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以昌都—兰坪—思茅盆地及呵叻盆地含盐带盐类沉积为研究对象,在分析总结前人研究成果的基础上,通过系统的大地构造学、矿床学、地球化学等研究方法,总结和研究了该区含钾蒸发岩矿床的矿床特征,提出了新的成矿模式。研究表明,兰坪—思茅盆地和呵叻盆地的含钾蒸发岩矿床为"海源陆相"成因,即在陆相环境下与海水的变异有关。该矿床缺失正常海水蒸发浓缩而形成的硫酸盐沉积,同时,矿床中少量菱镁矿等自生矿物的出现无法用正常海水蒸发理论解释。矿床中少量溢晶石等矿物的出现预示着该矿床富钙。兰坪—思茅盆地内广泛发育了白垩纪蒸发岩系(勐野井组或云龙组),江城地区甚至沉积了小型钾盐矿床。同位素和微量元素的研究表明,该区蒸发岩矿床为海相成因,Rb和Br的含量变化指示海水从北部兰坪侵入到呵叻。昌都及兰坪地区的白垩纪石膏硫、锶同位素研究表明,该区大套的硫酸盐沉积为海相成因,物源研究成果揭示思茅盆地的物源可能来自东羌塘地区,预示着昌都地区的硫酸盐沉积跟兰坪—思茅盆地的蒸发岩沉积具有同源性。通过上述研究,提出了多级盆地海水迁移变质成盐成钾模式。 相似文献
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兰坪—思茅盆地是国内唯一发现古钾盐沉积的盆地。对云南兰坪—思茅盆地钾盐成矿背景作了总结与分析,指出中生代以来盆地经历了陆内裂谷形成到消亡、侏罗纪箕状断陷盆地发育、早白垩纪双断式断陷盆地发育、早白垩晚期干化成盐和后期挤压走滑几个阶段。在此基础上通过盐系地层沉积特征的分析,得到了盆地在成盐期(早白垩世晚期)构造活动强烈,由统一的湖盆解体为多个次级成盐盆地,盐类资源的沉积应该分属不同的沉积序列的认识。兰坪—思茅盆地成盐期构造背景分析对于了解该区蒸发岩矿床特征和成矿机理具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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云南兰坪—思茅盆地是我国重要的成钾盆地,对盆地内勐野井组层位的泥砾岩段(成盐阶段)粘土样品进行XRD分析;同时对滇中楚雄盆地的相同层位(元永井组)粘土样品进行了XRD对比分析。实验结果表明,兰坪—思茅盆地内的样品中粘土矿物组合为伊利石+绿泥石,表明了在成盐阶段较为干旱的古气候条件与较高的古盐度;而楚雄盆地一平浪样品中除伊利石+绿泥石组合外,还含有伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物,反映了当时的古气候条件与兰坪—思茅盆地相比较为湿润。通过计算样品中各种粘土矿物的相对含量,指出兰坪—思茅盆地成盐阶段更晚,成盐作用更强。结合前人的研究成果探讨了兰坪—思茅盆地的成盐环境,指出盆地南部卤水较北部浓缩程度更高,南部成盐条件优于北部。 相似文献
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碎屑岩的地球化学特征对应于特定的源区和构造环境,本文利用主微量元素对昌都盆地的早白垩纪景星组地层进行了地球化学分析,并与兰坪思茅盆地的早白垩纪地层进行了物源对比研究。岩相学研究显示景星组沉积岩的成分成熟度较低,其物源以火山岩为主。昌都地区景星组的主量元素地球化学分析显示其源区为石英质沉积岩源区和长英质火成岩源区。相比兰坪思茅地区早白垩纪地层,景星组地层物源的输入比较单一。景星组地层的CIA在59～78之间,平均为67,明显低于扒沙河组地层,表明兰坪思茅盆地的早白垩纪地层的风化强度明显高于昌都盆地。主微量构造环境判别图解显示昌都—兰坪思茅盆地早白垩纪地层的物源构造环境主要为被动大陆边缘与活动大陆边缘,同时具有大陆岛弧的特征。 相似文献
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纸房河铜矿位于西南三江成矿带中南段兰坪—思茅凹陷盆地中部,属于改造型中低温热液矿床。本文在综合分析矿床地质资料的基础上,阐述纸房河铜矿主矿体的特征,总结成矿规律。通过近期开展地质工作所取得的成果结合区域地质背景分析,发现主矿体后期受到了一系列层间发育的断层错断,矿体被破坏呈阶梯状。本文通过对该矿床的地质资料进行综合分析,为矿床深部找矿圈定靶区。 相似文献
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钾盐是我国的紧缺矿产资源之一,寻找钾盐资源尤其是古钾盐矿床对于我国具有重要的意义。但是由于钾盐易溶,在地表很少有成矿标志,所以加大了找矿的难度。通过论述地球化学方法在蒸发岩研究中的应用情况,指出地球化学方法在寻找钾盐的过程中有着重要的应用,其应用可以概括为:可以判断成盐古卤水的蒸发浓缩阶段和矿床的成矿阶段、揭示盐类矿床的物质来源及其沉积环境、划分蒸发岩的沉积旋回和重现古盐湖的演化过程以及分析成盐盆地的封闭蒸发条件和氧化还原性等。云南兰坪—思茅盆地是我国最具有找钾希望的区域,研究盆地内蒸发岩的地球化学特征对于在盆地内寻找钾盐矿床具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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云南勐腊地区位于兰坪—思茅陆块,兰坪—思茅中生代坳陷南部,为我国西南地区多金属重要成矿带。通过对其区域地质、物化探特征进行研究,总结出该地区矿床主要地质特征及成因。该地区铜矿体主要赋存于侏罗系中统小红桥组泥岩、粉砂岩和长石石英细砂岩里,偏侏罗系中统小红桥组一测的近东西向断裂破碎带中。 相似文献
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呵叻高原是世界上最大的钾盐矿床之一,老挝万象盆地是呵叻高原北部沙空那空盆地的一个次级盆地,通芒矿区则是万象盆地钾盐矿床的重要组成部分。近期,大量钾盐地质勘探工作的实施为该地区钾盐沉积的研究提供了良好条件和物质基础。研究表明,含盐地层包括上、中、下3个盐段,巨厚钾镁盐主要富集在塔贡组下盐段。盐类矿物主要包括石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、硬石膏等,还包括一些碳酸盐和硼酸盐矿物。矿石类型以光卤石矿为主。含盐层位的Br含量、Br×103/Cl比值在剖面上的变化指示了成盐期卤水不断蒸发浓缩,最终形成了具有重要经济价值的钾镁盐矿床。与世界其它海相及陆相钾盐矿床对比表明,通芒矿区钾盐沉积具有明显的海相特征,成盐成钾物质应该来自海水。 相似文献
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KEVIN KIERNAN 《The Australian geographer》1999,30(1):5-33
