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1.
浙东南后坑酸性蚀变岩帽地质及矿物学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蚀变岩帽在地表一般表现为陡倾的正地形，是高温、高氧逸度流体对围岩进行酸性淋滤，形成的一系列高级泥化和泥化等蚀变矿物组合。这种蚀变是浅成低温热液蚀变系统的一部分，其深部可能具有寻找斑岩型矿化的潜力。浙东南陆相火山岩地区普遍发育此种蚀变岩帽，但该类型蚀变常被前人定义为“次生石英岩”。本文选择其中典型的后坑蚀变岩帽，通过大比例尺蚀变填图、岩心编录，利用短波红外(ASD)、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS) 等分析技术手段，发现蚀变岩帽具有垂直方向和水平方向的蚀变矿物分带。垂直方向由深到浅依次发育刚玉-绢云母，绢云母-叶蜡石，明矾石-高岭石-地开石具分带特征；水平方向上从核部到边部依次发育多孔状石英-金红石、高级泥化带(明矾石-叶蜡石-高岭石-地开石-水铝石-Aluminum Phosphate and sulphates矿物)、泥化带(高岭石-伊利石-蒙脱石)。并得出以下几点认识：①后坑蚀变岩帽中明矾石短波红外特征吸收峰在1480~1491nm之间，以岩浆-热液成因的钾明矾石为主，含少量钠明矾石；②叶蜡石短波红外特征吸收峰在2167nm左右，分为两种成因：早期高级泥化阶段的绢云母经后期热液退变质蚀变而成以及早期高岭石经后期热液进变质作用形成；③蚀变岩帽根部的刚玉被后期热液蚀变形成绢云母，刚玉-绢云母蚀变带之下可能是黄铁绢英岩化带；④早期水铝石被后期热液蚀变形成地开石，代表了热液的多期次性；通过对比后坑蚀变岩帽与其他斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床(如Horse- Ivaal和Vuda等矿床)的蚀变矿物分带后，发现后坑蚀变岩帽蚀变矿物分带与这些典型矿床相似。本文认为后坑蚀变岩帽属于该成矿系统上部的浅成低温热液蚀变部分，其深部具有寻找斑岩矿床的潜力，同时提出浙东南其他发育在陆相火山岩中的蚀变岩帽也属于该蚀变系统，具有寻找斑岩型铜金矿床的较大潜力。 相似文献
2.
紫金山矿田东南矿段铜钼矿床地处紫金山浅成低温热液型铜金矿床和罗卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿床之间。利用近红外光谱技术测试蚀变矿物特征,并结合地质填图、钻孔编录和岩矿鉴定等工作,划分出钾化带、绿泥石绢英岩化带、黄铁绢英岩化带、地开石硅化带、明矾石地开石硅化带等5个蚀变带。钻孔编录和镜下观察发现,金属矿物分为2个期次,生成顺序为磁铁矿-黄铁矿（第1期）→赤铁矿→辉钼矿-黄铜矿-斑铜矿-黄铁矿（第2期）→硫砷铜矿-蓝辉铜矿-铜篮。矿化类型与蚀变分带关系密切：以黄铜矿+斑铜矿+辉钼矿为主的Ⅱ号矿体产出于绿泥石绢英岩化带,与罗卜岭铜钼矿的蚀变矿化特征相似;以蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝交代黄铜矿+斑铜矿为主的Ⅳ号主矿体主要产出于地开石硅化带和明矾石地开石硅化带底部;以蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+硫砷铜矿为主的Ⅴ号矿体产出于明矾石地开石硅化带,与紫金山铜金矿的蚀变矿化特征相似。明矾石温度分带显示具有罗卜岭斑岩和紫金山火山机构2个高温中心,中、低温混合明矾石化与Ⅳ号主矿体空间上呈显耦合关系。另外,Ⅳ号主矿体的云母矿物Al-OH吸收峰小于2205 nm。初步认为Ⅳ号主矿体是紫金山浅成低温热液叠加罗卜岭斑岩矿床外带所形成。 相似文献
3.
