共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
公共服务资源的空间配置问题一直存在效率与公平价值导向的博弈,空间综合人文社科的兴起,使其演化成一个空间优化问题。医疗资源空间配置的规划注重决策连续性,据此提出改进空间可达性的两步优化法。在农村地区资源有限的情况下,以空间可达性为主要指标,建立公平与效率导向下的二次规划模型,通过重新选址和设定规模以保证居民获得就医机会的最大公平和效率,并以湖北省仙桃市为案例进行应用研究。结果表明,新选地址和规模优化结果能使仙桃市医疗资源空间配置的公平性和效率性得到显著提高,2个步骤相结合,使其成为真正的混合优化模型,达到效率和公平平衡的双重目标。 相似文献
2.
Neng Wan Troy Sternberg 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1073-1089
Gravity-based spatial access models have been widely used to estimate spatial access to healthcare services in an attempt to capture the interaction of various factors. However, these models are inadequate in informing health resource allocation work due to their inappropriate assumption of healthcare demand. For the purpose of effective healthcare resource planning, this article proposes a three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method to minimize the healthcare-demand overestimation problem. Specifically, a spatial impedance-based competition scheme is incorporated into the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to account for a reasonable model of healthcare supply and demand. A case study of spatial access to primary care physicians along the Austin–San Antonio corridor area in central Texas showed that the proposed method effectively minimizes the overestimation of healthcare demand and reflects a more balanced geographic pattern of spatial access than E2SFCA. In addition, by using an adjusted spatial access index, the 3SFCA method indicates strong potential for identifying health professional shortage areas. The study concludes that 3SFCA is a promising method to provide health professionals and decision makers with useful healthcare accessibility information. 相似文献
3.
基于机构分层分析框架,运用统计与空间分析方法,剖析中国省域基层医疗卫生机构和医院医疗资源配置与服务利用协调发展的时空演化特征及其驱动因子。研究发现:2010—2018年2类机构的耦合协调类型由濒临失调衰退型变为勉强协调发展型;总体呈东部经济发达地区水平较高,中部地区居中,西北、东北、西南等经济欠发达沿边地区较低的空间分布格局和以长江中下游地区和青藏高原地区为核心的热、冷点区的空间聚集特征,同时在空间格局改善程度、局部空间集聚效应强度和冷热点区变化范围等方面存在差异;受人口分布与结构、经济发展水平和地理空间等因子驱动,同时存在明显时空异质性特征。 相似文献
4.
Traditionally, the identity of indigenous people was defined in relation to closeness to nature and use of wildlife resources. Such an identity has been put under pressure due to development programmes, neo‐liberal policies and increasing market economy, forcing these people to redefine their identity within new socio‐economic and geopolitical contexts. Based on ethnographic research, the situation of the Vedda people in Sri Lanka is analysed. First, we unravel how they define their identity through a ‘meaningful relationship’ with the place in which they used to live prior to their displacement because of a large scale development project. Second, we analyse how the Veddas (re‐)negotiate their identity in a context of limited access to land, lack of education, unemployment, and an increasing demand for indigenous tourism. It is found that the Veddas redefine their identity by pursuing two survival strategies: tourist development and re‐indigenization, and integration into mainstream Sinhalese society. Both strategies pose challenges and opportunities. 相似文献
5.
Rapid response to fire incidents is critical as delays in the departure and arrival at the scene can have significant consequences in terms of damage, injury and death. Research on the dynamics of residential fire incident response times has barely begun, a situation arguably underpinned by limited access to disaggregate command and control data. In this paper we draw on unit record data and employ quantile regression to examine the role that socio-demographic, infrastructure characteristics and temporal factors play on response times. Results reveal that response times are slower during the winter, in locales with larger numbers of children (aged 14 years and below) and low socioeconomic households, and in areas that have more complex street layouts. We conclude through emphasising the importance of these findings in their capacity to contribute to a new evidence base to inform policy decisions from a resource allocation perspective through the spatial allocation of finite fire resources. 相似文献
6.
