If the hydraulic head of the aquifer is higher than the land surface, groundwater may flow up to the ground surface through the local portion of the overlying aquicludes where the permeability is relatively good, and emerges as an up-flow spring. The common characteristics of an up-flow spring are discussed and summarized in this paper, and some examples of the up-flow springs are also given. Up-flow springs can flow up through local permeable zones in the overlying aquicludes rather than permeable faults. Although they cannot be found as frequently as depression springs, contact springs, overflow springs and fault springs etc., yet up-flow springs may occur in the form of normal-temperature springs, hot springs and salt springs. 相似文献
6.
济南市岩溶泉域地下水化学特征与水环境演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析山东省济南市趵突泉泉域的岩溶地下水水化学特征与水环境,揭示各化学指标的区域分布特征、时间变化特征以及相互转化关系,总结出济南地区地下水环境现状与演化规律。结果表明:济南市岩溶地下水水化学类型自东南向西北沿流场方向为:HCO3?SO4-Ca→HCO3?SO4-Ca?Mg→HCO3-Ca→HCO3-Ca?Mg;地下水NO〖_3^-〗-N浓度总体呈增高趋势,总硬度和TDS浓度较高,农业种植区大量使用化肥农药和企业污染物的排放,是引起济南市岩溶地下水水环境问题的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
Karst hydrogeology and origin of thermal waters in the Codru Moma Mountains, Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Two karst areas within Permian and Triassic carbonate rocks of the Codru Moma Mountains in the northwestern part of Romania
yield thermal waters. Major karst springs occur where groundwater flow is intercepted by hydraulic barriers, which also results
in the movement of water from deeper levels. At Moneasa, thermal groundwater rises along faults and fractures associated with
a thrust, and at Vascau Town, water rises along faults marginal to the Beius Basin. Geochemistry suggests that the thermal
component of the Moneasa groundwaters is derived from dolomites and that at least a proportion of the Vascau thermal waters
originates from deeply buried Permian sandstones.
Received, August 1999 / Revised, March 2000 / Accepted, March 2000 相似文献
8.
从化温泉位于广州东北部,出露于燕山期花岗岩地区,位于北东向广州-从化断裂带北东段;热水中阳离子以K+、Na+、Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO-3为主,水化学类型为HCO3-Na及HCO3-Na·Ca型。利用NETPATH程序对泉区热水进行水化学模拟,发现从化温泉各泉点的水化学特征相似,径流过程中发生的化学反应也相似;从初始水点到终端水点,发生的各种反应交换量很低;在径流过程中各矿物的净反应可能为钾长石、高岭石、赤铁矿、萤石沉淀,CO2、斜长石、黑云母溶解;SiO2的溶解/沉淀在各泉点不同;径流过程中发生了Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+离子交换作用。 相似文献
9.
济南泉域边界条件、水循环特征及水环境问题 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
济南泉域是市区泉水的汇流及蓄水范围,在其北部城区中心地带出露趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭和珍珠泉四大泉群。为更好地保护和利用济南泉域内岩溶地下水,文章对济南泉域的边界条件、岩溶主径流通道、地下水循环特征及水质变化几个敏感问题进行探讨。利用泉群流量相关分析、流场特征分析、回灌补源分析及自备井调查等手段,重新界定了济南泉域的东边界,将其北部透水段向东扩展至原边界以东约4 km。通过对钻孔岩溶分层统计及缓冲区分析,在山前地带沿党家庄－十六里河－千佛山断裂泉城公园方向地下埋深100~150 m发现一条补给四大泉群的岩溶地下水集中径流带。研究发现,五龙潭和珍珠泉以深循环为主,补给主要来自岩溶地下水,而趵突泉和黑虎泉同时受深循环和浅循环影响较大,趵突泉主要补给来自西部和南部岩溶地下水和地表水,除此以外黑虎泉在东南方向上还有一定量的岩溶地下水补给。目前岩溶水水质变差,南部岩溶裸露区,尤其水库河道周边地带,生态环境亟待治理。 相似文献
10.