福建紫金山矿田西南铜钼矿段蚀变矿化特征及SWIR勘查应用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西南铜钼矿段位于中国著名的福建上杭县紫金山矿田内,是该矿田最新发现的另一个典型的斑岩型矿床。该矿床形成于白垩纪,矿化(浸染状和细脉浸染状)与成矿同期花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。围岩蚀变由深到浅分别为青磐岩化带、绢英岩化带、高级泥化-泥化蚀变带和氧化带。蚀变矿化期次可划分为:(早期)绢英岩化期、斑岩矿化期、浅成低温热液叠加期、成矿后期脉和表生期。其中,斑岩矿化期又可分为钾硅酸盐化阶段、青磐岩化阶段和(晚期)绢英岩化阶段;浅成低温热液叠加期主要为泥化-高级泥化蚀变。对比研究发现,西南矿段具有与典型斑岩矿床相似的矿化蚀变特征,但缺失钾化带且矿化规模小,成矿斑岩以岩枝状(非岩株状)水平侵位,产生非对称蚀变分带,据此推测西南矿段深部可能存在真正的成矿斑岩岩株和大储量及高品位的矿化中心。通过短波红外光谱(SWIR)研究发现,从矿化中心到外围,伊利石结晶度值(IC)和伊利石2200 nm吸收峰位值(Pos2200)均有明显的从高值到低值的变化趋势。此外,研究发现高IC值(2.1)和高Pos2200值(2203 nm)可作为紫金山地区勘查该类矿床的找矿标志。本研究可以为紫金山地区斑岩矿床的成矿规律认识和找矿勘查提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
利用岩相学、矿相学、电子探针等方法,研究了武平悦洋银多金属矿东矿段围岩蚀变、构造特征与成矿之间的关系。区内围岩蚀变具有分带性,垂向上从地表向深部,表现为从碳酸盐化带→水云母化+地开石化带→硅化+冰长石化带(银、金矿化)→绢云母化带(银铜矿化)的蚀变分带;北东向和北西向2组断裂中及其交会部位形成的围岩蚀变从矿体浅部到深部依次为黄铁矿化→黄铁矿化、硅化→绢云母化。蚀变带的空间展布及内部分带特征明显受矿区岩相的"三层结构"及断裂控制。矿化蚀变总体上分布于"三层结构"的中部层的紫金山复式岩体中。区内蚀变带是寻找低硫化型浅成低温热液矿床的重要找矿标志,浅部碳酸盐化带、中部硅化+冰长石化带、深部绢英岩化带,其中中部的硅化+冰长石化带是矿体的矿化蚀变带。 相似文献
5.
紫金山复式岩体两种成因类型的矿化蚀变特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建上杭紫金山铜(金)矿床是我省80年代新发现的中低温火山-次火山热液成因大型铜(金)矿床。本文根据地质八队紫金山外围1∶1万地质填图和岩石地球化学测量研究资料,从蚀变及矿化角度论述了紫金山复式岩体的蚀变组合类型及其分布形式以及蚀变与矿化关系等。指出紫金山复式岩体是 Cu、Mo、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn 多种金属成矿有利岩体,主要有两种成因类型蚀变和矿化,即斑岩热液型铜钼矿化和火山-次火山热液型铜金银多金属矿化以及二者叠加类型,表明这些矿化在矿源、成因、空间分布和成矿演化方面有着密切关系,与邻区玉水式矿化、砂岩型铜矿化等构成一个成矿系列,组成一个矿田。文中还对该区各种类型矿化的远景及进一步找矿问题作了探讨。 相似文献
6.
含明矾石蚀变岩帽是斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统顶部的标志性蚀变,但关于其找矿指向性矿物——明矾石的特征系统地研究不够,特别是如何通过明矾石矿物学特征有效判断蚀变岩帽下伏的成矿潜力,是目前的难题。中国东南沿海地区已探明了以紫金山金-铜矿床、大矾山蚀变岩帽为代表的多个大型斑岩-浅成低温矿床和含明矾石蚀变岩帽,是探讨该问题的理想对象。文章以大矾山蚀变岩帽（面积约8 km2）为研究对象,利用短波红外光谱、电子探针、X射线衍射等技术分析手段,开展明矾石的矿物组合、类型和波谱等方面研究。结果表明,大矾山蚀变岩帽主要蚀变矿物为石英、明矾石、叶腊石、地开石、高岭石、白云母及少量蒙脱石,具有蚀变分带特征,中间主要为石英-明矾石-地开石和地开石-叶腊石蚀变带,南部主要为白云母化-蒙脱石蚀变带,北部为高岭石-白云母蚀变带。研究区的明矾石全为钾质明矾石,按晶形可分为粒状、叶片状和纤维状3种类型,明矾石颗粒普遍发育环带,暗示其形成过程中流体具脉冲式特征。明矾石的短波红外特征吸收峰在1477.69~1479.98 nm之间,具有从东南向西北逐渐变大的趋势,反映出热源可能位于西北部。结合区域地质背景,笔者认为大矾山蚀变岩帽是典型的酸性蚀变岩帽,该区的西北部靠近热源中心,其深部沿断裂带具有寻找浅成低温热液铜（金）矿床的潜力。 相似文献
7.