Livelihoods in transition: transnational gold mining operations and local change in Cajamarca, Peru 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jeffrey Bury 《The Geographical journal》2004,170(1):78-91
This paper examines how transnational gold mining operations are transforming rural household livelihoods in the Cajamarca region of Peru. In particular, this paper evaluates how Newmont Mining Corporation's Minera Yanacocha (MYSA) mining operations are altering access to the produced, human, natural and social capital resources that households utilize to produce their livelihoods. The paper argues that while access to produced and human capital resources has increased in the past decade, albeit unevenly, access to natural and social capital resources has declined. The paper begins with a discussion of new frameworks for evaluating local livelihood change and household access to resources. Subsequently, the paper describes Peru's new transnational mining sector, livelihoods and livelihood change in the Cajamarca region. The paper then presents the results of case study field research evaluating the impacts of MYSA on household access to resources in three communities. Finally, the paper concludes with a critical discussion of livelihoods frameworks and how they can contribute to geographic studies. 相似文献
7.
基于DEA-ESDA的河南省入境旅游效率区域差异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学评价旅游效率对优化旅游资源配置和制定旅游发展战略具有一定的价值。采用DEA模型测度，研究了河南省2010～2015年18个地市旅游资源配置效率，利用ESDA对旅游效率的时空差异演变及形成机制进行研究。研究表明：（1）河南省旅游资源配置的综合效率较低，且低于纯技术效率，说明旅游资源的生产规模和投入产出不匹配，需要调整规模。（2）河南省北部地区的郑州、开封和洛阳的旅游效率较高，而河南省南部地区的南阳、信阳和平顶山的旅游效率较低，整体呈北高南低的空间格局。（3）河南省旅游效率高-高集聚的地区主要为郑州、焦作和新乡，2015年旅游效率的空间相关性较小，集聚特征不显著的数量达到了77.78%以上。（4）在资本投入要素中，平顶山、南阳和信阳的调整幅度较大，分别需要减少20个、63个、21个星级饭店和34.754、18.020、11.859亿元的住宿和餐饮业固定资产投资。在劳动投入要素中，周口市、驻马店市和信阳市需要调整的幅度最大，分别需要减少27.077万人、23.028万人和19.850万人的住宿和餐饮业职工。（5）经济发展、资源禀赋、信息技术和对外开放为河南省旅游效率的正向影响因素，其中信息技术的影响作用最大，而交通条件和化为反向影响因素。 相似文献
8.
两层级公共医疗资源空间均衡性及其影响机制——以分级诊疗改革为背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国公共医疗资源在层级间和地区间配置不合理的问题较为突出。分级诊疗改革对优化医疗资源配置、实现供需均衡具有重要意义。运用探索性空间分析法和地理探测器分别从全国地级市域和四川县域两个尺度分析了2015年两层级医疗资源的空间配置特征与影响机制。结果表明：基层和上层医疗资源均呈显著空间聚集特征,而层级间空间配置格局具有差异性。不同尺度和区域两层级医疗资源配置的决定力及其影响强度不同,上层医疗资源对外部影响因素响应强度大于基层。对上层级医疗资源配置而言,城镇化率、人口密度、经济发展水平是全局性因素,老龄化、地形条件和发病率为地方性因素;对基层医疗资源配置而言,人口密度是较为显著的全局性影响因素,城镇化率是重要的地方性影响因素,地形、经济发展水平、人口老龄化和发病率在部分尺度和区域有局部影响。为实现分级诊疗改革的目标,各级决策部门需以“全局性和地域性因素相结合,统一性和地方性政策相结合,自上而下与自下而上决策机制相结合”为思路,统筹不同区域和层级医疗资源配置,以提高医疗卫生服务体系的整体功能,促进其均衡、协同发展。 相似文献
9.
