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1.
罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床是紫金山Cu-Au-Mo浅成低温-斑岩矿田内新近发现的大型斑岩铜钼矿床,本文在岩芯及光薄片系统观察的基础上,分析了矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及锆石Ce4/Ce3+比值.罗卜岭赋矿斑岩体可分为两期,早期为角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩,晚期为黑云母花岗闪长斑岩.早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为103.7±1.2Ma,MSWD=0.33和103.0±0.9Ma,MSWD=1.00;晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为97.6±2.1Ma,MSWD=6.00.罗卜岭成矿斑岩基质普遍发育硬石膏,两期成矿斑岩锆石都具较高的Ce4 +/Ce3平均值,在630 ～770之间,高于区内非成矿花岗岩锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+平均值(182 ～577),显示罗卜岭斑岩矿床成矿岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征.据罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成时代、高氧逸度岩浆特征,结合华南地区中生代构造背景,我们初步认为罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成可能和中生代古太平洋向北西西方向俯冲有关.  相似文献   

2.
姚家岭锌金多金属矿床位于铜陵矿集区东部,其形成与小青塘花岗闪长斑岩密切相关.然而,前人对该岩体的研究仍较少,为了深入认识姚家岭矿区的成矿作用,利用岩石地球化学的方法,对花岗闪长斑岩及锆石特征进行研究,结果表明:花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的SiO2,K2O/Na2O比值为0.68~1.02,为I型花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列;锆石具有明显的环带结构,Th/U比值为0.34~1.20,为典型的岩浆锆石;锆石的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为141.0±1.7 Ma,说明花岗闪长斑岩形成于早白垩世;锆石的εHf(t)为-22.5~-9.2,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1 639~2 620Ma,表明形成花岗闪长斑岩的岩浆是古元古代地壳岩石部分熔融的产物.此外,研究还表明,花岗闪长斑岩的结晶温度为558~739℃,成岩压力为50~250MPa.  相似文献   

3.
钦-杭成矿带是华南地区新近识别出的一条重要的中生代斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属成矿带。宝山矿床处于铜山岭-宝山-水口山矿区的中部,是湘南地区最大的铜多金属矿床,而大坊金矿床与宝山Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿相邻,在空间上亦与花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。矿区内岩浆活动复杂,矿化类型齐全,成矿元素多样。我们对宝山成矿花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊成矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果表明宝山花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊花岗闪长斑岩的侵位年龄分别为156. 3±0. 9Ma、157. 1±1. 8Ma和154. 5±1. 0Ma,三者在误差范围内一致,均为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物;锆石Hf同位素研究表明,宝山和大坊矿床的成矿岩体均主要为古元古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并有幔源组分的加入;锆石微量元素分析结果显示,上述三类岩石的锆石具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,显示它们可能是同一期岩浆作用的产物。宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值平均为355,与全球典型的含铜斑岩的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值( 300)相似。而大坊矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的δEu平均为0. 48,与宝山岩体δEu平均值(0. 42)相近,指示二者具有相对较高的氧逸度,均为与铜金多金属矿化有关的斑岩体。锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及微量元素特征表明,大坊金矿和宝山铜多金属矿床均与矿区花岗闪长斑岩具有时空及成因联系,共同构成钦杭成矿带中段一套与花岗闪长斑岩有关的Cu(Mo)-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿系统。  相似文献   

4.
西藏岗讲斑岩铜钼矿床位于冈底斯斑岩铜矿带尼木斑岩铜矿田中。该区中-酸性岩浆活动较为发育,形成以黑云母二长花岗斑岩为主的含矿斑岩体。为限定冈底斯斑岩铜矿带岗讲铜钼矿床含矿斑岩体的形成时代及成因背景,本次研究对成矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究。锆石U-Pb年代学分析揭示,岗讲黑云母二长花岗斑岩形成于中新世(14.47±0.19 Ma)。岩石地球化学研究表明,岗讲黑云母二长花岗斑岩的w(SiO2)为69.12%～72.62%,w(Al2O3)为13.31%～15.57%、K2O/Na2O为0.76～1.66。属于钾玄岩系列-高钾钙碱性系列,为过铝质花岗岩。岩石的ΣREE为83.19×10-6～154.28×10-6,轻、重稀土分异明显,(LREE/HREE)=3.57～14.73,(La/Yb)N值为31.4～39.5,δEu为0.83～1.29,具有较弱的负Eu异常;稀土元...  相似文献   