The easternmost extremity of the ice cap that developed in the Tasmanian Central Highlands during the time of most extensive Late Cainozoic glaciation lay on the doleritecapped Central Plateau east and north-east of Lake St Clair. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the more restricted ice cover included a small discrete ice cap (probably less than 250-300 m thick) that formed on the Central Plateau. The LGM ice limits on the southern part of the Central Plateau, including all five southern outlet valleys, are reported here. Earlier ice limits have been identified in two of these valleys, but on the plateau proper earlier glacial deposits have been generally extensively reworked beyond the LGM limit, such that confirmation of a glacial origin for diamictons on slopes is difficult. South of the plateau, the oldest deposits flooring lower reaches of two outlet valleys indicate that ice flowed southwards directly from the plateau, but later deposits indicate diffluent flow from the Derwent Glacier. 相似文献
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The effectiveness of detrital zircon thermochronology as a means of linking hinterland evolution and continental basin sedimentation studies is assessed by using Mesozoic continental sediments from the poorly understood Khorat Plateau Basin in eastern Thailand. New uranium lead (U‐Pb) and fission‐track (FT) zircon data from the Phu Kradung Formation identify age modes at 141 ± 17 and 210 ± 24 Ma (FT) and 2456 ± 4, 2001 ± 4, 251 ± 3, and 168 ± 2 Ma (U‐Pb), which are closely similar to data from the overlying formations. The FT data record post‐metamorphic cooling, whereas the U‐Pb data record zircon growth events in the hinterland. Comparison is made between detrital zircon U‐Pb data from ancient and modern sources across Southeast Asia. The inherent stability of the zircon U‐Pb system means that 250 Myr of post‐orogenic sedimentary recycling fails to change the regional zircon U‐Pb age signature and this precludes use of the U‐Pb approach alone for providing unique provenance information. Although the U‐Pb zircon results are consistent with (but not uniquely diagnostic of) the Qinling Orogenic Belt as the original source terrane for the Khorat Plateau Basin sediments, the zircon FT cooling data are more useful as they provide the key temporal link between basin and hinterland. The youngest zircon FT modes from the Khorat sequence range between 114 ± 6 (Phra Wihan Formation) and 141 ± 17 Ma (Phu Kradung Formation) that correspond to a Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous reactivation event, which affected the Qinling Belt and adjacent foreland basins. The mechanism for regional Early Cretaceous erosion is identified as Cretaceous collision between the Lhasa Block and Eurasia. Thus, the Khorat Plateau Basin sediments might have originated from a reactivation event that affected a mature hinterland and not an active orogenic belt as postulated in previous models. 相似文献
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青藏高原东部黄土沉积的基本特征及其环境 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
青藏高原东部黄土沉积分布广泛。本文对青藏高原东部较大范围内黄土沉积从地层学、年代学和沉积学等方面做了初步研究。结果表明:高原黄土属典型的风成沉积,其物质主要来源于高原本身,高原冬季风是粉尘搬运的动力。研究区黄土沉积虽始于中更新世,但目前分布最广泛的黄土沉积主要是末次间冰期以来的产物。高原黄土沉积地层的黄土-古土壤序列中蕴藏着丰富的环境变化信息,是研究高原季风演化的良好地质记录。中更新世以来,末次间冰期以前,研究区经历了11次高原冬季风强盛和11次高原夏季风占优势的时段;末次间冰期以来,共经历了6次夏季风占主导地位和5次冬季风强盛时期。 相似文献
