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1.
若尔盖高原沼泽湿地CH4排放研究   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
若尔盖高原沼泽湿地海拔 3400 m,面积 4038km2,是我国面积最大的高原沼泽湿地分布区。2001年 5~9月的非冰冻期,其主要沼泽类型木里苔草沼泽的CH4排放通量范围是 0.51~ 8.20 m g/(m 2· h),平均值为 2.87 m g/(m 2· h);乌拉苔草沼泽CH4排放通量范围是 0.36~10.04 m g/(m 2· h),平均值为 4.51 m g/(m 2· h)。在空间分布上,不同沼泽类型之间CH4排放通量具有一定的差异。在季节变化上,没有明显的排放高峰。根据代表性观测点的CH4平均排放量、日数和沼泽总面积推算,非冰冻期若尔盖高原沼泽湿地CH4的排放量为 0.052Tg/a。  相似文献   

2.
结合含水量、TOC含量和TOC/TN比值变化曲线,18·5kaB·P·以来的四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物全岩有机碳同位素组成(δ13CTOC)记录可划分为3个阶段:1)末次冰期晚期(18·5~14·7kaB·P·),δ13CTOC值偏正,变化范围为-29·50‰~-26·18‰,平均值约为-28·10‰;2)末次冰消期(14·7~11·7kaB·P·),δ13CTOC值显著偏负,变化范围为-33·92‰~-28·40‰,平均值约为-31·75‰,在δ13CTOC值变化曲线上表现为一个低谷,但在类似YoungerDryas的冷干事件期间(12·7~11·7kaB·P·),δ13CTOC值再次显著偏正,最高可达-28·4‰;3)全新世以来(11·7kaB·P.至今),δ13CTOC值变化幅度不大(-30·85‰~-27·37‰),基本上都在平均值-29·1‰左右。研究表明,大气CO2浓度变化是影响18·5kaB·P·以来四海龙湾玛珥湖δ13CTOC值变化的主导因素。  相似文献   

3.
1964,1975及1986年三个137CS时标计算出红枫湖和洱海沉积物平均堆积速率完全一致,说明1975年和1986年次级蓄积峰作为计年时标的可靠性。洱海沉积物平均堆积速率为0.047±0.002g/(cm2·a),与210Pb方法所获得的结果一致;红枫湖为0.17±0.01g/(cm2·a),与其建湖以来沉积物实际堆积的观察结果吻合。洱海1964年沉积物中137CS的比活度(校正到沉积年代)仅46.4Bq/kg,而红枫湖达145Bq/kg。由于红枫湖沉积物堆积速率约为洱海的3.7倍,所以其1964年层节沉积物中137CS蓄积量比洱海大11.5倍。红枫湖沉积物中137CS累计值的99.4%分配于1985年以前,而洱海的19.4%分配于1986年以后,显示出137CS在洱海沉积物中的较大扩散能力。  相似文献   

4.
贵阳市区地表/地下水化学与锶同位素研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
贵阳市及邻近地区地表和地下水的化学与Sr同位素组成变化反映了典型喀斯特地区地表/地下水文系统的水-岩反应和城市污染特征:水体中的化学溶解物质主要来源于碳酸盐岩(石灰岩和白云岩)的风化作用和膏岩层的溶解,其次为人为污染物的输入;污染物以K+,Na+,Cl-,SO2-4,NO-3为主,枯水期因大气降水补给小而受人为活动影响较大;丰水期和枯水期地表/地下水的化学组成变化说明地表/地下水交换活跃,地下水环境容易受到人为活动影响。  相似文献   

5.
太湖及其周围河流中N2O的空间分布与释放通量   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本次研究选择中国东部一个生态和环境空间分异极大的浅水湖泊(太湖)以及周围河流,分别于2003年7月和9月两次采集湖水和河水样品,分析其中的N2O浓度,并利用扩散模型公式估算水-气界面N2O交换通量。结果显示N2O饱和度的空间变化从70%不饱和到2708%过饱和变化范围很大。N2O饱和度的空间分布,N2O与CH4、无机氮、TDS(总溶解固体物质)之间的相关性都表明:   太湖重度富营养区N2O的产生极大地受到人为N输入的影响。然而,初步的通量分析显示湖泊N2O的释放因子不超过0.63%,小于河流中的默认值,N2O产率也略低于水环境中的平均值,太湖以面积为权重的释放通量平均值并不高,在7月和9月分别为14.0μmol/m2·d和9.7μmol/m2·d。这些结果表明流域人为N输入对整个湖泊N2O的促进作用是有限的,预计未来湖泊N2O释放不会因为人为活动增加而出现大幅度增加的状况。流域内各生态景观N2O释放量的比较,也表明富营养湖泊总体上仍然是一个十分有限的大气N2O释放源。相反,太湖周围河流存在较大的N2O释放速率,在7月和9月估算的N2O释放通量分别为142.1μmol/m2·d和28.8μmol/m2·d。将这一释放速率推广到整个流域后,预计河网的N2O释放量将占到耕作土壤的10%~50%,显示了河流对区域N2O质量平衡具有较重要的影响。  相似文献   