5.
乔石磊  马星华 《矿床地质》2018,37(2):387-402
农坪金铜矿床位于吉林省珲春市春化境内,是一座中型富金斑岩型矿床。文章采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,对农坪含矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石U-Pb分析,获得加权平均年龄为(95.6±1.6)Ma,表明花岗闪长斑岩形成于晚白垩世。地球化学分析显示,农坪含矿斑岩富碱(5.6%~6.7%),高Mg#(47~55)、富集LILE和LREE,亏损HFSE和HREE,高Sr/Y(32~57)、(La/Yb)N(10~21)比值,具有埃达克质岩石的特点,岩浆的形成可能存在壳幔混合及分离结晶作用。结合区域大地构造背景和同一构造带上其他矿床的形成时代和特征,笔者认为农坪矿床是晚白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆斜向俯冲背景下陆缘弧岩浆作用及热液活动的产物。  相似文献   

6.
对吉林白山新路花岗闪长斑岩进行岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学的研究,以确定其形成时代和构造背景。锆石U-Pb定年的加权平均年龄为163. 3±0. 77 Ma (MSWD=0. 86)。岩石地球化学分析结果表明新路花岗闪长斑岩具有高Na_2O、K_2O含量,K_2O/Na_2O的比值为0. 78～1. 20,低MgO含量,A/CNK值为1. 01～1. 09,富集Ba、Cs、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,轻重稀土元素分馏明显。δEu值为0. 93～1. 06,属于弱过铝质钙碱性系列I型花岗岩。新路花岗闪长斑岩的Sr/Y比值为47. 9～57. 0,LaN/YbN的比值为15. 67～17. 44,为埃达克质花岗岩。新路花岗闪长斑岩的成因为板块汇聚过程中下地壳增厚所导致部分熔融,结合区域构造演化背景,推测新路花岗闪长斑岩是在古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲时的构造环境中形成。  相似文献   

7.
颜代蓉  邓晓东  胡浩  李建威 《岩石学报》2012,28(10):3373-3388
阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩位于鄂东南矿集区东南缘,前者产有鄂东南地区最大的矽卡岩型钨-铜-钼矿床,而后者迄今仅发现有斑岩型铜矿化点.本文对阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成的研究,以深入讨论这些岩体的岩石成因及其成矿和找矿意义.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩的侵位年龄分别为143±1Ma和147±1Ma( 1σ),是鄂东南地区最老的含钨-铜-钼矿化侵入岩.阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩均为高钾钙碱性岩体,富集Rb、Ba、Th和La等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Zr等高场强元素.岩石具有Sr含量高(分别为681 × 10-6 ～874×10-6和575×10-6 ～687×10-6)、Y含量低(分别为12.0×10-6 ～ 17.4×10-6和9.7×10-6～14.0×10-6)、Sr/Y比值大(分别为39 ～ 61和47 ～ 62)、轻重稀土分馏强烈(Yb含量分别为0.90×10-6～1.49×10-6和0.62 × 10-6 ～1.01×10-6;La/Yb比值分别为42 ～ 54和48 ～ 60)等特点.全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析和锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7062 ～0.7063,εNd(t)为-5.8 ～-6.2,εHf(t)为-12.0～ -6.8;犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86 Sr)i为～0.7065,εNd(t)为-5.6～ -6.5.元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩是由富集地幔部分熔融形成的岩浆同化混染下地壳物质并发生分离结晶作用的产物.矿物组合及矿物化学组成表明,阮家湾钨铜钼矿床的含矿岩体具有更低的氧逸度和更多的地壳物质混染,而犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩则具有较高的氧逸度(以出现岩浆硬石膏为标志).另外,犀牛山岩体中挥发份的含量与鄂东南地区最大的斑岩-矽卡岩型铜矿——铜山口矿床的含矿岩体类似,表明有利于斑岩型铜矿床的形成.犀牛山岩体内部斑岩型铜矿点和铁帽发育,进一步说明犀牛山岩体具有较大的斑岩型铜矿床找矿潜力,在今后的找矿工作中应给予关注.  相似文献   

