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1.
对天山乌源1号冰川表面冰尘(Fz)及底部沉积层(Dz)的理化性质及真菌的多样性、群落结构、OTU的系统发育进行了比较分析。ITS克隆文库分析显示,依据99%相似性共得到26个真菌OTU,表面冰尘和底部沉积层分别为21和22个,其中17个为共有OTU。天山1号冰川中真菌以担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)占绝对优势,子囊菌门的真菌在Fz、Dz文库中的比例分别约为27%、57%。系统发育分析显示子囊菌门的真菌有14个OUT,8个属,其中Cladosporium仅分布在冰川表面(6.25%),而Aureobasidium仅出现冰川底部沉积层(8.93%)。另外6个属Tetracladium、Pseudeurotium、Fusarium、Penicillium、Simplicillium、Aspergillus在冰川底部和表面均有分布,但丰度明显不同,尤其是Aspergillus、Simplicillium在冰川底部沉积物中占优势(分别为17.86%、12.50%)。担子菌门的克隆主要来自Rhodotorula、Leucosporidium属,前者主要在分布冰川表面(12%),底部沉积层很少,后者在冰川表面及底部均有分布,分别占文库的比例为8.69%、12.50%。冰川表面和底部沉积层生态条件迥异,对其中的微生物系统发育类群具有明显的选择性。 相似文献
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笔者运用电子微束技术研究了地层中的真菌化石和干酪根,发现真菌化石与干酪根有许多相似处,而且在生油岩和干酪根中常常见有真菌化石存在.研究表明,通过真菌和其它菌类的生物化学作用,动物和植物都可以形成类脂化合物.真菌本身也可形成类脂化合物.残存的不易被溶解的有机物(包括茵类及被分解的生物残骸)富集形成干酪根.不同类型的干酪根,反映了菌类对有机体所进行的生化作用程度的不同.例如,Ⅰ型(腐泥型)干酪根反映有机体的分解最彻底,而Ⅲ型(腐殖型)干酪根表明有机体分解最不彻底.有机体被菌类分解得越完全,则类脂化合物产生得越多.生油的潜刀越大.所以,在地层中发现菌类残余物越多,干酪根的质量就越高,就越具生油潜力. 相似文献
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双壳纲的数目在1969—71年Treatise出版时,为6亚纲13目,52超科,186科,109亚科,3065属及亚属.至1980年Genera of Bivalvia(Vokes编)再版时,为6亚纲,14目,5亚目,61超科,196科,103亚科,4904属及亚属.另外喙壳纲Rostroconcha的3目,7科,37属及亚属已从本纲中分出.双壳纲工作者的人数,据1976年世界古生物工作者名册统计,共530人,其中古生代90人,中生代246人,新生代177人,不分时代的17人.这里面有少人兼顾数代,故有少量重复.这个统计不包括中国.苏联和发展中国家的统计也很不完全.据名册新版的预告中说,新名 相似文献
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以底栖动物为指示物种对天然破碎河段进行野外调查,并开展野外试验对天然河段进行人工隔离和定期采样分析,研究了栖息地隔离对底栖动物组成及河流生态的影响。结果表明,溶解氧含量在各隔离区中变化不一致;隔离区内动物密度、丰度和多样性均降低,隔离程度越高,降低越显著。从动物组成来看,蜉蝣目和双翅目的相对密度在隔离区中显著降低,蜻蜓目和双壳纲则增加。河流栖息地被隔离后,底栖群落经过一段波动周期后才表现出规律性变化趋势。由于水生昆虫在成虫阶段的飞行扩散,隔离区与天然河流之间仍存在较高的动物流通,但隔离区内的动物组成并不完全是天然河段内的子集。结合研究结果和中国河流实际,提出了保护河流生态及生物多样性的建议和对策。 相似文献
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动物粪便中的氮进入地下水和地表水有几种途径，包括粪便池的泄漏、疏忽的喷洒、地面迳流、不适当的排泄、大气扩散以及过度地粪便施肥等。动物粪便中的氮经硝化作用后，在浅表地下水中具有高度的可移动性，由于硝酸根结合阳离子的能力低，硝酸盐的浓度只能靠脱硝作用削弱，因此，土壤和含水层中的硝酸盐浓度高。 相似文献