西藏铁格隆南超大型铜(金、银)矿床地质、蚀变与矿化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
铁格隆南是班公湖-怒江成矿带西段重要的斑岩-浅成低温热液铜(金、银)矿床,也是西藏地区首个铜资源量超过1000万吨的超大型铜(金、银)矿床,其蚀变与矿化结构的精细解剖,对完善区域成矿理论和指导找矿实践有重要的指导意义。文章基于详细的野外地质调查、钻孔编录和镜下鉴定,识别出铁格隆南矿床具有斑岩和浅成低温热液叠加成矿作用特征。其中,斑岩成矿作用主要位于矿床深部及外围,以细脉状、脉状、浸染状黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿及少量辉钼矿等为主,蚀变为钾硅化、青磐岩化、黄铁绢英岩化,发育A、B、D型脉体。浅成低温热液成矿作用主要产于矿床中-浅部,叠加于斑岩成矿作用之上,以浸染状-脉状黄铁矿、硫砷铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿、斯硫铜矿、雅硫铜矿、久辉铜矿等Cu-S体系矿物为特征,蚀变为高级泥化,广泛发育N脉(即高岭石或明矾石-硫化物脉)。蚀变、矿化特征及脉体穿切关系揭示,矿床成岩成矿作用可细分为岩浆期(Ⅰ)、岩浆-热液期(Ⅱ)和表生期(Ⅲ)。成岩成矿年代学结果揭示,矿区内闪长玢岩侵位时代较早(123 Ma),代表岩浆活动上限;花岗闪长斑岩(122～120 Ma)是主要的含矿斑岩,与成矿作用关系最为密切;火山岩覆盖于地表,喷发时代较晚(111 Ma),代表成矿后岩浆活动的产物。钾硅化的黑云母和黄铁绢英岩化的绢云母40Ar-39Ar年龄分别(121.1±0.5) Ma、(120.8±0.9)Ma与斑岩成矿作用的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄((121.2±1.2) Ma)一致,而高级泥化的明矾石40Ar-39Ar年龄为(117.9±1.6)Ma与浅成低温热液矿化的黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄((117.5±1.8)Ma)一致。所以,依据时空关系,铁格隆南超大型矿床成矿作用可细分为岩浆热液成矿作用(123～119 Ma)、浅成低温热液成矿作用(118～117 Ma)和火山岩覆盖保存(111～110 Ma)3个阶段。 相似文献
8.
安徽庐枞盆地黄竹园银多金属矿床地质特征和关键金属赋存状态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄竹园银多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区东南缘,是成矿带断凹区火山岩盆地内首次发现的浅成低温热液型银多金属矿床,亟待开展矿床地质特征、金属元素特别是关键金属的赋存状态和矿床成因研究。黄竹园矿床矿体主要赋存于下白垩统砖桥组、双庙组火山岩及断裂破碎带中,呈层状、似层状产出;矿石类型主要有脉状、浸染状、细网脉状。本次工作基于矿床地质特征研究,通过对矿床中采集样品进行手标本及室内镜下观察、短波红外分析测试(SWIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)、电子探针分析(EPMA)和自动矿物综合分析(TIMA)等方法,阐明了矿床中的主要蚀变矿化特征和成矿期次,重点开展银和关键金属赋存状态及矿床成因类型研究。研究结果表明,黄竹园矿床总体表现出靠近矿体部位发育绢云母-伊利石化,向外围矿化较弱部位变为蒙脱石-高岭石化;根据不同的矿物共生组合及其相互关系,将矿床的成矿过程从早到晚分为无矿化石英脉阶段、石英-银矿物-硫化物脉阶段和石英-碳酸盐脉阶段,其中石英-银矿物-硫化物脉阶段为该矿床最重要的银、铜成矿阶段。主要的银矿物为自然银、硫铜银矿和硫汞铜银矿。矿床中的主要关键金属矿物为辉砷钴矿和铁硫砷钴矿,呈不规则粒状镶嵌在辉铜矿和黄铁矿边缘。通过黄竹园矿床与国内外其他浅成低温热液矿床地质特征对比,本次工作认为黄竹园矿床是高硫型浅成低温热液矿化叠加于斑岩型矿化之上的复合成矿的典型实例。通过与矿区北部钱铺酸性蚀变岩帽(1km)之间对比研究,提出黄竹园-钱铺酸性蚀变岩帽地区可能存在一大型"斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统",为庐枞盆地下一步深部找矿提供了方向。 相似文献