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沉积硼酸盐矿床在自然界分布相当广泛 ,主要见于南、北美和我国青藏高原的盐湖中、美国和土耳其某些第三纪沉积盆地中 ,以及欧洲某些古代海相盐矿床中。为了研究其形成问题 ,从 70年代开始 ,我们利用青藏高原盐湖卤水和泉水进行了许多模拟实验工作。从 40～ 5 0个样品中获得了大量钠硼酸盐、纳钙硼酸盐、镁硼酸盐和含氯化镁的镁硼酸盐复盐。这对于阐明表生作用条件下硼酸盐矿床的形成是非常重要的。实验和研究结果证明 :1)与地热和火山活动有关的水体是硼酸盐矿床形成的物质来源 ;2 )硼酸盐矿床可形成于Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ//Ｃｌ、ＳＯ4 ·Ｈ2 Ｏ和Ｎａ、Ｋ//Ｃｌ、ＳＯ4 、ＨＣＯ3、ＣＯ3·Ｈ2 Ｏ不同水盐平衡体系的不同富硼水体中 (盐度 :1 2 7～ 41 4% ,Ｂ2 Ｏ3含量 :0 0 5～ 2 97% ) ;3 )硼酸盐矿床通常形成于稳定平衡条件下 ,而不是介稳平衡条件下 (蒸发过程中 ) ;4)低温条件有利于硼酸盐自水体中析出 ;5 )硼酸盐矿床的形成与水体的化学类型、ｐＨ值和硼含量有密切关系 ;6)我们实验中所获的硼酸盐反映了天然硼酸盐矿床形成的原始条件。不仅揭示了大陆盐湖硼酸盐矿床的形成 ,也揭示了古代海相盐矿床硼酸盐的成因。 相似文献
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老挝龙湖钾盐矿区是呵叻高原钾盐矿在老挝境内最主要的钾盐矿区之一,ZK309钻孔是龙湖矿区打穿最好、取样最完整和最典型的钻孔之一,通过对该钻孔盐岩上覆碎屑层的地层、矿物、元素的分析,得出泥岩层作为成盐沉积旋回中的一部分,其矿物元素变化和与其接触的下伏盐层的类型、特征等密切相关。同一旋回中自下而上泥岩颜色由青灰色变为红色,明显表现出沉积环境由还原性转变为氧化性。盐类矿物在垂向上表现出自下而上的淡化序列。矿物和元素在103～107 m处的突变显示盐岩沉积后期曾明显有水流体的淋滤作用,通过微量元素含量等的分析,该水流体表现为偏向淡水的淡水、海水混合水。碳酸盐矿物组合及含量显示当时可能有高Mg流体的活动。将粘土矿物组合与中国其它海相和陆相盆地粘土矿物组合相比较,得出粘土矿物组合与海相更相似,加上绿泥石含量较高,初步推测粘土矿物可能来源于海相沉积环境。 相似文献
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BENEDIKT L. Lehner 《Basin Research》1994,6(4):219-238
The effect of various erosional processes on the relief development of a carbonate platform margin is documented from outcrops of the Southern Alps, northern Italy, by the occurrence of truncation surfaces and redistribution of remobilized sediments. The periplatform depositional history, with periods of intensive submarine erosion along the north-western Trento plateau margin, is recorded by various carbonate deposits ranging in age from the Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous with numerous gaps. The first Early Jurassic period of submarine erosion is marked by truncation and extensive tectonic fracturing of lower Liassic oolitic skeletal periplatform deposits. These are overlain by pelmicritic sediments of late Hettangian to Toarcian age. The second period of submarine erosion during the late Early Jurassic resulted in almost complete truncation of the pelmicritic unit. Crinoidal to oolitic periplatform carbonate sands were subsequently deposited along the carbonate margin until the Aalenian/Bajocian. The third truncation surface was produced by partial current erosion of the crinoidal to oolitic periplatform deposits during the late Bajocian to Callovian. The fourth, and most prominent, truncation surface was produced by erosion during the Early Cretaceous cutting down from Aptian/Albian pelagic units to Toarcian periplatform deposits. The resulting submarine relief was completely buried during the late Maastrichtian by onlapping pelagic sediments. The documentation of the depositional history during the Late Mesozoic of the north-western Trento plateau pinpoints the main mechanisms responsible for the relief of the drowned carbonate platform margin. Extensional tectonic activity during differential subsidence and current-induced erosional truncation, followed by gravitational downslope mass transport and rapid pelagic burial mainly determined the morphology of the drowned carbonate platform margin. 相似文献
