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1.
As one of the most ecologically sensitive issues in the world,migration now plays an important role in population growth on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To promote sustainable development in the world's third pole,it is necessary to investigate population migration on the Plateau.Using 2010 census data,a spatial database of county-level migrants on the Plateau was constructed,and migrants were divided into short-distance and long-distance migrants according to the hukou-registered origins.Measuring migration intensity allowed the spatial pattern of population migration on the Plateau to be ascertained.The driving factors were identified using spatial regression models,and the main conclusions are as follows:(1)In 2010,there were 1.23 million inter-county migrants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the overall migration intensity reached 10.50％.There existed significant spatial differences in population migration intensity on the Plateau at that time,and the provincial or prefectural capitals were attractive destinations for migrants.Northwestern Qinghai,which boasted min-ing industries,constituted a significant spatial cluster with a relatively high migration intensity.However,most areas on the Plateau attracted relatively few migrants,especially in western and northern parts of Tibet,which were sparsely populated and uninhabitable.(2)There were 0.95 million short-distance migrants and 0.28 million long-distance migrants.The short-dis-tance migration intensity was 8.14％,while the long-distance migration intensity was only 2.36％.Short-distance migration was the main form of population migration,with a pattern similar to the layout of overall population migration intensity.Only a few county-level units strongly attracted long-distance migrants,which were mostly distributed in northwestern Qinghai.(3)Economic factors were considered fundamental drivers for migrants to live on the Plateau.Destinations with high levels of economic development and more opportunities in non-agricultural jobs proved more attractive for migrants.For short-distance migrants,ur-banization level also proved a considerable driving factor for in-migration.However,long-distance migrants were mainly affected by the job chances of the secondary industry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
2.
Mariastella Pulvirenti 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(2):237-249
Studies on Australian migrants and housing consistently confirm that the Italianborn have the highest home-ownership rates of all birthplace groups in Australia. Only a few studies have suggested explanatory factors, including agrarian histories and economic aspirations. This paper demonstrates that home ownership for post-war Italian migrants to Australia was indeed conditioned by these and other factors, but within the broader process of migration. Conditions of poverty in Italy made sistemazione (settling down) the goal of migration. Built into sistemazione was a gendered moral imperative to achieve it. Work experiences demonstrate how this imperative conditioned home ownership in Australia. 相似文献
3.
C. Cindy Fan 《The Professional geographer》1996,48(1):28-45
Economic opportunities are considered a primary determinant of human migration, but their explanatory power in Communist China has been limited because of strong government intervention in controlling migration and in planned population transfers. Since the late 1970s, however, economic reform has brought about changes in China's regional economies and generated new push and pull forces for migration, and the relaxation of migration restrictions has created greater opportunities for nongovernment-induced migration. Using data primarily from the 1990 census, I review the spatial patterns of migration and the characteristics of the new migrants. A case study of Guangdong Province reveals that its attractiveness to migrants from other provinces and its intra-provincial migration patterns are attributable to differentials in per capita output and foreign investment. The findings support the argument that China has entered a new era of migration in which present and expected economic opportunities are important explanations for the volume and directions of population movement. 相似文献
4.
新型城镇化背景下中国流动人口研究:议题与展望 总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3
研究通过4个议题（户籍与人口流动,循环流动、定居意愿及家庭策略,社会网络和移民社区,迁移、流动性和移民的日常生活）,回顾了近年来乡城人口迁移的研究。指出：户籍政策对移民在城市中的生计带来的影响将减弱,移民的住房及在城市的居住模式和居住空间、社会交往、生活方式、移民身份建构及生活空间的重构等将会成为新的关注点。新文化地理学中关于移民“微观化”“生活化”的研究应受到更多的重视。换言之,如何理解移民在个体层面的诉求和移民的日常生活,将会是未来流动性研究的重点。如何立足于国内移民地理研究的基础与发展机遇,批判性地与西方移民研究搭建对话空间和平台,结合当前中国崛起过程中所呈现的前所未有的全球化与城镇化契机,为世界移民研究积累和贡献“中国知识”,将成为未来这一领域学者研究的方向。 相似文献
5.
6.