In the southern part of the Slovensky Kras Mountains, located on the Hungarian–Slovakian border, a transboundary karstic aquifer
Dolny vrch/Alsóhegy underlies the structure and discharges groundwater flow to 15 major karst springs around its margin. Hydrograph
recession curves from nine-gauged springs on the Slovak part of the aquifer were analysed, and for each individual spring,
depletion hydrograph equations were classified into different categories based on recessional parameters quantitatively describing
individual groundwater flow sub–regimes. Discharge depletion was used to create recessional equations, and these were linked
to karstification degree, a qualitative scale ranging from 1 to 10. A new application of hydrograph separation was based on
examining and combining pairs of springs that likely fit into the category of overflow/underflow springs for a single groundwater
reservoir. Recession-curve analysis performed on coupled discharges of two pairs of neighbouring springs was conducted to
examine their possible linkage as a single groundwater reservoir, with an overflow outlet and underflow outlet. In the process
of discharge coupling, discharges of the springs, hypothesized to be branches of the same source and observed at the same
time were simply added together. By analyzing the resulting new time series, a new classification of sub-regimes could be
generated. Surprisingly, new facts were revealed about the overflow/underflow springs, which primarily were not recognized
previously as being connected components of a single groundwater reservoir. Summations of combined overflow/underflow discharge
volumes of a single spring reservoir led to discovery of apparent presence of turbulent flow sub-regimes on the coupled recession
curve. Presence of possible overflow/underflow springs of a single groundwater basin should be considered during hydrograph
analyses if the springs have attributes that suggest they may be part of a combined flow system. Treating these springs as
separate entities as a result can produce significant misinterpretation of drainage parameters. Furthermore, identification
of overflow branches facilitates the generation of new research ideas for further speleological investigations nearby, and
for assessing the system in a more effective manner. 相似文献
12.
应用地下水模拟软件GMS建立山东济南明水泉域的三维地下水流数值模拟模型,对泉域内岩溶地下水进行数值模拟和水平衡分析,评价了泉域岩溶地下水资源总量和在保持泉水常年喷涌条件下的岩溶地下水可采资源量。在此基础上,应用时间序列分析法对泉水水位动态进行了预测。结果表明:明水泉域多年（2003-2014年）地下水补给量为1.23×108 m3·a-1,排泄量为1.36×108 m3·a-1,均衡差为-1.30×108 m3·a-1;模型预测未来20年泉水最低水位为55.65 m,最高水位为68.72 m,平均泉流量为34.6×104 m3·d-1。 相似文献
13.
Abed Salih Al Dulaymie Bayan Muhie Hussien Moshtaq Ahmed Gharbi Husam Naji Mekhlif 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):801-816
This research examined the balneological characteristics of spring waters within the area of Abu-Jir Fault Zone throughout the hydrogeologic aspects explained by the setting of the hydrogeologic units including the water-bearing horizons of Euphrates, Ana, and Baba Formations. The groundwater flow in the hydrogeologic system correlated with the trends of enrichment or depletion case processes of mineralization (spatial distribution maps of TDS and other components) show different phenomena of groundwater source and interconnection, which helps in the classification springs into two potential site. The physicochemical characteristics of the water flow from springs indicate a hydrochemical approach throughout the spatial variation of important parameters (using Rockware software) related to the balneological study. The monitoring network of the spring waters performed by seven field measurements and 33 variables (totaling to 720 detected measurements) in 18 springs approved the after desk study and water point inventory using a GPS apparatus (GARMIN SUMMIT-e TREX). The study examined the integrated hydrogeological aspects and spring water properties for evolutions and the classification of minero-medicinal water. The traditional hydrochemical information of the spring waters and their sediment properties correlated with balneological limits (standards and definitions) are used in the selection of springs characterized by balneotherapeutic applications. A suggested screening and ranking technique has been developed for evaluating preferable springs selected for natural therapy. The application of ranking technique indicates four graded consequent preferable springs for balneotherapeutic investment: first grade spring represented by Kubaiysa spring (S-4); second grade springs represented by Tawila spring (S-12); third grade springs represented by Mamora spring (S-15), Arnab spring (S-10), Zazoe spring (S-5), and Maqtoom spring (S-13); and fourth grade springs represented by Khalidiya spring (S-16) and Layeg spring (S-7). 相似文献
14.
15.
Withdrawal of groundwater can dry up springs. It is, however, often difficult to determine the exact causes for the depletion
of spring flow by the traditional methods. A 3-D geological model is presented in this paper to explore the groundwater flow
conditions in the aquifers that feed springs. Because of the various geological data in spring areas, a date integration technique
is adopted to ensure the accuracy of the model. This model is implemented in the spring protection program in Jinan City,
China, and the reasons for the drying up of the springs in the city are studied. The proposed model would be particularly
helpful in the spring protection, and the appropriate application of the model would result in economic and social benefits
of the city. 相似文献
16.