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贵州郑家小洞内动物重金属含量及与土壤和水体的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对安顺郑家小洞内的动物和重金属污染进行调查研究,共获动物标本551号,隶属3门6纲10目20科29种（或类群）。对5个动物类群（螺类、马陆、斑灶马、蝙蝠粪和山蛩虫）、洞穴土壤和洞穴水的重金属含量进行了测定,研究了各动物类群的富集系数和洞穴土壤的污染指数并进行了评价。结果显示蝙蝠粪便中Zn的含量最高（670.5 mg/kg）,间接说明了洞穴外围环境中的Zn污染较为严重,马陆对Ni与斑灶马对Cr和Ni无富集能力。各元素在3个光带土壤中的平均值含量都超过了我国的土壤背景值,按顺序排列为Zn >Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd,水体为Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu> Pb > Hg > As > Cd。单项污染指数表明Hg、Ni和Zn为重污染,在3个光带中的平均值分别为5.11、3.18和3.20。从综合污染指数看,3个光带的平均值为2.17,属轻污染,说明该洞穴有重金属污染但不严重。 相似文献
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简要地阐明了显生宙初期带壳动物演化的生物地球化学背景的研究意义.从生态圈系统、沉积地质地球化学、水圈地球化学、大气圈地球化学以及地球化学成矿时代等方面论述显生宙初期带壳动物生物地球化学背景的特征. 相似文献
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安徽巢湖马家山地区下三叠统南陵湖组上段的4枚粪化石中含有牙形石,首次提供了三叠纪牙形动物被捕食的证据。粪化石颜色为黑灰色,压型保存,呈长条形或近椭圆形;含粪化石的围岩为暗色的泥质灰岩,含丰富有机质。依据粪化石的形状、保存状态,以及同层位共生化石组合等,初步推断粪化石的来源可能系同层位产出的节肢动物。粪化石内含有18枚牙形石,经鉴定发现包含有Neospathodus homeri,Neospathodus.sp.indet.I,Neospathodus.sp.indet.II等分子,它们系N.homeri牙形石带的带分子或重要化石,指示南陵湖组上段的时代为早三叠世奥伦尼克期斯帕斯亚期,这与前人对此区域的生物地层研究结果一致。 相似文献
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晚泥盆世磷质微球粒—可能的动物卵细胞 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
广西上泥盆统斜坡-盆地相灰岩中存在着数量丰富、保存完好的磷质微球粒.其大小250μm±,球状、椭球状,部分微球粒表面具脐状或对称型脐状浅凹.在球切剖面上微球粒的球壳、球幔和球幔中的斑块分异清楚.显微激光拉曼光谱微区分析表明:球壳、球幔和球幔斑块的共有成分是磷、碳.特有成分铁主要存在于球幔斑块中.这种成分特征与动物卵细胞在成岩和后生过程中经脱水、脱羧、脱甲基、脱氨基和脱硫后的细胞膜、细胞质和细胞器的成分较为一致.球壳和球幔与牙形石属Palmatolepis sp.的齿片和齿台的显微激光拉曼光谱微区分析结果非常类似,说明二者的成分和物质结构有较大的亲缘性.我们认为这种磷质微球粒很可能是牙形石动物排出的卵细胞,球壳、球幔和球幔斑块可能分别代表卵细胞的细胞膜、细胞质和细胞器,类似于现今的鱼卵.脐状或对称型脐状浅凹可能代表卵细胞的动、植物极和以其为始端进行有丝分裂的开始.我们的资料不支持磷质微球粒为牙形石动物分泌的珍珠的推断.该发现对正确识别地层记录中微球粒的特征和成因,揭示牙形石动物的分类位置、繁殖、演化和绝灭提供了新的资料. 相似文献
11.
CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
13.
Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献