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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田下石盒子组盒2-3段储层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组盒2-3段储层砂岩类型以岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。研究表明该区目的储层的成岩阶段处于早成岩A期,主要发育机械压实、胶结、交代和溶解4种成岩作用。机械压实、胶结和交代作用为破坏性成岩作用,发育程度普遍较强。其中,压实作用和碳酸盐胶结作用是本区储集层中发育最普遍、最典型的两种成岩作用,也是导致储层物性变差的主要因素;溶解作用作为主要的建设性成岩作用,发育程度不高,但在局部区带发育相对较强,是引起该地区储层改善的主要成岩因素之一。储层物性随深度增加呈有规律变化,在2 670～2 750 m深度段孔隙度和渗透率出现异常高值区,该孔隙异常发育带是多种成岩作用综合的结果,油气运聚高峰期产生的有机酸引起的碎屑颗粒和碳酸盐胶结物等的溶蚀对其形成和保存有重大贡献。 相似文献
2.
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组物源与成岩耦合关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着油气勘探的逐渐深入,致密低渗油气藏所占比例越来越高,将是今后油气勘探的一个重要领域。颗粒成分不同导致的成岩差别对致密低渗储层的储集物性具有明显的控制作用。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长8-长6段致密砂岩为例,研究砂岩骨架颗粒、孔隙类型与成岩作用之间的关系。在此基础上,分析由不同类型母岩形成的砂岩成岩作用差别。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长8-长6段物源对砂岩成岩作用具有非常明显的控制作用:(1)石英、长石等刚性颗粒的含量直接影响着压实作用的强度;(2)火山岩屑可以导致绿泥石环边和浊沸石胶结物的形成,火山岩屑和浊沸石胶结物的溶蚀较强,易形成次生孔隙;(3)黑云母可以导致强压实形成致密层,但黑云母水解可以提供大量的铁和镁,利于绿泥石环边的形成;(4)碳酸盐岩岩屑的溶解可以为碳酸盐胶结物的形成提供额外的物质来源。所以,物源研究可以有效地预测深层致密碎屑储层的成岩作用及成岩强度,进而对高效储层的发育作出预测。 相似文献
3.
四川盆地建南地区三叠系须家河组为辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,其储集层的岩石类型为辫状河三角洲沉积的岩屑砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩。储集层平均孔隙度5.96%,平均渗透率0.044×10-3μm2,具有明显的低孔低渗特征。须家河组储集层主要形成于三角洲辫状河道沉积,辫状河侧向改道频繁,砂泥混杂,颗粒分选及磨圆均较差,砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,不利于原生孔隙的发育;在早期成岩过程中,压实作用损失大量原生孔隙,压实作用损失的孔隙度一般占孔隙损失的60%～85%。随后的胶结作用使得砂岩更加致密,胶结物使孔隙减少12%～18%;此外,研究区须家河组缺乏易溶解的物质成分,长石和碳酸盐胶结物的含量较低,致使后期溶蚀作用微弱,因溶蚀作用增加的孔隙度平均为1%,最高达2.5%。 相似文献
4.
吐哈盆地鄯善弧形构造带三间房组储集层的成岩作用类型主要为压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用。成岩作用改变了砂岩储集层的孔隙结构。压实作用和胶结作用降低了砂岩的原生孔隙度,溶解作用产生的次生孔隙成为主要的汕气储集空间。 相似文献
5.
吐哈盆地鄯善弧形构造带三间房组储集层的成岩作用类型主要为压实作用,胶结作用和溶蚀作用,成岩作用改变了砂岩储集层的孔隙结构,压实作用和胶结作用降低了砂岩的原生孔隙度,溶解作用产生的次生孔隙主要成为主要的汕气储集空间。 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地延长油气区山西组山2段储层砂岩成岩作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射及化验分析等资料,对延长油气区山2段储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型和阶段划分及其对孔隙的影响进行了研究。研究表明,该区山2段储层砂岩以石英砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩为主,成分成熟度较高,结构成熟度较低。成岩作用类型主要包括:压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用。砂岩经历了早成岩阶段A、B期和晚成岩阶段A1、A2和B期的成岩演化阶段。压实作用和胶结作用是砂岩孔隙度降低的主要原因,分别造成19.5%和14%的原生孔隙丧失;溶解作用形成的次生孔隙在一定程度上改善了砂岩储集性能,溶蚀作用增加的新孔隙平均为1.7%。 相似文献
7.