人口回流正成为中国人口流动的重要趋势,并将深刻影响中西部及沿海地区的发展前景。本文从地理学的“距离”视角切入,在传统人口迁移理论的基础上,将两个非经济因素的距离维度,即制度距离和文化距离引入人口回流研究,构建了多维距离影响流动人口回流意愿的理论框架,并运用全国层面的流动人口调查数据进行实证分析。结果发现：与理论预测一致,流入地与户籍地间的多维距离对流动人口的回流意愿具有显著的影响。经济距离抑制了流动人口的回流,而地理距离、制度距离和文化距离均对人口回流产生促进作用。在考虑了解释变量可能存在的测量误差后,这一发现依然稳健。此外,多维距离对回流意愿的影响因流动人口个体及所在城市特征的差异而不同。个体异质性方面,随着流动人口年龄的增长和文化水平的提高,经济距离对回流意愿的影响不断增强,而地理距离的影响则逐渐减弱。城市异质性方面,随着城市人口规模的增加,制度距离对回流意愿的促进作用不断减弱;城市经济水平的提高则弱化了地理距离对回流意愿的正向效应。 相似文献
7.
地方城市的人口回流与移民战略——基于深圳-驻马店的调查研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
改革开放30 多年来,沿海大都市和内陆地方城市之间的发展差距不断拉大,其中人口流动是重要动因。因此,如何吸引人口回流,留住本地人才,是内陆地方城市未来发展的关键。在此背景下,以驻马店为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,探讨了在深圳市的驻马店籍人口的回流意愿,以及当前驻马店的人口回流状况,并重点对回流创业者与回流购房者的回流动因、地域选择、就业动向及预期等进行了调查分析。研究表明,以驻马店为代表的地方城市已出现了以U-turn 与I-turn 为主的人口回流现象,且回流人口大都从事或打算从事与之前就业行业相关的创业活动。已发现有两种主动回流类型,即创业回流和购房回流。其中,购房回流也可看作是创业回流的前奏,二者可理解为同一回流过程的两个阶段。如果地方政府能够做出积极的政策引导,回流人口及其带动的返乡经济可望成为地方城市摆脱发展困境的一个新战略。 相似文献
8.
“家庭式迁移”对中小城市流动人口定居意愿的影响——以温州为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进入“新时代”,伴随国家新型城镇化战略的推进,“人的城镇化”的意义愈加重要,对流动人口定居意愿的实证不断增多,但对新趋势“家庭式迁移”的现状与影响尚缺乏系统研究,尤其对于中小城市的实证较少。本文通过对温州流动人口聚居区的深入调查,探讨“家庭式迁移”对流动人口定居意愿的影响。研究发现：流动人口总体定居意愿不强。户籍制度没有显著影响,个人职业、工作稳定性和“家庭式迁移”对流动人口定居意愿具有显著影响。因此,一方面需要强调大城市与中小城市在流动人口定居意愿机制上的差异性,另一方面强调在城市中拥有完整的家庭结构能够有效提升流动人口定居意愿。在新型城镇化和农业转移人口“市民化”背景下,中小城市应抓住“抢人”先机,考虑以家庭为整体的政策设计,激发流动人口定居意愿、提升其定居能力,以此推动实现“以人为本”的城镇化。 相似文献
9.
This study examined the impact of economic deficits due to structural adjustment processes on shifts in the organization of work by gender and migration status in Ecuador. Work is organized according to Lawson's social hierarchy scheme: ownership; authority and control over employees; autonomy in one's own work; and the nature and range of skills used in production. After a brief review of the related empirical literature, the author describes the concepts, categories of, and study area of work and then begins the empirical analysis. Data were obtained from 1,884,816 individual records of economically active persons in 1982 and 2,946,547 persons in 1990, from the censuses of 1982 and 1990 for the entire nation, and from fieldwork observations by Lawson. Structural adjustment policies (SAPs) associated with devolution tend to further aggravate inequities, especially among the disadvantaged. Findings are presented for male and female nonmigrants, migrants, and female migrants. During the 1980s, female migrants experienced primary economic activity, especially as self-employed, family, or low skilled employees; and declines in high skilled public sector employment and service activity, especially in wage labor. The economic impact was greater by gender than by migration status. The shifts only improved the relative position of women in self-employed and ownership jobs. Females lost public-sector employment to males; overall wage declines were more severe in the informal sector. Down-sizing in the public sector and shifts toward capital-intensive production marginalized female migrants. Fieldwork operationalizes losses among females/female migrants. 相似文献
10.
