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1.
新近纪以来中国构造演化特征与天然气田的分布格局 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
中国地处三大板块间的三角地带 ,是世界上新近纪以来构造运动活跃地区之一 ,与油气成藏及保存条件相关的主要特征是 :(1)在西部 ,古老造山带的重新活跃 ,在其前缘形成前陆盆地及逆冲构造 ,新近纪以来的急剧沉降、快速沉积 ,促进了深部源岩有机质的演化进程 ,也为生物气藏的形成创造了有利的地质条件 ;(2 )多期次的构造热事件及高热流值促进了有机质的快速演化、成藏 ,以及异常高压及泥拱等特殊构造的形成 ;(3)多期次构造运动为油气的快速运聚、幕式充注成藏提供了优质输导系统 ,为超晚期快速成藏提供了储聚场所 ;(4 )大断裂、岩浆及深部热流体的活动 ,不仅促进有机成因油气藏的形成 ,也是无机成因气的主要释放和聚集时期。新近纪以来构造演化特征在西部影响最广泛 ,也最深刻 ,形成的前陆盆地是中国重要天然气聚集区之一 ,是这些盆地本部气藏最终形成、定型时期 ,并在造山带内形成了近百个小型断陷盆地 ,形成了新的油气勘探领域。在中部 ,是四川盆地所有气田最终的形成、定型时期 ;在鄂尔多斯盆地促进了靖边至乌审旗地区天然气进一步富集。在东部 ,渤海海域形成一批大中型油气田 ,促进了其他盆地 (坳陷 )不同成因气藏的形成 ;在近海海域 ,既促进了有机成因气藏快速形成 ,也促进了无机成因非烃气藏以及无? 相似文献
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The Chinese landmass, as a composite region, consists of multiple small continental blocks, such as Sino-Korea, Yangtze, Tarim, etc., and orogenic belts. Because of its distinctive tectonosedimentary evolution, China’s oil/gas-bearing regions differ remarkably from that elsewhere in the world. For instance, in comparison to the Middle East oil/gas-bearing regions which are characterized by Mesozoic-Cenozoic marine oil/gas-bearing beds, early oil and gas discoveries in China are distributed mainly in Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins. Generation of oil from terrestrial organic matter, or terrestrial oil generation, and the formation of large oil/gas fields in continental sedimentary basins were previously the major characteristics of petroleum geology of China. However, in the past 20 years, a series of major oil and gas discoveries from marine strata have been made. Marine oil/gas fields in China are mainly distributed in the Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos basins, which are tectonically stable and covered with Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits. In these basins, hydrocarbon-bearing strata are of old age and the oil/gas fields are commonly deeply-buried. Cumulatively, 995 oil/gas fields have been found so far, making China the fourth largest oil-producing country and the sixth largest gas-producing country in the world. In terms of petroleum and natural gas geology, theories of hydrocarbon generation from continental strata, such as terrestrial oil generation and coal-generated hydrocarbons, etc., have been established. Significant progress has been made in research on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata, formation mechanisms of ultra-deep clastic reservoirs, and hydrocarbon accumulation in the continental subtle reservoir. Regarding research on the marine petroleum geology of China, with respect to the major characteristics, such as deeply-buried reservoirs, old strata, and multiple phases of transformation, important advances have been made, in areas such as the multiple-elements of hydrocarbon supply, formation of reservoirs jointly controlled by deposition, tectonic activities, and diagenetic fluid-rock reactions, and oil/gas reservoirs formed through superimposed multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation. As more and more unconventional hydrocarbon resources are discovered, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are under study by Chinese petroleum geologists, who endeavor to come up with new discoveries on their formation mechanisms. 相似文献
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<正>Complex superimposed basins exhibit multi-stage tectonic events and multi-stage reservoir formation;hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in the early stage have generally late-stage genesis characteristics after undergoing adjustment,reconstruction and destruction of later-stage multiple tectonic events.In this paper,this phenomenon is called the late-stage reservoir formation effect.The late-stage reservoir formation effect is a basic feature of oil and gas-forming reservoirs in complex superimposed basins,revealing not only multi-stage character,relevance and complexity of oil and gas-forming reservoirs in superimposed basins but also the importance of late-stage reservoir formation. Late-stage reservoir formation is not a basic feature of oil and gas forming reservoir in superimposed basins.Multi-stage reservoir formation only characterizes one aspect of oil and gas-forming reservoir in superimposed basins and does not represent fully the