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乌奴耳矿床位于内蒙古东部大兴安岭造山带中段中生代火山岩覆盖区,为近年来新发现的陆相火山岩型多金属矿床.为了对该矿区的进一步深部找矿勘查工作提供围岩蚀变和岩石地球化学信息,对乌奴耳矿床进行了详细的野外地质特征研究、岩石蚀变分带研究和原生晕研究.乌奴耳矿床中存在多期多阶段矿化特征:第1阶段斑岩型钼矿化,主要产于矿床深部的花岗斑岩体内;第2阶段岩浆热液（隐爆角砾岩）型铅锌矿化,主要产于花岗斑岩体顶部及其附近围岩的隐爆角砾岩中;第3阶段浅成低温热液型铅锌银矿化,主要产于浅部张性断裂构造中.矿区内存在至少两期与成矿关系密切的构造事件,张性断裂构造是重要的控矿因素和找矿标志.乌奴耳矿床中具有明显的围岩蚀变分带特征,蚀变矿物分布与已知矿体产状具有较好的对应关系,是重要的找矿标志之一.岩石原生晕异常分布与已知矿体具有较好的对应关系,具有明显的前缘晕-近矿晕-尾晕元素组合分带特征,能够为乌奴耳矿床深部找矿提供可靠信息.综合以上主要找矿信息特征,预测在乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿段207勘探线剖面深部有盲矿体存在. 相似文献
10.
从区域尺度和矿床尺度两个方面论述了斑岩铜矿系统的特点.区域尺度上：1）斑岩铜矿多呈矿带或成矿域出现,带内众多斑岩铜矿呈簇或组合呈线状产出,这是构造作用控制下不连续岩株呈线状侵入就位的表现; 2）主要产于俯冲作用形成的岛弧和陆缘环境,构造应力属挤压但与中等拉张作用也有关,最近的研究证实大陆碰撞造山带也是斑岩型矿床产出的重要环境;3）其形成是通过具氧化性,S饱和,富含金属的岩浆熔体侵入所致,岩浆侵入作用为成矿提供了物质来源; 4）围岩的物理性质以及化学组成对矿床的规模、品位以及矿化类型具有极强的控制作用,碳酸盐岩围岩主要赋存近源Cu-Au夕卡岩矿床,少量远程Zn-Pb或Au夕卡岩矿床,在夕卡岩前缘还形成交代型Cu和Zn-Pb-Ag±Au矿床.矿床尺度上：1）含矿斑岩与斑岩型矿床时空相依,成因相联,是斑岩铜矿重要的含矿母岩和金属-S的可能载体;2）火山角砾岩筒在深部与矿化体平行或斜交,其与围岩的接触带,一般也是富硫金成矿带的一部分;3）与矿化有关的斑岩成矿系统内的角砾岩主要有爆发角砾岩、侵入角砾岩、爆发侵入角砾岩、热液角砾岩和热液卵石脉;4）斑岩铜矿系统中的热液蚀变自下而上可分为不含矿的早期钠质-钙质蚀变→含矿的钾化→绿泥石化-绢云母化→绢云母化→高级泥化,热液蚀变互相套合,矿化互相叠加;5）岩帽是斑岩型热液-成矿活动-蚀变体系的重要组成部分,是重要的找矿标志. 相似文献
11.
Advanced argillic lithocaps in the Bolivian tin-silver belt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zones of advanced argillic alteration constituting lithocaps are commonplace in the shallow parts of porphyry copper systems.
Similar lithocaps are also recognized in the shallowly eroded southern part of the Bolivian tin-silver belt, where mineralization
typically is centred on felsic volcanic domes. A well-preserved lithocap at Potosí is dominated by vuggy residual quartz and
contained the world's largest silver resource, whereas the basal remnant of a lithocap at Pulacayo is composed of barren quartz-alunite.