Roy BK 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1983,5(1-2):81-86
This article examines some aspects of population redistribution on the basis of internal migration data provided by the 1971 census. Its scope in India is limited to the assessmentof the quantum and proportion of the redistribution at the national and state levels and to the change in internal migration during 1961-71 on the basis of birthplace statistics. A comparison of place of birth and place of last residence migrants is also referred to in the discussion. A brief analysis of types of migration streams in the intradistrict, interdistrict, and interstate levels are assessed to indicate the composition of migration. Certain characteristics of migrants in urban areas are also presented which may be useful for further investigations at the levels of cities and towns. The gamut of the above considerations may provide a view on the redistribution of population. 相似文献
11.
全球化背景下的日本移民动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以日本外务省的移民统计数据为基础,对1990年代以来日本海外移民在世界和中国的分布及其结构变化情况进行了分析。探讨了日本移民的数量变化、人口结构、迁移类型、迁移方式、地区分布及其变化趋势,并考察了其在中国的分布及构成特点。日本移民主要流向北美、亚洲太平洋地区,尤以洛杉矶、纽约、上海、曼谷等城市分布最为集中。在中国的日本移民近年增长迅速,主要分布在上海、北京、香港、广州、深圳等大城市,并以男性移民为主。本文分析了这些日本移民的分布动向,并对今后中国大城市的移民问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
12.
基于创新的城市化——中国270个地级及以上城市数据的实证分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
传统城市化概念已难以解释全球范围内出现的新兴城市化模式,而“创新”是解读城市化新变化的重要概念。从“流的空间”视角,提出了基于创新的城市化概念。在此基础上,选取中国地级及以上270个城市作为研究的空间单元,依据第六次全国人口普查资料,分析了中国高技能迁移人口和城市文化多元性的空间分布特征,采用空间杜宾模型方法,构建城市创新空间回归模型,测度了中国高技能迁移人口规模和城市文化多元性水平对城市创新产出的影响,验证了基于创新的城市化概念。研究表明：① 基于创新的城市化概念顺应知识经济发展的背景,强调高技能劳动力向城市的迁移过程,促进城市职能与景观发生变化,城市知识活动与行为的扩展,可以很好的解释城市发展的新动力、新机制和新的创新景观。② 基于高技能劳动力迁移的创新的城市化是城市发展的重要动力,对中国的沿海及省会城市的城市化发展有重要作用。③ 中国国内高技能劳动力迁移规模和城市文化多元性水平均对城市创新产出具有正效应。在其他条件不变的情形下,城市高技能迁移人口数量每增加10%,直接带来的城市创新产出增加3%;城市文化多元性水平每提高10%,直接带来的城市创新产出增加2%。研究在理论上加深了对区域创新系统开放性和动态性的理解与认识,为知识经济下城市化和城市发展政策的制定提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
13.
居住选择对流动人口城市居留意愿的影响——基于一项对福建省流动人口的调查 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用2015年福建省流动人口抽样调查数据,使用序次回归模型,系统分析由住房产权类型、居住区位、居住家庭化程度和住房支付能力衡量的居住选择如何影响流动人口的城市居留意愿。结果发现：当将长期居住意愿、户籍迁移意愿和永久定居意愿3部分指标的加和定义为城市居留意愿指标时,流动人口在城市居留意愿远低于预期,真正愿意将长期居住、户籍迁移、永久定居三者统一起来的流动人口不足二成。回归模型结果表明,居住选择的确对流动人口的城市居留意愿产生显著影响,在控制流动人口的个人、家庭特征和流动状况等变量后,拥有住房所有权、居住在中心城区、与家人一起居住和更高的住房支付能力的流动人口,更愿意在城市永久定居。 相似文献
14.