As demand and competition for water resources increase, the river basin has become the primary unit for water management and planning. While appealing in principle, practical implementation of river basin management and allocation has often been problematic. This paper examines the case of the Krishna basin in South India. It highlights that conflicts over basin water are embedded in a broad reality of planning and development where multiple scales of decisionmaking and non-water issues are at play. While this defines the river basin as a disputed "space of dependence", the river basin has yet to acquire a social reality. It is not yet a "space of engagement" in and for which multiple actors take actions. This explains the endurance of an interstate dispute over the sharing of the Krishna waters and sets limits to what can be achieved through further basin water allocation and adjudication mechanisms – tribunals – that are too narrowly defined. There is a need to extend the domain of negotiation from that of a single river basin to multiple scales and to non-water sectors. Institutional arrangements for basin management need to internalise the political spaces of the Indian polity: the states and the panchayats. This re-scaling process is more likely to shape the river basin as a space of engagement in which partial agreements can be iteratively renegotiated, and constitute a promising alternative to the current interstate stalemate. 相似文献
10.
土地持续利用的五维空间分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
土地资源的持续利用是人类社会发展的基础，文章较为系统地提出了时间，空间，用途，技术和制度是实现土地资源持续利用的五维空间，并对各维度的内涵进行了较为深入的分析。其中，土地持续利用的时间维主要表现为从伦理角度考虑如何在代际间合理分配土地资源，使代际间利益之和最大；空间维则要求实现土地利用在空间上的合理布局；胜任维要求将土地资源合理配置到各种用途上，从而使人们从土地所提供的产品和劳各中获得的总效用最大；技术维选择意味着土地利用的直接或间接技术的选用能够保证土地的永续使用；制度维要求制度建设适应土地利用情况的变化，通过消除不同的土地制度之间存在着的外部利润来实现土地资源的最优配置。 相似文献
11.
土地利用/覆被变化与土地资源优化配置的相关分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
土地资源优化配置已成为土地科学领域前沿的重要课题,而近年来受到国内外学术界重视的土地利用/土地覆被变化研究正可为此提供支持,并相互促进。如何正确认识二者之间的关系,并有效的利用这种关系,无论对我们研究土地利用/土地覆被变化,还是实现土地资源优化利用都异常重要。本文对二者的研究目标及内容进行对比分析,并在此基础上详细阐述了二者的结合方式和途径,提出土地利用/土地覆被变化能为土地资源优化配置提供数据、理论、研究方法支持,同时土地资源优化配置研究有益于土地利用/土地覆被研究的深化,二者的结合可促进土地可持续利用。 相似文献
12.
US Mountain West Water access and allocation institutions have a history of adapting policy and practice to increase flexibility for diverse water uses. We examine how flexible access has developed over time and space by operationalizing the historical institutional (HI) theoretical and methodological framework. We trace historical water access for oil and gas (OG) development in Colorado, working from contemporary water right data to examine historical critical events, policies, and political contexts. OG water use has iteratively shaped water governance institutions in the top OG producing regions of Colorado, Weld, and Garfield Counties. The analysis suggests that to more accurately capture institutional change and continuity in resource allocation systems, an analysis of informal institutions is an essential theoretical contribution to the HI framework. While increased flexibility makes multiple uses easier, policies favor the most economically lucrative beneficial uses and generate issues of transparency, an important consideration for the public’s resource. Future practices of flexibility are contingent on market structures and institutional access mechanisms shaped during previous government policy processes, illuminating the value of the HI framework to inform future water policy. 相似文献
13.
Adequate access to healthy food has become a social issue due to the recent Great Recession and heightened levels of unemployment. Geographers have focused their attention on how to accurately evaluate food access and how to identify and delineate food deserts; that is, low-income neighborhoods where affordable and healthy food is lacking or limited. Findings of recent food access studies are, however, dramatically inconsistent. We argue that spatial scale and the level of aggregation used in constructing food access measures could account for a major portion of the varying results. We draw on an empirical study in the Tucson, Arizona, metropolitan area, to examine how varying geographic scales and aggregation methods affect food access assessment. We also provide an analysis to show how spatial scale and aggregation practices lead to inconsistent conclusions about food access and designation of food deserts. 相似文献
14.
Stakeholder engagement has become increasingly important in research programs focusing on climate change impact on ecosystem services. Communication between researchers and stakeholders, however, is often impaired by linguistic barriers, different priorities, and time constraints. This article examines the organizational aspects of science–stakeholder interactions, focusing on examples from the Swedish forestry sector. The study highlights the need articulated by the Swedish forestry sector for access to scientific knowledge, and we discuss how to present research findings in formats suitable to serve as decision support. Clear communication about common goals, expectations, resources, and time frames is needed in order to reduce the risk of stakeholder fatigue. 相似文献
15.