利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素及流体包裹体等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组致密储集层特征进行了研究,重点分析了储集层成岩作用特征和储集层致密化成因机制及过程。研究区长8油层组砂岩主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,经历了压实—压溶、胶结、交代、溶蚀及构造破裂等成岩作用,整体处于中成岩A期晚期。典型成岩序列依次为机械压实、绿泥石黏土膜、早期(泥晶)方解石胶结、石英次生加大、长石、岩屑溶蚀、自生高岭石胶结、自生石英胶结、中期(含)铁方解石胶结。综合研究认为:(1)近物源伴随湖平面快速上升的沉积环境提供了储集层致密化的物质基础,不同沉积微相储集层物性差别较大,分流河道最好,分流间湾最差;(2)长8油层组原始孔隙度为41.35%,压实作用损孔率为50.67%,造成储集层孔隙度急剧降低,胶结作用损孔率为37.48%,导致孔隙度进一步减小,溶蚀作用仅增加了3.26%的孔隙度,难以有效改善储集层质量;(3)上述沉积与成岩因素共同导致储集层致密,致密化过程可分为压实孔隙骤减阶段、早期胶结减孔阶段、溶蚀作用增孔阶段和晚期胶结致密阶段共4个阶段;(4)油气大量充注期储集层孔隙度远低于10%,长8油层组先致密后成藏。 相似文献
8.
冷湖地区侏罗系地层油源丰富,储层致密化程度高,为查明低孔低渗储层成因机制,剖析储层发育控制因素,利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、全岩X衍射矿物分析、物性分析、核磁共振分析等多种分析测试手段,对研究区侏罗系储层的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、物性与成岩作用特征进行研究。结果显示：(1)研究区侏罗系储层主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩,孔隙类型以次生溶孔为主,原生孔隙残留少,微孔隙占比高,孔隙度平均为9.96%,渗透率平均为2.26×10-3μm2,属于特低孔、超低渗致密储层。(2)储层成岩作用类型以压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用为主,成岩演化主要处于中成岩A期,成岩序列可概括为：机械压实改造-少量早期方解石胶结-长石、岩屑轻微溶蚀-石英I期加大-有机酸流体侵入、长石岩屑强烈溶蚀-黏土矿物广泛出现-石英Ⅱ期加大-长石、岩屑、黏土矿物伊利石化-少量含铁碳酸盐胶结。(3)多种成岩作用综合制约着致密砂岩储层的发展进程。煤系地层富含水生、陆生动植物遗体,沉积后至成岩早期有机质分解产生腐殖酸并形成酸性环境,早期碳酸盐胶结物不甚发育,碎屑颗粒间欠缺方解石胶结物支撑,压实... 相似文献
9.
《古地理学报》2017,(5)
利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素及流体包裹体等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组致密储集层特征进行了研究,重点分析了储集层成岩作用特征和储集层致密化成因机制及过程。研究区长8油层组砂岩主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,经历了压实—压溶、胶结、交代、溶蚀及构造破裂等成岩作用,整体处于中成岩A期晚期。典型成岩序列依次为机械压实、绿泥石黏土膜、早期(泥晶)方解石胶结、石英次生加大、长石、岩屑溶蚀、自生高岭石胶结、自生石英胶结、中期(含)铁方解石胶结。综合研究认为:(1)近物源伴随湖平面快速上升的沉积环境提供了储集层致密化的物质基础,不同沉积微相储集层物性差别较大,分流河道最好,分流间湾最差;(2)长8油层组原始孔隙度为41.35%,压实作用损孔率为50.67%,造成储集层孔隙度急剧降低,胶结作用损孔率为37.48%,导致孔隙度进一步减小,溶蚀作用仅增加了3.26%的孔隙度,难以有效改善储集层质量;(3)上述沉积与成岩因素共同导致储集层致密,致密化过程可分为压实孔隙骤减阶段、早期胶结减孔阶段、溶蚀作用增孔阶段和晚期胶结致密阶段共4个阶段;(4)油气大量充注期储集层孔隙度远低于10%,长8油层组先致密后成藏。 相似文献
10.
松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层(下白垩统泉 4段)储集层的渗透率平均值为1.53 × 10-3 μ m2,属于典
型的低渗透储集层。文中通过岩石铸体薄片、扫描电镜及 X衍射等技术,对三肇凹陷扶余油层储集层的岩石组
分、孔隙类型、成岩作用特征进行了识别鉴定。分析认为：储集层主要岩石类型为长石岩屑细砂岩和岩屑细砂
岩,成熟度较低;次生溶蚀孔隙提供了大量有效储集空间,所占比例甚至可达25%;储集层经历了压实、胶结、
交代、溶解、破裂等成岩作用,主要处于晚成岩阶段 A1期和A2期。压实、胶结作用等破坏性成岩作用使原生
孔隙遭到破坏,形成致密储集层;交代作用对储集层物性影响不大;溶解、破裂作用等建设性成岩作用使储集
层物性得到改善,形成次生孔隙发育带。孔隙度随深度增加呈逐渐增大趋势,与由有机质分解形成的酸性流体
使储集层中不稳定矿物发生溶蚀密切相关。这一研究对三肇凹陷低渗透储集层的开发具有指导作用。 相似文献
11.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
14.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
16.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
20.
S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献