6.
李状  苏晶文  董长春  叶永红  杨洋 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1509-1526
【研究目的】 了解长江中下游平原地区地下水流系统并深入分析其地下水水化学特征及其演化机制。【研究方法】 综合马鞍山市当涂地区的水文地质条件、水动力场等,基于研究区水化学基本特征,运用多元统计分析、水化学图件、离子比值和反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对该地区浅层地下水水化学演化进行分析。【研究结果】 结果表明:(1)研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性水,地下水组分中阳离子以Ca2+和Mg2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-和SO42-为主。(2)研究区地下水水化学类型主要可分为7类,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组和碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组的水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca型、HCO3-Ca·Na型、HCO3·Cl-Ca·Na型以及HCO3-Ca·Mg型;基岩类裂隙含水岩组的化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型和SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg型。(3)研究区浅层地下水水样超标率为46%,总体水质较差,超标率较高的组分依次为Mn、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、硝酸盐(以N计)、Fe、As、氨氮(以N计)等。(4)研究区地下水的化学组分主要受到岩石风化作用的控制;此外,还存在Na-Ca的正向阳离子交替吸附作用。反向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步定量论证了水岩相互作用对本区浅层地下水组分的形成和演化起着主导作用。【结论】 研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性,主要可分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水和基岩类裂隙水。主要离子比例和反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了本区浅层地下水化学组分主要是地下水溶滤方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石等硅酸盐矿物,高岭土等黏土矿物以及岩盐、石膏等达到过饱和之后形成的。  相似文献   

7.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜(金)矿床成矿流体特征及成矿过程探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
流体包裹体的研究表明冬瓜山铜(金)矿床原生流体包裹体分为气液两相水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ型)和含子矿物多相水溶液包裹体(Ⅱ型),以Ⅰ型包裹体为主。同一矿物中多种类型包裹体共存,且均一温度相近、均一方式不同,显示成矿过程中流体可能发生过沸腾作用。流体包裹体均一温度大致可分为318.8~547.5℃、220.1~378.2℃和196.7~263.2℃三个区间,对应流体密度和均一压力分别为0.86~0.98 g/cm3和(219~661)×105 Pa、0.66~1.08 g/cm3 和(26~190)×105 Pa、0.88~0.96 g/cm3和(17~48)×105 Pa,盐度w(NaCleq)峰值为12%~16%和40%~48%。结合成矿流体的演化特征,对成矿过程进行了探讨,认为流体的不混溶是引起成矿物质沉淀富集成矿的重要因素。  相似文献   

8.
东北四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物纹层计年与137Cs、210Pb测年   总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
对东北四海龙湾玛珥湖SHLF6孔纹层沉积物的137Cs放射性测量表明:137Cs比活度的最大值出现在55cm处,对应于1963年世界原子弹试爆高峰期。纹层计年表明0~6cm共有35个纹层层偶。从75cm到65cm,137Cs比活度从256±009dpm/g急剧增加到1868±017dpm/g,可能65cm对应于1954年。通过测量226Ra子核214Pb和214Bi(能量为295keV,352keV和609keV)放射的光子数获得226Ra比活度数据,然后求得过剩210Pb比活度(210Pbuns)。210Pbuns比活度随深度增加而呈指数衰减,其异常波动可能与人类活动以及沉积速率变化有关,例如55cm处210Pb比活度较高,与137Cs的峰值对应,这可能与1963年前后人工核实验的高峰有关,因为核试验不仅产生137Cs,而且可以产生208Pb和210Pb;45cm处210Pb比活度较低,而226Ra较高,可能与人类活动加剧,导致沉积速率增加有关。根据210PbunsCRS模式,SHLF6孔0~19cm的平均沉积速率为20mg/cm2·a,或约为011cm/a。210Pb测年数据与137Cs时标及纹层计年均有很好的一致性。四海龙湾玛珥湖发育的纹层为年纹层,可以建立高分辨率时间序列。  相似文献   