The dynamics of social vulnerability are of key interest to many government agencies and departments. Identifying the geographic distribution of vulnerability within regions, and analysing how localised areas of social need change over time, is a key information requirement for decision-making, and the resultant allocation of resources. Typically, the delineation of areas for the determination of social vulnerability occurs using a combination of political and census boundaries. In many instances, the boundaries of these areas align to natural geographic features such as rivers or lakes. In other cases, a boundary is aligned to a man-made structure such as a road. The boundary may also be arbitrarily positioned based on some measure of distance and not align to any physical feature. In this research, we identify the various boundary types present in a political region. Using two measures of social vulnerability, we assess these boundaries as barriers to the continuity of social vulnerability. From our results, we identify motorways/highways and watercourses as potential barriers. We find no significant effects with lesser road structures suggesting there is no “wrong side of the street”. These results have implications for decision-makers and emphasise the need to recognise the “softness” of boundaries, and consider the relationships between areas, when allocating resources. 相似文献
16.
Michael Fabinyi Wolfram Dressler Michael Pido 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(1):92-110
Globally, capital investments are intensifying extraction and contestation over resources in frontier spaces, yet most discussion has focused on terrestrial frontiers. This paper shifts this focus to bring a scaled political ecology approach to examine the access dynamics of fisheries trade in the maritime frontier of Palawan province, the Philippines. We adapt the linked concepts of access and exclusion to highlight how access dynamics unfold at multiple scales. At the local scale, social relations of class and ethnicity serve as important markers of difference that inform control over access to fisheries resources. At the regional scale, we show how engagement in fisheries trade is also shaped by broader historical and geographical contexts of migration and land use change. Access dynamics unfold at multiple inter‐related scales to heavily influence the differentiated social outcomes of expanded fisheries trade. 相似文献
17.
Due to limited resources, publicly funded service programs need to operate efficiently. This paper demonstrates how a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) can be used to evaluate and enhance the performance of an existing service delivery program. Elements critical to the efficiency of service programs are enumerated. A meals-on-wheels (MOW) program in Connecticut is used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of the SDSS approach. Practical issues related to data sources and system adoption are discussed. 相似文献
18.
区域水资源可持续利用合理配置模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水是生命之本、水是生命之源。水是人类生存与发展的命脉,也是人类经济发展的一个至关重要的因素。针对目前滥采、滥用水资源的严重现象,思索如何去合理优化配置水资源,使之得到安全可持续的利用、提高区域水资源的利用效率,以解决摆在我们面前的这个最迫切、刻不容缓的任务。提出建立了具有一定使用价值的多目标多层次区域水资源合理配置模型。 相似文献
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20.
教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,也是多学科交叉的研究热点。城市地理学者惯用空间可达性方法评价城市内部教育资源配置的均衡性与公平性,基于此,结合学区制度下义务教育资源供给方式的特殊性,提出教育资源社会-空间可达性理念,分别以地理可达性、机会可得性和经济可能性衡量教育服务的获取难度及其空间差异。以公办小学和初中学区为空间单元,通过比较2008年和2018年南京主城区教育资源社会-空间可达性发现：地理可达性内城优于外围的空间差异正在缩小,而机会可得性和经济可能性的社会空间差异明显扩大,优质教育资源的获取难度显著增加。历史惯性、城市扩张、单位制度和学区制度等均是导致教育资源在空间上和群体间配置差异的重要原因,特别是学区制和市场化配置原则下,经济资本逐渐成为社会群体争夺优质教育资源、实现代际再生产的核心要素,终而形成教育资源、社会阶层和居住空间的互动循环与锁定机制。南京案例在中国大城市中具有代表性,由教育驱动的城市社会空间重构值得持续关注和积极规导,而不断缩小校际教育质量差异则是推进城市内部教育机会和教育质量公平的根本途径。 相似文献