complexity of oil and gas-forming reservoir in superimposed basins.We suggest using "late-stage reservoir formation effect" to replace the "late-stage reservoir formation" concept to guide the exploration of complex reservoirs in superimposed basins. Under current geologic conditions,the late-stage reservoir formation effect is represented mainly by four basic forms:phase transformation,scale reconstruction,component variation and trap adjustment.The late-stage reservoir formation effect is produced by two kinds of geologic processes: first,the oil and gas retention function of various geologic thresholds(hydrocarbon expulsion threshold,hydrocarbon migration threshold,and hydrocarbon accumulating threshold) causes the actual time of oil and gas reservoir formation to be later than the time of generation of large amounts of hydrocarbon in a conventional sense,producing the late-stage reservoir formation effect;second, multiple types of tectonic events(continuously strong reconstruction,early-stage strong reconstruction, middle-stage strong reconstruction,late-stage strong reconstruction and long-term stable sedimentation) after oil and gas reservoir formation lead to adjustment,reconstruction and destruction of reservoirs formed earlier,and form new secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs due to the late-stage reservoir formation effect. 相似文献
4.
Multiple-Element Matching Reservoir Formation and Quantitative Prediction of Favorable Areas in Superimposed Basins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Huaijie PANG Xiongqi WANG Zhaoming YU Qiuhu HUO Zhipeng MENG Qingyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1035-1054
<正>Superimposed basins in West China have experienced multi-stage tectonic events and multicycle hydrocarbon reservoir formation,and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered widely in basins of this kind.Most of the complex hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by relocation,scale re-construction,component variation and phase state transformation,and their distributions are very difficult to predict.Research shows that regional caprock(C),high-quality sedimentary facies(Deposits,D),paleohighs(Mountain,M) and source rock(S) are four geologic elements contributing to complex hydrocarbon reservoir formation and distribution of western superimposed basins.Longitudinal sequential combinations of the four elements control the strata of hydrocarbon reservoir formation,and planar superimpositions and combinations control the range of hydrocarbon reservoir and their simultaneous joint effects in geohistory determine the time of hydrocarbon reservoir formation.Multiple-element matching reservoir formation presents a basic mode of reservoir formation in superimposed basins,and we recommend it is expressed as T-CDMS. Based on the multiple-element matching reservoir formation mode,a comprehensive reservoir formation index(Tcdms) is developed in this paper to characterize reservoir formation conditions, and a method is presented to predict reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in superimposed basins.Through application of new theory,methods and technology,the favorable reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in the Ordovician target zone in Tarim Basin in four different reservoir formation periods are predicted.Results show that central Tarim,Yinmaili and Lunnan are the three most favorable regions where Ordovician oil and gas fields may have formed.The coincidence of prediction results with currently discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs reaches 97%.This reflects the effectiveness and reliability of the new theory,methods and technology. 相似文献
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中国中西部小型克拉通盆地群的叠合复合性质及其含油气系统 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
中国中西部盆地油气资源潜力巨大,是晚古生代一早中生代一新生代大型造山带环绕的小型克拉通盆地,盆地核心为构造相对稳定的小型克拉通,边缘环绕构造活跃的前陆冲断带。与北美、欧洲等大型含油气盆地相比,中国含油气盆地规模小、构造活动性强。盆地普遍经历：（1）寒武—志留纪,各自漂离于大洋中的小型克拉通盆地;（2）泥盆—二叠纪,亚欧板块南缘地体增生;（3）三叠—古近纪,特提斯洋关闭,陆相断（坳）陷盆地;（4）新近纪以来,再生前陆盆地等四个构造演化阶段。从下而上叠合了早古生代海相克拉通盆地、晚古生代海陆交互相克拉通盆地、早中生代陆相断（坳）陷盆地和新生代再生前陆盆地四个构造层序。古生界克拉通盆地构造相对稳定,古生代发育多期不整合界面和大型古隆起;中新生代前陆盆地叠置复合在其边缘,发育成排成带的构造。中国含油气盆地的叠合-复合性质决定了其叠合-复合含油气系统的特征：具有多油气系统、多源多阶段生烃、多期成藏、多层系含油气。中国中西部盆地的油气勘探主要包括古生界小型克拉通层序和中新生代前陆层序两大领域,其中早古生代克拉通层序以古隆起及其斜坡、晚古生代克拉通层序以大面积岩性储集体、中新生代前陆盆地以大型冲断带控制着油气的成藏与富集。 相似文献
6.