Minor gold occurs in the structurally controlled roots of a lithocap at Tasna. The mineralization in these lithocaps is of
high-sulphidation type and was generated in the epithermal environment. In contrast, the tin- and base metal-bearing massive
sulphide veins and associated sericitic and quartz-tourmaline alteration that underlie the Bolivian lithocaps are typified
by sulphides of low sulphidation state, but are dominantly mesothermal rather than epithermal in character. Magma chemistry
is believed to account for the characterization of Bolivian lithocaps by silver-tin-antimony and porphyry copper lithocaps
by gold-copper-arsenic. Low-grade, bulk-tonnage silver mineralization within Bolivian lithocaps and high-grade tin-bearing
veins concealed beneath them both constitute attractive exploration objectives.
Received: 13 February 1998 / Accepted: 11 March 1998 相似文献
12.
安徽庐枞盆地矾山酸性蚀变岩帽形成时代及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
酸性蚀变岩帽是岩浆热液流体和围岩在近地表相互作用的产物,是斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统的重要指标。发育在长江中下游成矿带庐枞盆地内的矾山酸性蚀变岩帽产出面积较大( 20km~2)。前人对该酸性蚀变岩帽中的明矾石矿床的地质和地化特征进行了相关研究,但详细的年代学研究工作尚未开展。为精确厘定矾山酸性蚀变岩帽的形成时代,本文开展了明矾石~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法和金红石原位U-Pb法定年。矾山酸性蚀变岩帽中明矾石共有三种类型:ⅠA型明矾石主要呈交代蚀变发生在热液蚀变早阶段,与石英、粒状黄铁矿或赤铁矿、少量金红石共生;ⅠB型明矾石形成于热液蚀变晚阶段,主要呈叶片状集合体充填在开放空间中,与石英、星点状赤铁矿、粒状金红石集合体共生,少量金红石和赤铁矿沿明矾石解理裂隙分布;Ⅱ型明矾石是表生明矾石,主要呈细粒集合体沿裂隙分布,与赤铁矿、高岭石、地开石共生。三类明矾石形成于不同环境下:ⅠA和ⅠB型明矾石形成于岩浆热液环境下,是大矾山明矾石矿区的主要产物;Ⅱ型细粒明矾石分布在矾山酸性蚀变岩帽的非明矾石矿区,是表生环境下的产物。ⅠA型明矾石的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年的坪年龄为131±6Ma,代表了矾山酸性蚀变岩帽的形成时代。与Ⅱ型明矾石密切共生的金红石U-Pb定年结果为32. 7±4Ma,在该期间,整个盆地内无岩浆活动发生,该年龄反映了矾山酸性蚀变岩帽经历表生氧化作用的时间。明矾石和金红石定年结果分别对应岩浆热液和表生明矾石的形成时代。在利用明矾石进行找矿工作时需先明确明矾石成因,矾山酸性蚀变岩帽中深成明矾石是下一阶段的找矿研究的基础。 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification method for determining the optimum threshold (maximum spectral angle) to unveil the hydrothermal mineral assemblages related to mineral deposits. The study area indicates good potential for Cu-Au porphyry, epithermal gold deposits and hydrothermal alteration well developed in arid and semiarid climates, which makes this region significant for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image processing analysis. Given that achieving an acceptable mineral mapping requires knowing the alteration patterns, petrochemistry and petrogenesis of the igneous rocks while considering the effect of weathering, overprinting of supergene alteration, overprinting of hypogene alteration and host rock spectral mixing, SAM classification was implemented for argillic, sericitic, propylitic, alunitization, silicification and iron oxide zones of six previously known mineral deposits: Maherabad, a Cu-Au porphyry system; Sheikhabad, an upper part of Cu-Au porphyry system; Khoonik, an Intrusion related Au system; Barmazid, a low sulfidation epithermal system; Khopik, a Cu-Au porphyry system; and Hanish, an epithermal Au system. Thus, the investigation showed that although the whole alteration zones are affected by mixing, it is also possible to produce a favorable hydrothermal mineral map by such complementary data as petrology, petrochemistry and alteration patterns. 相似文献
14.