Marco Tallini Barbara Parisse Marco Petitta Michele Spizzico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(7):1447-1467
In the Gran Sasso fissured carbonate aquifer (central Italy), a long-term (2001–2007) spatio-temporal hydrochemical and 222Rn tracing survey was performed with the goal to investigate groundwater flow and water–rock interaction. Analyses of the physico-chemical parameters, and comparisons of multichemical and characteristic ratios in space and time, and subsequent statistical analyses, permitted a characterisation of the hydrogeology. At the regional scale, groundwater flows from recharge areas to the springs located at the aquifer boundaries, with a gradual increase of mineralisation and temperature along its flowpaths. However, the parameters of each group of springs may significantly deviate from the regional trend owing to fast flows and to the geological setting of the discharge spring areas, as corroborated by statistical data. Along regional flowpaths, the effects of seasonal recharge and lowering of the water table clearly cause changes in ion concentrations over time. This conceptual model was validated by an analysis of the 222Rn content in groundwater. 222Rn content, for which temporal variability depends on seasonal fluctuations of the water table, local lithology and the fracture network at the spring discharge areas, was considered as a tracer of the final stages of groundwater flowpaths. 相似文献
17.
Richard M. Yager L. Niel Plummer Leon J. Kauffman Daniel H. Doctor David L. Nelms Peter Schlosser 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(6):1193-1217
Measured concentrations of environmental tracers in spring discharge from a karst aquifer in the Shenandoah Valley, USA, were used to refine a numerical groundwater flow model. The karst aquifer is folded and faulted carbonate bedrock dominated by diffuse flow along fractures. The numerical model represented bedrock structure and discrete features (fault zones and springs). Concentrations of 3H, 3He, 4He, and CFC-113 in spring discharge were interpreted as binary dilutions of young (0–8 years) water and old (tracer-free) water. Simulated mixtures of groundwater are derived from young water flowing along shallow paths, with the addition of old water flowing along deeper paths through the model domain that discharge to springs along fault zones. The simulated median age of young water discharged from springs (5.7 years) is slightly older than the median age estimated from 3H/3He data (4.4 years). The numerical model predicted a fraction of old water in spring discharge (0.07) that was half that determined by the binary-dilution model using the 3H/3He apparent age and 3H and CFC-113 data (0.14). This difference suggests that faults and lineaments are more numerous or extensive than those mapped and included in the numerical model. 相似文献
18.
温泉旅游资源属于典型的地质资源,具有地下水及地热资源的属性特征.在温泉旅游的开发过程中,要科学认识温泉的成因、类型、分布、医学成分和疗效等内容.应避免违背科学规律的行为,合理开采地下水,防止地面沉降,防治水污染,加强旅游行业管理,实行旅游温泉品质认证制度,利用人工回灌等方法防止资源浪费和破坏,严格执行法律法规,规范温泉旅游资源开发,遵循科学性、环保性的利用原则,体现温泉旅游特色,促进区域旅游经济的发展. 相似文献
19.
A hydrogeological study was completed within a sub-catchment of the Zerka River drainage basin, in western Jordan. The system
is characterized by anticlinal bending with an axis trending SSW–NNE and plunging a few degrees in the SSW direction. The
anticlinal structure diverts groundwater flow towards the SSW while the strike-slipe faults cause the groundwater to diverge
where the fault is perpendicular to the groundwater flow lines, and to converge where the fault is parallel to the groundwater
flow lines. A direct relationship was found between the location of springs and the type of groundwater flow with regard to
the amount of discharge wherein large spring discharges are located in zones of converging groundwater flow lines. In areas
where faults are not abundant, the groundwater retention time in the aquifers is long and a zonation of the electrical conductivity
was detected due to mineral dissolution. By controlling groundwater flow, the anticlinal setting produces three genetic groups
of groundwater flow systems: (1) alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately a bicarbonate-type composition, (2)
alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately bicarbonate–sulfate, and (3) alkaline–earth alkaline water with a high
alkaline component. 相似文献
20.
自然界中温泉形成的循环机制比较复杂,前人的实验模型研究很少有报导。根据断裂-深循环型温泉的特点可以设计一个简易实验装置,对温泉的形成进行模拟实验。实验采用充满砂的半圆弧形圆管实验装置,开展不同水温下热水循环的模拟实验,以便了解地下热水循环过程温泉流量的影响因素。利用室温实验计算出实验用砂的渗透系数K的范围在50.59～57.94 m/d。实验结果表明,温泉流量除与水头差、介质渗透系数和截面积呈正比例关系外,还随温度增大而增大。温泉形成过程是伴随能量转换的地下水循环过程,地下水从深部热源获得的热量使其温度升高,粘滞性降低,导致其流量增大。利用河北北部和广西东南部温泉的流量、温度数据进行验证,进一步分析了实验结果的合理性。 相似文献