ZHANG Kang WANG Junling Petroleum Exploration Production Institute SINOPEC Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):117-126
1 Introduction The craton is a relatively stable continent block which is covered by thick sediments forming significant petroliferous basins and groups of great oil and gas fields. Ivanhoe et al. (early 1990’s) indicated that about half of the 509 large oil and gas fields in the world were related to craton basins (Ivannoe and Leckie, 1993). Mann et al. (2001) suggested that 54.7% of the 592 large fields were developed in the cratonic sag basins and about 30% located in the rifts and depres… 相似文献
7.
Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays. 相似文献
8.
川西坳陷东坡沙溪庙组气藏成藏演化模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
川西坳陷东坡气藏主力产层为沙溪庙组,其圈闭类型以构造-岩性圈闭为主,多为致密砂岩储层,但断层发育,有效改善了储层物性,断砂匹配样式与构造演化对油气成藏过程有重要影响。基于前人已有的认识,通过沙溪庙组气藏成藏动力演化、气水分布特征及生烃期次分析,结合构造演化、成藏幕次等研究,认为沙溪庙组天然气成藏受构造古隆起、断砂配置、储层物性、构造演化影响,形成了“构造控向、断砂控运、储层控藏、演化控调”的成藏演化模式,同中存异,高庙子地区古构造的控制作用更为明显,而中江地区岩性控制作用占主导。沙溪庙组气藏间歇性充注具“燕山期三幕成藏,喜山期调整改造”的成藏特征,多期构造演化和较强的储层非均质性影响了含气饱和度,导致沙溪庙组气藏分布、气藏产能差异大。 相似文献
9.
Xiongqi Pang Chengzao Jia Junqing Chen Maowen Li Wenyang Wang Qinhong Hu Yingchun Guo Zhangxin Chen Junwen Peng Keyu Liu Keliu Wu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):695-711
The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resources distributed in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field and the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field,which contains 90%of original generated hydrocarbons,implying a reasonable and promising area for future hydrocarbon explorations.The buried depths of hydrocarbon dynamic fields become shallow with the increase of heat flow,and the remaining oil/gas resources mainly exist in the deep area of“cold basin”with low geothermal gradient.Lithology changing in the hydrocarbon dynamic field causes local anomalies in the oil/gas dynamic mechanism,leading to the local formation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field or the occurrence of oil/gas enrichment sweet points with high porosity and permeability in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field.The tectonic movements destroy the medium conditions and oil/gas components,which leads to the transformation of conventional oil/gas reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field to unconventional ones or unconventional ones formed in confined and bound hydrocarbon dynamic fields to conventional ones. 相似文献
10.