Zonation of Sulfate and Sulfide Minerals and Isotopic Composition in the Far Southeast Porphyry and Lepanto Epithermal Cu–Au Deposits,Philippines 
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下载免费PDF全文 The world‐class Far Southeast (FSE) porphyry system, Philippines, includes the FSE Cu–Au porphyry deposit, the Lepanto Cu–Au high‐sulfidation deposit and the Victoria–Teresa Au–Ag intermediate‐sulfidation veins, centered on the intrusive complex of dioritic composition. The Lepanto and FSE deposits are genetically related and both share an evolution characterized by early stage 1 alteration (deep FSE potassic, shallow Lepanto advanced argillic‐silicic, both at ~1.4 Ma), followed by stage 2 phyllic alteration (at ~1.3 Ma); the dominant ore mineral deposition within the FSE porphyry and the Lepanto epithermal deposits occurred during stage 2. We determined the chemical and S isotopic composition of sulfate and sulfide minerals from Lepanto, including stage 1 alunite (12 to 28 permil), aluminum–phosphate–sulfate (APS) minerals (14 to 21 permil) and pyrite (?4 to 2 permil), stage 2 sulfides (mainly enargite–luzonite and some pyrite, ?10 to ?1 permil), and late stage 2 sulfates (barite and anhydrite, 21 to 27 permil). The minerals from FSE include stage 2 chalcopyrite (1.6 to 2.6 permil), pyrite (1.1 to 3.4 permil) and anhydrite (13 to 25 permil). The whole‐rock S isotopic composition of weakly altered syn‐mineral intrusions is 2.0 permil. Stage 1 quartz–alunite–pyrite of the Lepanto lithocap, above about 650 m elevation, formed from acidic condensates of magmatic vapor at the same time as hypersaline liquid formed potassic alteration (biotite) near sea level. The S isotopic composition of stage 1 alunite–pyrite record temperatures of approximately 300–400°C for the vapor condensate directly over the porphyry deposit; this cooled to <250°C as the acidic condensate flowed to the NW along the Lepanto fault where it cut the unconformity at the top of the basement. Stage 1 alunite at the base of the advanced argillic lithocap over FSE contains cores of APS minerals with Sr, Ba and Ca; based on back‐scattered electron images and ion microprobe data, these APS minerals show a large degree of chemical and S‐isotopic heterogeneity within and between samples. The variation in S isotopic values in these finely banded stage 1 alunite and APS minerals (16 permil range), as well as that of pyrite (6 permil range) was due largely to changes in temperature, and perhaps variation in redox conditions (average ~ 2:1 H2S:SO4). Such fluctuations could have been related to fluid pulses caused by injection of mafic melt into the diorite magma chamber, supported by mafic xenoliths hosted in diorite of an earlier intrusion. The S isotopic values of stage 2 minerals indicate temperatures as high as 400°C near sea level in the porphyry deposit, associated with a relatively reduced fluid (~10:1 H2S:SO4) responsible for deposition of chalcopyrite. Stage 2 fluids were relatively oxidized in the Lepanto lithocap, with an H2S:SO4 ratio of about 4. The oxidation resulted from cooling, which was caused by boiling during ascent and then dilution with steam‐heated meteoric water in the lithocap. This cooling also resulted in the sulfidation state of minerals increasing from chalcopyrite stability in the porphyry deposit to that of enargite in the lithocap‐hosted high‐sulfidation deposit. The temperature at the base of the lithocap during stage 2 was ≥300°C, cooling to <250°C within the main lithocap, and about 200°C towards the limit of the Lepanto orebody, approximately 2 km NW of the porphyry deposit. Approximate 300°C and 200°C isotherms, estimated from S isotopic and fluid inclusion temperatures during stage 1 and stage 2, shifted towards the core of the FSE porphyry deposit with time. This general retreat in isotherms was more than 500 m laterally within Lepanto and 500 m vertically within FSE as the magmatic–hydrothermal system evolved and collapsed over the magmatic center. During this evolution, there is also evidence recorded by large S isotopic variations in individual crystals for sharp pulses of higher temperature, relatively reduced fluid injected into the porphyry deposit. 相似文献
