共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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和田玉在中国有着悠久的开采和使用历史,在中国的玉石文化中占有重要地位。根据产状,大理岩型和田玉的成因类型可分为接触交代型(矽卡岩型/岩浆热液型)、区域变质和变质热液型,其中接触交代型最重要也是优质和田玉的主要成因类型。根据围岩的年龄、和田玉中锆石或云母测年得到的矿带形成年龄以及区域地理位置,可将中国大理岩型和田玉划分为西昆仑矿带的新疆(形成年龄上限为450～350 Ma)、东昆仑矿带的青海省格尔木(形成年龄为300～240 Ma)、东北地区(河磨玉约250～150 Ma,老玉约1 700 Ma)、西南地区、中南地区(火山岩约682±62 Ma,辉绿岩约260 Ma)和华东地区等6个矿带,本文主要总结了这6个矿带大理岩型和田玉矿床的地质产状、矿物组成、全岩主微量元素特征、成矿流体组成、锆石/云母年龄及空间分布和成矿规律。和田玉的主要矿物为透闪石。接触交代型和田玉的成矿流体主要由岩浆水、大气降水和围岩白云石大理岩脱碳产生的CO2以不同比例混合组成,成矿物质Mg和Ca来自白云石大理岩,Si和H2O来自岩浆热液(如新疆和田矿带)。和田玉的形成主要经历... 相似文献
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小灶火软玉矿床位于东昆仑造山带西段,同新疆和田玉处于昆仑山脉同一条成矿带上。该矿床软玉种类主要为青玉,其中透闪石含量达99%以上,为特殊的镁矽卡岩矿床。对该矿区青玉及其相关的黑云二长花岗岩进行了系统的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石微量元素、U-Pb及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果显示,黑云二长花岗岩中均为具典型韵律振荡环带的岩浆成因锆石,锆石U-Pb定年得到其成岩年龄为415.8±1.7 Ma;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为1.5~6.6,亏损地幔Hf模式年龄(tDM)为779~965 Ma,指示黑云二长花岗岩为东昆仑原特提斯造山带后碰撞阶段新生的新元古代地壳物质熔融的产物。青玉中的锆石可分为两类,其中主要锆石群——I类锆石呈补丁状环带、面状环带或无环带,且具有与黑云二长花岗岩中的岩浆锆石明显不同的稀土元素及Hf同位素特征,显示典型的热液锆石特点,其U-Pb年龄416.4±1.5 Ma代表了青玉的形成时间;II类锆石(416 Ma、471 Ma、818 Ma)呈韵律振荡环带,为热液流体从围岩中捕获的继承锆石。小灶火地区成岩-成矿作用的同时性(~416 Ma)表明岩浆岩侵入是软玉矿床形成的岩浆岩条件,软玉成矿作用方式为热液交代和充填作用。值得注意的是,用热液锆石的Hf同位素来示踪软玉成矿流体性质时应十分谨慎,因为成矿热液中的Hf元素在同时结晶的两种不同矿物(热液锆石和透闪石)间发生了重新分配。 相似文献
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北秦岭构造带广泛发育与古生代洋壳俯冲和碰撞造山有关的岩浆活动以及与造山过程有关的变质作用,但古生代热液脉型矿床在北秦岭构造带少见报道。银洞沟银金多金属矿为北秦岭构造带东部的一处中型热液脉型矿床,本文通过对该矿床赋矿围岩和含矿石英脉中锆石开展LA- MC- ICP- MS U- Pb测年和锆石成因研究,确定了矿床的形成时代,并探讨了矿床的成矿动力学背景。结果表明赋矿围岩黑云母二长花岗岩的形成时代为431. 4±2. 1 Ma,含矿石英脉中锆石结晶年龄为419. 4±5. 9 Ma,石英脉中锆石的岩相学、锆石中矿物和流体包裹体及锆石微量元素研究表明419. 4 Ma代表矿床的形成时代。结合前人的研究结果,确定银洞沟银金多金属矿为形成于晚志留世的造山型矿床,成矿作用与碰撞期后～420 Ma的变质作用密切相关,成矿流体来源于地层的变质脱水,成矿物质主要来源于秦岭岩群和二郎坪群。 相似文献
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《世界地质》2021,(3)
塔东铁矿体主要呈层状、似层状或透镜状赋存于塔东群拉拉沟组,矿石类型以磁铁角闪岩为主,具典型条带状构造。通过对拉拉沟组赋矿岩石-黑云钾长片麻岩进行岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,确定该矿床的形成时代、构造背景以及成因类型。显微岩相学及全岩主微量元素研究结果表明,黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩为流纹质-英安质火山凝灰岩,形成于板块俯冲背景下的大洋岛弧构造环境。黑云钾长片麻岩的锆石CL图像和U-Pb定年结果显示,19个岩浆锆石测点加权平均年龄为(725.6±7.4) Ma,代表其原岩形成时限,间接指示了塔东铁矿赋矿地层的沉积时代为新元古代中期。通过与邻区铁矿的对比研究表明,塔东铁矿的成矿时代较晚、矿石类型特殊,与典型BIF铁矿相差较大。综上所述,塔东铁矿矿床成因类型应为火山沉积变质型。 相似文献