中国中西部前陆盆地多期成藏、晚期聚气的成藏特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
中国中西部前陆盆地具有优越的天然气成藏条件,同时具有晚期成藏的特征。文中在典型气藏解剖的基础上重点讨论了川西、柴北缘和准南缘前陆盆地的成藏过程,从而指出中国中西部前陆盆地具有多期聚集、晚期聚气的成藏特征,明确指出中国中西部前陆盆地具有最主要的两大成藏期,一是燕山晚期,主要是被动陆缘或中部前陆盆地三叠系烃源岩的油气聚集期;二是喜山晚期,受新构造运动影响,主要是西部陆内前陆盆地的中、新生界烃源岩的天然气成藏期和中部周缘前陆盆地的天然气的调整期。新近纪前陆盆地的发育期控制了中国中西部前陆盆地以中生界煤系烃源岩为主的晚期天然气的聚集。 相似文献
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中国三大海相盆地原型及对油气形成原始物质条件的控制,古生代多次构造运动和中新生代差异性迭加改造对海相碳酸盐岩层系油气成藏、富集的控制作用,以及复杂构造区及超深层海相油气动态成藏过程与富集规律,是制约海相油气勘探发现的关键科学问题。研究认为,在不同板块构造旋回背景下,中国三大克拉通不同时期盆地原型及其沉积模式存在明显差别,可分为台内坳陷、被动大陆边缘和裂谷(陷)三大组合类型,其中被动大陆边缘可以分为陡坡、缓坡两种类型,形成了海相地层内多种类型的源-储配置关系;显生宙以来几次全球板块构造重组,特别是晚三叠世以来在多板块俯冲会聚构造格局下,三大海相克拉通盆地分别经历了4次迭加改造并形成了相应的陆相盆地原型,形成了多种类型的迭加改造地质结构,包括:山前带冲断-褶皱、差异沉降-隆升、多重滑脱构造、深断裂的走滑活动、构造-岩浆作用形成的相关构造;塔里木台盆区“大埋深、高压力、低地温”条件下的生烃抑制控制了油气分布,液态烃分布深度可以超过10 000 m,加里东中晚期和海西期古构造高部位控制了早期油气的运聚,燕山晚期—喜马拉雅期活动的走滑断裂带控制了晚期高熟油气的富集;四川盆地古隆起、古斜坡控制了原始油气聚集,形成了特殊的古油藏烃源灶,后期深埋裂解产生的油型裂解气成了大中型气田的主要气源,晚白垩世之后大规模褶皱变形和抬升剥蚀造成了盆地内流体压力系统重组再造,按照改造程度将油气聚集保存模式划分为:(1)弱改造型,常规、非常规气可在原位长期保存;(2)中改造型,常规气调整再成藏,页岩气规模富集;(3)强改造型,常规气藏大多遭破坏,部分非常规气藏得以保存。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系天然气具有“两源三向”的特征,天然气成藏与不整合面-地层层序界面、岩性-岩相变化密切相关,气藏普遍经历了一次调整过程。 相似文献
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当前全球火山岩油气勘探进入重要阶段,为客观评估其地位和前景,有必要对其研究历程进行系统的回顾和认识。通过较为广泛的文献调研,将这一历程整体上划分为四个阶段——从最初偶然发现所带来的兴奋(偶然发现阶段,1949年之前),进入了漫长的低潮时期(缓慢发展阶段,1950—1979年),之后逐渐升温(局部突破阶段,1980—1999年),并走向成熟(成熟阶段,2000年至今)。分析总结认为,印度尼西亚的Jatibarang油气田、中国的徐深气田、克拉美丽气田、长深气田、纳米比亚的Kudu气田等为典型的大型火山岩油气田。从出现频度上看,目前已发现的火山岩油气藏主要出现在中新生界,如侏罗系、白垩系、古近系和新近系中所出现的频率较高;其次是晚古生界。从全球范围来看,各种岩性的火山岩都可能具有形成有效储层的潜力。在一些盆地中,火山岩储层下伏地层中烃源岩层的发现,使得传统意义上将这些火山岩视为这些盆地基底的认识得以改变,其基底可考虑进一步向深部修正和调整,油气勘探也得以向深部发展。目前来看,火山岩油气藏勘探的重点区域依次有:环太平洋构造域的中新生界火山岩油气藏,古亚洲洋构造域的晚古生界火山岩油气藏,特提斯洋构造域(如其西端的环地中海区域)的火山岩油气藏等。 相似文献
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中国油气藏破坏类型及分布 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
综合考虑油气藏破坏的多种因素，结合含油气系统、盆地发展演化特征，基于油气藏形成、演经的构造运动特征，把中国油气藏破坏类型分为沉积不足、流体冲洗、褶皱变动、油藏抬升、油藏沉降、断裂活动和深部动力破坏型七类，并选择典型油气藏分类型进行部析。在此基础上油气盆地分为东部拉张型、中部克拉通内部坳陷型、西部造山带挤压型三类。通过21个盆地和112个典型油气藏的调查与解剖性研究，归纳出三大类盆地的油气藏破坏特征。西部盆地油气破坏类型多样，主要以油气抬升、流体冲洗和断裂活动破坏型为主；中部分轩以油藏抬升破坏型为主，其次是断裂活动破坏型；东部盆地油藏保存条件好，油气藏破坏以油藏抬升、断裂活动破坏型为主。 相似文献
15.