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西藏多龙矿集区典型矿床(点)矿化特征与成矿作用对比研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
西藏多龙矿集区是近年来中国新发现的具有世界级潜力的铜金矿集区。该矿集区现已查明多不杂、波龙、拿若和铁格隆南4个大型-超大型矿床,并新发现地堡那木岗和拿顿矿点。文章对上述矿床(点)脉体、蚀变、矿化和流体特征开展了系统研究和对比。结果表明,多不杂、波龙和拿若矿床矿化类型以斑岩型为主,同时钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化等蚀变广泛发育,而铁格隆南矿床除上述蚀变类型外,还叠加有高级泥化蚀变,并发育与之相关的浅成低温热液型矿化。根据脉体特征对比和流体包裹体温压计算推测,上述4个矿床矿化类型的差异可能由剥蚀深度的差异所引起(前三者剥蚀深度约为2～3 km,后者约为1～1.5 km)。此外,地堡那木岗矿点蚀变类型以绢英岩化、泥化为主,该矿点发育与斑岩型金矿中类似的深色条带状石英脉,指示该地区可能存在斑岩型金矿。拿顿矿点为典型的高硫型浅成低温热液型矿化,铜金矿体赋存于角砾岩筒中。野外地质调查表明,上述矿点地表蚀变岩盖(Lithocaps)发育,并且蚀变岩盖空间分布位置与下伏铜金矿体表现出良好的匹配关系,可有效地指导找矿勘查工作。流体包裹体实验进一步表明,铜金元素在斑岩型矿化中的沉淀可能与温度降低和氧逸度的变化有关,而在浅成低温热液型矿化中的沉淀则受控于温度的降低和流体的不混溶作用。最后,在前人年代学研究基础上,结合本次实验结果构建了该地区与成矿作用有关的时空演化模型。 相似文献
18.
近年,在中国赣南的会昌县年坑地区新发现一浅成低温热液银矿床,其矿体赋存在隐爆角砾岩筒内,隐爆角砾岩的胶结物由富锰碳酸盐类矿物(含锰白云石-锰白云石-菱锰矿-含锰方解石)-石英-白云母-含银硫盐(黝铜矿-硫银锗矿)-硫化物(辉银矿、方铅矿、半透明闪锌矿和黄铁矿)-自然银组成,成矿具有中硫化型特征.年代学研究表明,年坑银矿床形成于三叠纪(印支期),是华南地区首例印支期中硫化型的浅成低温热液矿床.对该矿的成矿时代和成矿特征的详细研究,指示华南地区具有寻找印支期同类型浅成低温热液银矿及相关斑岩钼或锡矿床的潜力. 相似文献
19.
Some metallogenic features of gold and copper deposits related to alkaline rocks and consequences for exploration 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Richard H. Sillitoe 《Mineralium Deposita》2002,37(1):4-13
Porphyry copper-gold, skarn copper-gold, sediment-hosted (Carlin-style) gold, breccia pipe, low-sulphidation epithermal gold, pluton-related (mesothermal or orogenic) gold vein and volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits associated with alkaline rocks are commonly broadly similar to those hosted by their calc-alkaline counterparts. In contrast, porphyry molybdenum-gold deposits are confined to alkaline igneous centres. Alkaline suites are notably deficient in high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits and even in the advanced argillic lithocaps which host them. This is surprising, given that the required oxidised sulphur species are seemingly more abundant than in calc-alkaline igneous centres. Highly efficient buffering of acidic fluid by metasomatised alkaline rocks may offer a viable explanation. All types of intrusion-related zinc deposits also appear to be poorly developed in alkaline provinces. The characteristics of several gold and copper deposits associated with alkaline rocks, including the giant Porgera, Cripple Creek, Ladolam, Olympic Dam and Phalaborwa examples, are judged to diverge appreciably from their most closely related deposit types, rendering them arguably unique. Most of these aberrant mineralisation styles may be due to variations in magmatic-fluid compositional and liberation characteristics consequent upon the extreme diversity of ore-related alkaline magmas. Most types of gold and copper deposits developed in calc-alkaline provinces also constitute exploration targets in and around alkaline igneous centres, although porphyry copper-gold and low-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits are considered to possess the greatest potential. Perhaps of even greater interest, however, is the possibility of encountering unconventional giant gold and copper deposits which lack closely analogous examples. If already-defined aberrant deposits are truly unique, then exploration designed specifically to detect additional examples is pointless. Furthermore, exploration for new unique deposits is difficult because their defining geological parameters are unknown. Alkaline rocks within or behind calc-alkaline arcs at convergent plate boundaries probably offer the greatest exploration potential, although anorogenic intracontinental extensional settings should not be ignored. 相似文献