9.
河流碳通量与陆地侵蚀研究   总被引:29,自引:2,他引:29  
河流碳通量系陆地侵蚀产物,它构成全球碳循环的一个重要环节。河流碳通量在数量上远小于全球碳循环的其他环节,但由于与陆地生态系统联系密切,故对它的研究尤为重要。全球每年河流碳通量约为1GtC(109t碳),其中约60%为无机碳、40%为有机碳。溶解态有机碳和颗粒状有机碳主要来源于土壤侵蚀,另有一部分有机碳来源于河湖中的浮游植物;溶解态无机碳主要源于大气中CO2和碳酸盐;颗粒无机碳主要指未溶解的碳酸盐。亚洲季风区河流对全球河流碳通量具有较大贡献,而对其研究程度较低。河流碳通量研究既可为流域治理提供基础资料,也是进一步了解人为CO2“未知汇”的途径之一。  相似文献   

10.
硅铋石是一种极为罕见的铋的硅酸盐矿物,本次报道的天然硅铋石产于我国内蒙古自治区东乌旗朝不楞矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床中,附生在蔷薇辉石晶洞或裂隙中的透闪石纤维上。常见四面体{111}及三角三四面体晶形,一般粒径为0.07~0.15mm,颜色多为浅黄色,透明,玻璃光泽,性脆,条痕为无色,维氏硬度VHN(100g)=487~583kg/mm2,平均535kg/mm2,摩氏硬度5,计算密度7.11g/cm3,计算折射率N=2.15。矿物化学分子式为Bi4Si3O12。X射线衍射强线[d(Å)(I)]为4.26(85)、3.29(100)、2.77(79)、2.11(45)和1.67(33),结构精修晶胞参数a=10.116(2)Å,V=1035.2(7)Å3,空间群为I43d,Z=4。本文还对硅铋石的成因进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

11.
海南岛南岸全新世珊瑚礁的发育   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
海南岛南岸的珊瑚礁,是我国全新世珊瑚岸礁最为发育的地区之一,仅次于台湾岛南端的恒春半岛沿岸。前人从生物学[1-5]、地貌学[6-8]和地质学[9-12]角度对海南岛南岸的珊瑚礁进行过较为广泛的研究。作者报道过崖县鹿回头水尾岭剖面珊瑚礁样品的C14年代测定结果[13,14]。1979年底至1980年初,作者在海南岛南岸东起小东海沿岸西至西瑁岛西岸地区进行了野外调查与采样。根据野外和室内分析资料,本文公布了一批新测试的C14年代数据,并进一步讨论了全新世珊瑚礁的发育历史及其与海岸变迁、海面变化和地壳运动的关系等问题。  相似文献   

12.
海南岛是南海地块的重要组成部分,其构造演化很大程度上能够反映整个南海的构造活动特征。新生代,海南岛在新构造运动作用下,断块差异升降比较明显,形成了大致以王五 文教断裂为界,北为沉降区,南为断隆区的构造格局。对断隆区隆升过程的研究能够帮助揭示海南岛新构造活动历史,但至今为止,琼中南山地隆升的原因和时限仍存在争议。为了厘清海南岛中部的剥露隆升事件,本文选择琼中南地区海拔最高、高差最大的五指山为研究区,采集8组高程岩石样品,高程范围为203. 55~1153. 52 m。对采集的样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹测试和热历史模拟分析,结果表明海南岛五指山地区新生代主要经历了两期快速隆升剥露。第一期为渐新世—中新世(32~17 Ma):隆升速率较快,此时期太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲后撤,南海正经历第二次扩张,使得海南岛拉张,活动强烈,造成琼中山地区快速隆升,直到中中新世转为缓慢隆升。第二期为中新世末期(5 Ma)的快速剥蚀隆升阶段:南海扩张已经结束,随着菲律宾板块俯冲亚洲板块,南海北部陆缘整体处于加速热沉降阶段,且全球气候变化加快,造成了海南岛广泛的隆起和加速剥蚀。  相似文献   