8.
西藏拿若矿床位于西藏多龙矿集区北部,是2010年新发现的一个斑岩铜矿。三期花岗闪长斑岩在拿若斑岩铜矿内侵位,前两期花岗闪长斑岩是拿若矿床的主要成矿斑岩;成矿前的闪长岩在拿若矿床东南侧侵位。本文开展了拿若矿床斑岩和闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,三期花岗闪长斑岩在120Ma集中侵位,闪长岩略早于花岗闪长斑岩侵位(121 Ma)。三期花岗闪长斑岩具有相似的岩石化学特征,均富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土、高场强元素,Eu异常不明显,显示出岛弧岩浆岩的特征,均具有高Sr低Y的特征,可能表明三期花岗闪长斑岩形成于同一个岩浆房;三期花岗闪长斑岩均具有高Al2O3、富钠、低镁和高Sr低Y的特征,显示出埃达克岩的特征;前两期花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值分别为0.7054~0.7058和0.7056~0.7057,εNd(t)分别为-3.7~-2.9和-3.5~-3.2,εHf(t)值分别变化于3.6~6.7和3.6~7.4,表明前两期花岗闪长斑岩起源于新生的下地壳角闪岩相,有较多幔源物质混入;第三期花岗闪长斑岩具有较高εNd(t)值(-1.3~1.6)和εHf(t)值(5.1~8.1),表明第三期花岗闪长斑岩也起源于下地壳,但地壳物质混入较少。闪长岩也具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征,具有与花岗闪长斑岩相似的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7052~0.7057)和略高的εNd(t)值(0.2~3.3)与εHf(t)值(1.2~9.5),表明闪长岩也起源于新生的下地壳,源区中壳源物质混入相对更少。闪长岩和成矿的花岗闪长斑岩铜背景值均较高,可能表明成岩源区内Cu丰度较高。含矿斑岩中地壳物质混入较多,可能表明成矿斑岩在侵位过程中从地壳中萃取了较多成矿元素。成矿晚期花岗闪长斑岩中Cu含量明显较低,可能是末期岩浆在岩浆房中释放了较多成矿元素所致;多期岩浆活动释放的成矿元素有利于成矿元素在成矿流体中持续富集成矿,多期岩浆侵位是形成斑岩铜矿的必要因素。  相似文献   

9.
四川盐源西范坪渐新世含矿二长斑岩成因浅析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
四川盐源西范坪斑岩型铜矿位于扬子板块西南缘,通过对含矿二长斑岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得年龄为31.68±0.28 Ma(MSWD=1.2;2σ),表明其形成时代为古近纪渐新世早期,与区内碱性斑岩岩浆活动的高峰期一致。岩石碱度率指数(A.R.)为3.59～3.69,K/N为0.89～1.11,A/NK为1.16～1.24,A/CNK为0.97～1.13,属准铝—过铝质碱性石英二长斑岩;岩石高度富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素,δEu(0.80～0.85)异常不明显,并且富Sr贫Yb(Y),具高Sr/Yb和Sr/Y比值,系典型的埃达克岩。西范坪埃达克质含矿斑岩为印度板块与欧亚大陆板块碰撞造山晚期远程压力释放环境下,拆沉下地壳部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

10.
赣东北地区是江南造山带东北段重要的多金属成矿区。卧龙谷花岗岩体是典型的非铜矿成矿花岗岩体,由二长花岗岩组成,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析揭示其岩浆结晶年龄为133 Ma±1Ma,形成于早白垩世。这些岩石表现出高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值（0.716079~ 0.719392）和较低的εNd(t)（-6.51~-5.14）值,指示其岩浆起源于壳源变质沉积岩部分熔融。铜厂花岗闪长斑岩体是典型的铜矿成矿花岗岩体,主要由花岗闪长斑岩组成,形成于中侏罗世（171Ma±3Ma）,表现出很低的初始87Sr/86Sr比值（0.704403~0.704475）、较高的εNd(t)（-1.14~+1.80）和高的Mg#值（28~53）,指示铜厂花岗闪长斑岩体可能为俯冲板片和俯冲沉积物部分熔融的产物,并受到幔源物质污染。通过非铜矿成矿卧龙谷花岗岩和成矿的铜厂花岗闪长斑岩的对比,分析中生代花岗质岩浆作用对成矿地质背景的制约,为区域斑岩型铜矿找矿提供找矿标志和基础地质背景资料。  相似文献   

11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.  相似文献   

13.
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South.  相似文献   

14.
Emilio Biagini 《GeoJournal》1998,44(2):163-165
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15.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2.  相似文献   

16.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability.  相似文献   

17.
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments).  相似文献   

18.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification (e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system, our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method.  相似文献   

19.
Partition coefficients of Hf,Zr, and REE between zircon,apatite, and liquid   总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25  
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite.  相似文献   

20.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

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