郯庐断裂带是新生代以来中国东部大陆大地构造演化中最重要的构造带之一,对郯庐断裂的认识制约了大型盆地的形成演化的认识及油气资源的评价。本文在野外实地调查的基础上,从郯庐断裂带与地层的穿切关系入手,借助最新的地震反射剖面以及第一手野外资料,判定郯庐断裂带在新生代早期经历了强烈的活动,表现为左旋兼具逆冲的性质。通过分析覆盖在郯庐断裂带之上火山岩中的断裂发育样式和地震反射剖面上的地层覆盖关系,认为中新世以来,相当于渤海湾盆地的东营运动之后,构造应力场发生了变化,郯庐断裂带不再有显著的活动,发育了新的断裂体系。郯庐断裂新生代兼有垂向位移的走滑活动奠定了中国东部古近纪盆地形成、沉积演化和油气资源成藏的基本格局。 相似文献
16.
中国沉积盆地深层的油气勘探实践不断取得进步,提出了与之密切相关的油气地质基础科学问题,凝练与分析这些问题将为深化我国沉积盆地深层地质研究与油气勘探提供引领。近年来,我国在深层海相碳酸盐岩、砂砾岩、火山岩、变质岩与页岩气等勘探领域中发现了一系列大型油气田,油气勘探发现深度推进到7 000～8 500m,勘探前景良好。但由于沉积盆地深层经历了长期构造演化,温、压场与应力场变化大,地质结构多变,油气成藏过程复杂,深层油气勘探面临着一系列关键地质问题,主要包括:中国大陆的形成演化及其构造-古地理,中国小克拉通地块之上海相盆地的原型及演化,中国沉积盆地的多期改造过程与叠加地质结构,沉积盆地的成因机制与动力学演化,深层烃源岩发育、成烃机制及其演化,深层储集体的形成机制与分布,深层油气成藏机制,多期叠加、改造背景下油气聚集与分布规律,深层页岩气赋存机制与分布规律,过程导向的沉积盆地4D动态模拟。我国沉积盆地深层的油气地质基础研究与实际应用需求相比有较大差距,需要立足于中国大陆实际,在盆地的形成演化过程与油气成藏动力学等方面进行深入探索,期望在活动论构造-古地理、三维构造复原、流体-岩石相互作用与四维动态模拟方面取得实质性进展。 相似文献
17.
含油气盆地油气同位素地球化学研究概述 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：18
以气体地球化学国家重点实验室工作为主，简要概述了对我国含油气的同位素地球化学研究。1．烃气的同位素地球化学：讨论了天然气成因新模式与气藏烃气同位素组成的关系，低演化阶段天然气同位素分馏的二阶段模式，云南中小盆地天然气低演化系列同位素特征及用储层解析气作油气源对比。2．稀有气体同位素地球化学：阐述了^3He/^4He值与中国构造分区，幔源氮的复合成藏和幔源甲烷问题以及气源对比等。3．液态烃同位素地球化学：简述了轻烃碳氢同位素特征及氢同位素作为判别古沉积介质盐度的指标，概述了未熟一低熟油同位素特征及在自然剖面上油和源油抽提物碳同位素分馏特征及其机理。 相似文献
18.
