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大柴达木盐湖硼同位素地球化学研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以测定Ｃｓ２ＢＯ２＾＋离子的热电离质谱法，用ＶＧ－３５４型质谱计测定了大柴达木盐湖卤水及其外围水系的硼同位素组成。其卤水的δ＾１１Ｂ值为＋４．９６‰－＋９．１１‰，外围水系的δ＾１１Ｂ值为－３．８５％￣－４２．６８‰。同时也测定了其湖底沉积物，外围碳酸盐泉华和硼酸盐的硼同位素组成，它们的δ＾１１Ｂ值分别为－１７．７８‰￣＋２．５６‰、－３１．９７‰￣＋０．１７‰和－１１．８７‰￣－９．５９‰。这些 相似文献
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一个未成熟褐煤抽提物中，高等植物生源化合物的同位素值在全煤碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ值－２７．０‰）的±２‰范围内，表明相似成煤植物对这些化合物的贡献，或者其成煤植物经历过相似的生物合成分馏效应。所检测的萜烃类按同位素差异分为两组：二萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．０±１．４‰）和倍半萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．９±１．５‰）平均较全煤样富集１～２％。１３Ｃ，而奥利烷－乌散烷－羽扇烷型衍生物（δ１３Ｃ值－２９．０±０．８‰）平均比全煤样减少１～２‰１３Ｃ。Ｃ１５～Ｃ３５正烷烃δ１３Ｃ平均值－３２．４±０．６‰，据此表明Ｃ１７～Ｃ２２和Ｃ２２～Ｃ３３正烷烃的同位素值与上述平均值没有明显差异。与全煤样相比较，该煤样抽提物的藿烷衍生物１３Ｃ值则减少８～３４‰，标志在成煤过程中甲烷的细菌循环起着作用。 相似文献
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横岭关铜矿床地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对横岭关铜矿床中稀土元素、同位素和矿物包裹体地球化学研究表明，矿床形成温度为３５０℃±３０℃；压力为３８×１０~５Ｐａ～２４０×１０~５Ｐａ；盐度为３０ｗｔ％～４２ｗｔ％；ｌｏｇｆｏ_２为－３０．４１～－３１．４７；ｌｏｇｆｓ_２为－５．４～－８；ｐＨ值为７．３；ｌｏｇｆｃｏ_２为－２．４９；铜的溶解度（ｌｏｇｍ_（Ｃｕ））为－５．８７～－２．２１。围岩的铅－铅同位素年龄为１７７５×１０~６ａ，矿石的铅－铅同位素年龄为１８４５×１０~６ａ；矿石硫同位素组成，δ~（３４）Ｓ为－８．１‰～３６．９‰，显示出硫同位素为非平衡特征；碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成，δ~（１３）Ｃ为－７．１‰～－２．６‰，δ~（１３）Ｃ_（∑Ｃ）为－５．３‰；成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成具有变质热卤水的特点，认为该矿床属于变质热卤水成矿。 相似文献
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壳-幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程中的硼同位素示踪 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
硼同位素是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的稳定同位素地球化学方法。硼有两个稳定同位素 :10 B和11B。硼同位素组成自然界变化十分大 ,δ11B值为 - 37‰～ +58‰。对地幔岩石的硼同位素研究表明 ,原始地幔的δ11B值为 - 10‰± 2‰ ,B的质量分数估算为 (0 2 5± 0 1)×10 -6。相对而言 ,地壳岩石的B含量和δ11B值均较高。由于壳、幔岩石具有不同的B含量和δ11B值 ,硼同位素已被广泛应用于研究壳幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程 ,用于示踪俯冲板块中大洋沉积物和蚀变洋壳在地幔中的循环。 相似文献
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苏皖地区凹凸棒石粘土矿床稳定同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对凹凸棒石粘土矿中坡缕石及其共生的蒙脱石、白云石、蛋白石进行了稳定同位素研究。坡缕石δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ为２４．７‰￣２６．３‰，δＤＳＭＯＷ为－５９．１‰￣－１６．８‰，推算形成温度为７１￣８１℃。白云石δ＾１３ＣＰＯＢ为－７．２‰￣－１１．７‰，δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ为１９．６‰￣２７．３‰，推算形成温度为２９￣７４℃。研究表明，苏皖地区凹凸棒石粘土矿床是在火山喷发间歇期，与火山作用有关热水溶液 相似文献
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大别山北麓侏罗系大理岩砾石的碳—氧同位素组成及地质意义 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
在大别山北麓、合肥盆地南缘侏罗系三尖铺组和凤凰台组地层中含有大理岩砾石, 属山麓冲积扇环境沉积。它们的δ１３ Ｃ数值范围为－ １．７‰～１．３‰, 大多数近于零值, 它们的δ１８Ｏ数值从６．５‰～２３．０‰。大别地块佛子岭群大理岩的δ１３Ｃ数值为－ ２．０‰～－ ２．５‰, δ１８Ｏ数值范围从６．３‰～１３．１‰。大别地块高压和超高压变质岩带的大理岩的δ１３ Ｃ数值为１‰～６‰,δ１８Ｏ数值为５‰～２３‰。碳同位素组成的明显差别表明现今大别地块佛子岭群和高压、超高压变质岩不是合肥盆地南缘侏罗系大理岩砾石的来源区。由于δ１３Ｃ的数值不随δ１８Ｏ值的降低而变化, 且分布在一个狭窄的范围, 合肥盆地南缘侏罗系大理岩砾石的碳同位素组成代表了它的原岩在沉积时海水的同位素记录。 相似文献
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一个巨大水晶中流体包裹体稳定同位素地球化学特征 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在对荡坪钨热液矿床晶洞水晶作温压地球化学特征研究的基础上,对该水晶第１和第６切块的核部与其边缘环带氧及其原生流体中碳、氢、氧同位素组成进行系统研究。研究表明,晶体核部富集＾１８Ｏ（δ＾１８Ｑ值１２．１‰～１２．９‰）→边缘环带相对贫＾１８Ｏ（δＱ值７．６‰～８．２‰）;核部的流体为岩浆水（δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值＋４．７‰～＋６．２‰）→边缘环带为大气降水（δ＾１８ＯＨ２值－６．１‰～－８．４‰）;水晶 相似文献
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广东长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及氢氧硫碳同位素的研究，表明金矿体与银矿体在空间上虽存在分带性，但成矿的物质来源和成矿热液来源是相同的。金银矿床的形成，成矿温度为２５０℃，Ｌｏｇｆｏ２为－３８～－３７，ｐＨ为４．０～５．６，硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值为－６．６‰～８．８‰；成矿热液水的δ１８Ｏ值和δＤ值分别为－７．８‰～９．０‰和－８０‰～－４３‰；金银矿石Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为１３３×１０６ａ～１３７×１０６ａ。因此，金银矿床的形成为燕山期岩浆活动提供热源，使大气降水在地层中循环淋滤，带出地层中成矿物质，并在容矿构造中沉淀形成矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献