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普若岗日冰原西侧冰前风沙地貌的形成与我国冰川型沙漠的发现 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
在青藏高原中央、普若岗日冰原西侧流石坡地带山麓面上,分布有约100 km2的由戈壁与沙丘组成的地貌,这是世界罕见的、也是我国发现的首例中纬度、高海拔地区冰前沙漠沉积。野外地貌、地层测量和室内样品的粒度、矿物、14C测年分析等结果表明,其形成时代约为16 ka BP以来;沉积特征在沙丘沉积序列中表现为风成砂夹零星腐殖质层,在戈壁中表现为砾石表面具次生方解石或碳酸钙沉淀层;演化模式为冷直线式;形成条件为以下伏冰碛物为主要砂源,以行星西风环流和高原冬季风引起的地面西风为主要动力,以持续的寒冷半干旱为气候背景;成因主要与冰原西缘冰川作用形成丰富的冰碛物砂源有关;因此,这类沙漠与一般冰缘沙漠以河湖相砂为源具有显著区别,可称为"冰川型沙漠"。由于其形成兼与冰原、气候和环流的变化密切相关,所以它是高原腹地全新世气候环境变化的重要记录。 相似文献
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Jerzy Mo&#;cicki Adam Kotarba Stanis&#;aw K&#;dzia 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2006,88(2):151-163
This paper discusses direct current resistivity soundings and geomorphological studies of Quaternary deposits in two glacial troughs in the Abisko Mountains of northern Sweden. The subject of the fieldwork is the depth of Pleistocene glacial erosion. Studies were carried out in 1998 and 2003 in the Kärkevagge and Vassivagge. The estimated thickness of Quaternary deposits and bedrock properties are discussed in the broader context of glacial erosion studies in the Abisko area. Geophysical and geomorphological studies suggest that the depth of glacial erosion was highly differentiated from –190 m in the Torneträsk basin to the metric overall erosion on the upland plateau. In medium‐sized valleys several kilometres long, erosion depth measures 30–50 m. Present‐day stream channel patterns reveal a strong relation to the bedrock configuration in valley floors 相似文献
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Michael M. McGlue Andrew S. Cohen Geoffrey S. Ellis Andrew L. Kowler 《Basin Research》2013,25(6):638-658
Depositional models of ancient lakes in thin‐skinned retroarc foreland basins rarely benefit from appropriate Quaternary analogues. To address this, we present new stratigraphic, sedimentological and geochemical analyses of four radiocarbon‐dated sediment cores from the Pozuelos Basin (PB; northwest Argentina) that capture the evolution of this low‐accommodation Puna basin over the past ca. 43 cal kyr. Strata from the PB are interpreted as accumulations of a highly variable, underfilled lake system represented by lake‐plain/littoral, profundal, palustrine, saline lake and playa facies associations. The vertical stacking of facies is asymmetric, with transgressive and thin organic‐rich highstand deposits underlying thicker, organic‐poor regressive deposits. The major controls on depositional architecture and basin palaeogeography are tectonics and climate. Accommodation space was derived from piggyback basin‐forming flexural subsidence and Miocene‐Quaternary normal faulting associated with incorporation of the basin into the Andean hinterland. Sediment and water supply was modulated by variability in the South American summer monsoon, and perennial lake deposits correlate in time with several well‐known late Pleistocene wet periods on the Altiplano/Puna plateau. Our results shed new light on lake expansion–contraction dynamics in the PB in particular and provide a deeper understanding of Puna basin lakes in general. 相似文献