隐蔽油气藏研究的难点和前沿 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
隐蔽油气藏已成为中国油气勘探的主要领域之一。随着勘探程度的提高,隐蔽油气藏勘探向复杂条件拓展,深层隐蔽油气藏发育与保存、不整合面结构与隐蔽油气藏分布、调整改造型隐蔽油气藏形成和保存机理成为隐蔽油气藏勘探和成藏机理研究的难点和前沿。深部存在活跃源岩和具有较高孔隙度和渗透率的储层是深层隐蔽油气藏成藏的基础。超压环境生烃作用动力学的研究进展提高了预测深层源岩生烃潜力的能力,已知的深层高孔隙度储层保存机理可成为预测深部储层孔渗条件的基础。不整合面结构特别是古土壤层的厚度及封闭能力、古土壤层之下半风化岩层的厚度及渗透率是研究与不整合面有关的隐蔽油气藏的关键。由于多期构造叠加、多期生烃和多期成藏,叠合盆地很多隐蔽油气藏经历了不同程度的调整改造,形成有成因联系的一系列调整改造型隐蔽油气藏,研究晚期构造与早期构造的叠加方式是预测调整改造型隐蔽油气藏的基础。准噶尔盆地中部,隐蔽油气藏同时具有埋藏深、不整合面结构复杂、多期成藏多期调整改造的特点,是建立复杂隐蔽油气藏成藏与勘探理论的天然实验室。 相似文献
19.
四川盆地是我国典型的多旋回盆地,更是最重要的天然气基地,发现了大量的常规、致密砂岩、页岩气田。具有海相、海陆过渡相、陆相垂向叠加与平面分区明显、纵向多期构造运动叠加改造的特点,形成了全盆地、全层系含气。本文以普光气田、涪陵页岩气田和中江致密砂岩气为实例,阐述了叠合-复合控藏的概念,即叠合盆地油气成藏和富集的各种要素均受相互关联的多种因素的控制,不同要素间既有时间上的累加和空间上的叠置,也有横向上地质体因某种原因而结合在一起,比如构造与岩性体、构造与地层等。叠合控制油气的形成与演化,复合控制油气的富集与定位,进一步论述明确多旋回盆地叠合-复合控藏研究内容对油气勘探研究与实践具有重要的指导意义。通过对四川盆地典型大型气田实例剖析,表明四川盆地大型气田均是受多旋回盆地叠合-复合控藏的结果,即叠合控制油气的形成与演化,复合控制油气的富集与定位。本文系统分析总结四川盆地大型气田油气形成、成藏与富集规律,结合四川盆地勘探开发现状,针对四川盆地多旋特征提出油气勘探三个方面的重点研究内容:(1)构造古地理研究,厘清构造格局、储层、烃源和圈闭空间的叠合、复合关系以及对油气形成的控制作用;(2)区域地质构造演化研究,明确不同期次构造叠合关系以及对成油、成气、油气富集的控制作用;(3)构造分级与控藏研究,精细构造分级明确不同级次构造对气水关系、富集、储层改造控制作用。 相似文献
20.
中国大型气田形成的主要条件及潜在勘探领域 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20世纪90年代以来,中国天然气工业进入了快速发展的阶段。天然气探明地质储量和天然气产量的高速增长主要依赖于大、中型气田的发现,全国天然气探明地质储量和探明可采储量的89%主要分布于地质储量大于100×108m3的大、中型气田中。近年来很多新领域天然气勘探取得了重大进展,文中通过总结中国大、中型气田的地质特点和形成条件,提出中国大、中型气田的形成主要受控于四大因素:(1)煤成气和油型气是中国主要的天然气成因类型,煤系和高过成熟海相烃源岩是大、中型气田形成的气源基础;(2)大面积分布的孔隙型储层是天然气的主要储集类型,包括大型河流三角洲砂体、大面积礁滩型灰岩、风化壳型碳酸盐岩、溶蚀白云岩、火山岩等;(3)煤系及膏泥岩是大、中型气田保存的优质区域盖层;(4)前陆盆地大型构造圈闭和克拉通盆地、断陷盆地大面积岩性圈闭是大、中型气田聚集的关键。未来天然气勘探领域主要是前陆盆地、克拉通盆地大型海相碳酸盐岩和河流-三角洲砂岩岩性体、东部断陷盆地的深层、东海和南海海域。 相似文献