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燕山期花岗岩是亚婆绿岩体重要组成部分，以往的研究主要通过全岩地球化学来约束其成因和岩浆来源，缺乏对岩体锆石的岩相学、微量元素地球化学研究。本文对亚婆绿岩体二长花岗岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学及微量元素和Hf同位素研究，约束其成岩时代，探讨岩体锆石成因及岩浆源区特征。锆石U-Pb定年显示亚婆绿岩体二长花岗岩侵位年龄为153.6±1.2Ma，属燕山早期岩浆活动的产物；其中锆石发育典型的振荡环带，具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常，属岩浆锆石，形成于陆壳环境。结合亚婆绿岩体二长花岗岩的Lu-Hf同位素特征，认为其为壳源岩石重熔的产物，岩浆物质源于下地壳的改造、再循环。 相似文献
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《地质与勘探》2020,(4)
最近在西藏直孔地区冲尼村附近识别出一套二叠纪岛弧玄武岩。本文报道了其岩相学、全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学数据,探讨了其岩石成因和构造背景。锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析显示,玄武岩浆结晶年龄为270.8±2.1 Ma,时代属中二叠世;全岩地球化学分析表明:冲尼玄武岩为钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损,无Eu异常,微量元素蛛网图显示,冲尼玄武岩亏损高场强元素(HFSE),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)。综合区域地质调查研究成果,中二叠世冲尼岛弧玄武岩形成于直孔-松多古特提斯洋向北俯冲消减的构造背景下,由俯冲板片之上经流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成。 相似文献
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西藏赛角铜金矿闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学特征及成矿意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
赛角铜金矿是西藏多龙超大型铜金矿集区的组成矿床之一,目前对其成岩成矿时代、矿床成因等方面的认识程度还很低,制约了对多龙矿集区成矿潜力的全面认识。对赛角闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素、全岩主量和微量元素、锆石Hf同位素测试。测得闪长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为120.5±1.2Ma,该年龄被解释为岩浆结晶年龄。全岩主量和微量元素分析显示,闪长岩为中钾—高钾钙碱性岩石,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,具有活动大陆边缘弧岩浆岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,锆石εHf(t)值为+5.4~+12.1,平均值为+9.0,二阶段Hf模式年龄为373~743Ma,平均值为545Ma,表现出明显的幔源特征。赛角铜金矿的形成受控于班公湖—怒江洋陆俯冲体系,成岩成矿岩浆是板片流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的基性母岩浆与新生下地壳部分熔融形成的酸性岩浆混合的产物。 相似文献
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内蒙古赤峰山湾子金矿床位于赤峰—朝阳金成矿带东部,产于早白垩世义县组一段安山岩中。为了研究该矿床成矿年龄及成因特征,本文对该矿床流体包裹体岩相学,显微测温,氢、氧同位素和年代学研究表明:流体包裹体主要以纯液相包裹体为主,少量气-液两相包裹体。包裹体气体成分主要是H2O和CO2,反应了成矿流体为NaClH2O-CO2体系。均一温度变化范围为219～49℃,盐度为0.35%～3.23%NaCleqv,属于低温低盐度范畴。成矿压力为2.7～33.8 MPa,成矿深度为2.78 km左右,表明矿床具浅成特征。利用LA-ICP-MS方法锆石U-Pb测年,获得赋矿围岩安山岩的形成年龄为(123.59±1.0)Ma和(124.5±0.68)Ma,对成矿时代进行了限制,即成矿时代不早于早白垩世。综合矿床地质特征和成矿流体研究,认为山湾子金矿床属低硫化浅成低温热液型矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献