13.
Neotectonic data may indicate whether stored elastic energy will be dissipated or released destructively. The Hengchun Peninsula of Taiwan is the southern extremity of the Central Range of Taiwan and thus an emergent part of the accretionary wedge resulting from subduction of Eurasia beneath the Philippine Sea plate at the Manila Trench. Radiocarbon dating of fossil shorelines on the peninsula shows that it has been uplifted at an average rate of 3.8 mm/yr during the Holocene. About 1/3 of the uplift is due to deformation along the Hengchun reverse fault but, in contrast with the Chelungpu and other low angle reverse faults west of the Central Range, it accommodates strain principally by aseismic creep. To cite this article: C. Vita-Finzi, J.-C. Lin, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

14.
末次冰期以来环境演变事件为末次冰期冰盖扩张事件。南设德兰群岛当时为一相连的大岛,乔冶王岛上的冰川有可能来自南极半岛。全新世冰退模式和冰进事件表现为由统一冰盖分解成三个小冰帽,然后再逐渐消失。现冰川以每年约1.3m的速度后退。冰退之后地壳存在明显的均衡补偿抬升,表现为沿海地区发育了5—6级上升海岸阶地,现地壳以每年6—10mm的速率在抬升。  相似文献   

15.
This paper reviews recent studies of Holocene coastal uplift in tectonically active areas near the plate boundaries of the western Pacific Rim. Emergent Holocene terraces exist along the coast of North Island of New Zealand, the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea, the Japanese Islands, and Taiwan. These terraces have several features in common. All comprise series of subdivided terraces. The highest terrace is a constructional terrace, underlain by estuarine or marine deposits, and the lower terraces are erosional, cutting into transgressive deposits or bedrock. The highest terrace records the culmination of Holocene sea-level rise at ca. 6–6.5 ka BP. Lower terraces were coseismically uplifted. Repeated major earthquakes have usually occurred at ka intervals and meter-scale uplift. The maximum uplift rate and number of terraces are surprisingly similar, about 4 m/ka and seven to four major steps in North Island, Huon Peninsula, and Japan. Taiwan, especially along the east coast of the Coastal Range, is different, reaching a maximum uplift rate of 15 m/ka with 10 subdivided steps. They record a very rapid uplift. Comparison between short-term (Holocene) and long-term since the last interglacial maximum (sub-stage 5e) uplift rates demonstrates that a steady uplift rate (Huon Peninsula) or accelerated uplift toward the present (several areas of Japan and North Island) has continued at least since isotope sub-stage 5e. Rapid uplift in eastern Taiwan probably started only in the early Holocene, judging from the absence of any older marine terraces. Most of the causative faults for the coastal uplift may be offshore reverse faults, branched from the main plate boundary fault, but some of them are onshore faults, which deformed progressively with time.  相似文献   

16.
雷琼地区新构造运动的特征   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
雷琼地区系广东省雷州半岛和海南岛的简称。以王五-文教断裂为界,本区可分为两部分:北部的雷州半岛和琼北,通称“雷琼坳陷”,为新第三纪和早更新世大幅度沉降区,兼有剧烈而频繁的火山活动和地震活动,是本文讨论的重点;南部是以五指山为中心的隆起区,发育多级剥夷面,由隆起中心向海呈阶梯状下降,该区隆起幅度虽大,却基本上没有火山活动,地震活动亦弱(图1)。本文根据若干典型的第四系剖面、火山活动、14C测年数据、测震及地形变等资料,初步探讨雷琼地区新构造运动的基本特征。  相似文献   

17.
The seismicity, deformation rates and associated erosion in the Taiwan region clearly demonstrate that plate tectonic and orogenic activities are at a high level. Major geologic units can be neatly placed in the plate tectonic context, albeit critical mapping in specific areas is still needed, but the key processes involved in the building of the island remain under discussion. Of the two plates in the vicinity of Taiwan, the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) is oceanic in its origin while the Eurasian Plate (EUP) is comprised partly of the Asian continental lithosphere and partly of the transitional lithosphere of the South China Sea basin. It is unanimously agreed that the collision of PSP and EU is the cause of the Taiwan orogeny, but several models of the underlying geological processes have been proposed, each with its own evolutionary history and implied subsurface tectonics.TAIGER (TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research) crustal- and mantle-imaging experiments recently made possible a new round of testing and elucidation. The new seismic tomography resolved structures under and offshore of Taiwan to a depth of about 200 km. In the upper mantle, the steeply east-dipping high velocity anomalies from southern to central Taiwan are clear, but only the extreme southern part is associated with seismicity; toward the north the seismicity disappears. The crustal root under the Central Range is strongly asymmetrical; using 7.5 km/s as a guide, the steep west-dipping face on the east stands in sharp contrast to a gradual east-dipping face on the west. A smaller root exists under the Coastal Range or slightly to the east of it. Between these two roots lies a well delineated high velocity rise spanning the length from Hualien to Taitung. The 3-D variations in crustal and mantle structures parallel to the trend of the island are closely correlated with the plate tectonic framework of Taiwan. The crust is thickest in the central Taiwan collision zone, and although it thins toward the south, the crust is over 30 km thick over the subduction in the south; in northern Taiwan, the northward subducting PSP collides with Taiwan and the crust thins under northern Taiwan where the subducting indenter reaches 50 km in depth. The low Vp/Vs ratio of around 1.6 at a mid-crustal depth of 25 km in the Central Range indicates that current temperatures could exceed 700 °C. The remarkable thickening of the crust under the Central Range, its rapid uplift without significant seismicity, its deep exhumation and its thermal state contribute to make it the core of orogenic activities on Taiwan Island.The expanded network during the TAIGER deployment captured broadband seismic data yielding enhanced S-splitting results with mainly SKS/SKKS data. The polarization directions of the fast S-waves follow very closely the structural trends of the island, supporting the concept of a vertically coherent Taiwan orogeny in the outer few hundred kilometers of the Earth.  相似文献   

18.
青藏高原的冰碛层与环境   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
最近3.4 Ma青藏高原尤其是南部可见七套冰碛层(自新至老M0—M6),M1—M6上对应发育古土壤MS0—MS5,除M0和MS0外,形成于六次冰期和五次间冰期。通过与黄土高原对比,除M6外,可用黄土-古土壤序列确定它们的年代。分别以M0—M5上的古土壤为标志,算出高原于1.56—1.23 Ma B.P.、平均高程约2500m开始整体隆升、经历时约0.4 Ma的三个阶段,在0.075 MaB.P.已升到4300m,上升速率从2.0、2.5、2.8增至8.7 mm/a,导致冰期雪线升高,冰进范围缩小。冰期和季风气候变化及阶段性隆升共同决定了高原的环境变迁。  相似文献   

19.
柳振江  王建平  郑德文  刘家军  刘俊  付超 《岩石学报》2010,26(12):3597-3611
矿床形成后会经历不同形式的变化,区域隆升与剥蚀是影响矿床变化保存最为关键的因素之一。构造-热年代学是目前广泛运用于研究区域隆升剥蚀的一种重要手段,本文以我国最大金矿集中区———胶东西北部金矿及赋矿围岩玲珑花岗岩为研究对象,尝试将构造-热年代学引用到矿床成矿后变化与保存研究。通过磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学测试获得玲珑花岗岩距今110Ma以来的隆升演化历史,结果显示岩体剥蚀速率很小,平均0.0303±0.0044mm.a-1,自金矿形成后区域热-构造运动趋于平静,这对矿床的保存非常有利。胶东金矿成矿深度范围集中于4~10km,根据剥蚀速度计算玲珑花岗岩剥蚀量仅为2.0~4.2km,远未达到金矿最大成矿深度。当前本区金矿勘探和开采深度普遍小于2km,深部金矿找矿潜力良好。  相似文献   

20.
Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We present a compilation of data of modern tectono-geomorphic processes in the Central European Alps which suggest that observed rock uplift is a response to climate-driven denudation. This interpretation is predominantly based on the recent quantification of basin-averaged Late Holocene denudation rates that are so similar to the pattern and rates of rock uplift rates as determined by geodetic leveling. Furthermore, a GPS data-based synthesis of Adriatic microplate kinematics suggests that the Central Alps are currently not in a state of active convergence. Finally, we illustrate that the Central Alps have acted as a closed system for Holocene redistribution of sediment in which the peri-Alpine lakes have operated as a sink for the erosional products of the inner Central Alps.While various hypotheses have been put forward to explain Central Alpine rock uplift (e.g. lithospheric forcing by convergence, mantle processes, or ice melting) we show with an elastic model of lithospheric deformation, that the correlation between erosion and rock uplift rates reflects a positive feedback between denudation and the associated isostatic response to unloading. Thus, erosion does not passively respond to advection of crustal material as might be the case in actively converging orogens. Rather, we suggest that the geomorphic response of the Alpine topography to glacial and fluvial erosion and the resulting disequilibrium for modern channelized and associated hillslope processes explains much of the pattern of modern denudation and hence rock uplift. Therefore, in a non-convergent orogen such as the Central European Alps, the observed vertical rock uplift is primarily a consequence of passive unloading due to erosion.  相似文献   

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