Developing a comprehensive understanding of inter-city interactions is crucial for regional planning.We therefore examined spatiotemporal patterns of population migration across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)using migration big data from Tencent for the period between 2015 and 2019.We initially used decomposition and breakpoint detection methods to examine time-series migration data and to identify the two seasons with the strongest and weakest population migration levels,between June 18th and August 18th and between Oc-tober 8th and February 15th,respectively.Population migration within the former period was 2.03 times that seen in the latter.We then used a variety of network analysis methods to examine population flow directions as well as the importance of each individual city in migra-tion.The two capital cities on the QTP,Lhasa and Xining,form centers for population migra-tion and are also transfer hubs through which migrants from other cities off the plateau enter and leave this region.Data show that these two cities contribute more than 35％of total population migration.The majority of migrants tend to move within the province,particularly during the weakest migration season.We also utilized interactive relationship force and ra-diation models to examine the interaction strength and the radiating energy of each individual city.Results show that Lhasa and Xining exhibit the strongest interactions with other cities and have the largest radiating energies.Indeed,the radiating energy of the QTP cities cor-relates with their gross domestic product(GDP)(Pearson correlation coefficient:0.754 in the weakest migration season,WMS versus 0.737 in the strongest migration season,SMS),while changes in radiating energy correlate with the tourism-related revenue(Pearson correlation coefficient:0.685).These outcomes suggest that level of economic development and level of tourism are the two most important factors driving the QTP population migration.The results of this analysis provide critical clarification guidance regarding huge QTP development dif-ferences. 相似文献
15.
区域协调发展背景下流动人口回流的空间意愿及其政策含义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人口空间分布格局的改变既是区域协调发展战略实施的结果,也是推进区域协调发展的重要手段之一。本文以流动人口的回流空间意愿作为切入点,采用全国性大规模抽样问卷调查数据,对流动人口回流的空间意愿、群体差异和影响因素进行研究,并探讨其对区域协调发展和新型城镇化的政策含义。研究发现,流动人口的回流意愿薄弱;对具有回流意愿的流动人口来说,回流空间的路径选择以返回原居地为主、乡镇中心和县城为辅。模型结果显示,流动人口回流空间选择不仅是其人力资本和流动经历正向选择的结果,也显著地受到流出地住房和流入地的就业收入和养老保险等因素的影响,而流出地的家庭需求和空间成本则无显著影响。在此背景下,政策制定者不能高估人口回流对人口流动空间格局和人口均衡发展的调整作用,也不能高估回流劳动力对流出地城镇化和城乡协调发展的促进作用,而应加强流出地城镇自我可持续发展的能力,吸引人口主动回流,以推进区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略的落实。 相似文献
16.
人口集聚区吸纳人口迁入的影响因素——以东莞市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人口集聚区的地域特征差异对人口迁移行为产生较大影响,从地域特征出发研究人口集聚区对于迁入人口的作用机制可为地域功能区划和配置公共服务设施提供参考。本文以人口迁移的推拉理论为基础,构建人口集聚区对迁入人口拉力作用的指标体系。以东莞市为案例,综合运用主成分分析和多元回归分析方法,识别人口集聚区对迁入人口的作用力以及各类拉力的作用强度。结果显示：① 东莞市各乡镇人口集聚程度差异较大,且空间分布不均衡;在1995-2000年全市人口迅速集聚期,区域人口集聚度主要与地区就业岗位增加、人均收入水平提高、人口迁移的路径依赖相关。② 该市以劳动密集型加工业为主的产业特色给迁入人口提供了更多的就业机会;其相对较高的工资水平,对外来人口形成了强大的吸引力。③ 人口以路径依赖的形式进行链式迁移可以减低迁移过程中的风险和成本。④ 对人口集聚作用由强到弱依次为：路径依赖拉力、就业岗位拉力、收入水平拉力;综合的区域拉力与人口集聚度呈三次曲线关系。 相似文献
17.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(8)
With the rapid development of knowledge economy, a number of important shifts are emerging in urbanization pattern across the world. Traditional urbanization theory has become hard to interpret these changes on a global scale, and "innovation" is a core concept to explain the new changes of the urbanization dynamics. As one of the important contents of urban geography, urbanization dynamic needs to turn from the general population flows between rural and urban areas into emphasizing high skilled migrants flow among cities and regions research. Against this background, we propose a conception of innovation-based urbanization. Using this concept, this study analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of high skilled migrants and cultural diversity on urban innovation in China, based on the data of the sixth census of 270 cities at the prefecture level or above in China. This study measures the extent to which highly skilled migrants and cultural diversity increase urban innovation, by using spatial Durbin method to construct urban innovation regression model, to support the concept of innovation-based urbanization. The result shows that: first of all, the concept of innovation-based urbanization conforms to the development of knowledge economy, which emphasizes the migration process of highly skilled labor to cities. It helps to promote the changes in urban functions and landscapes and the expansion of urban knowledge activities, which undelines new dynamics of urban development, innovative landscape. Secondly, innovation urbanization based on highly skilled migrants flow is an important driving force for the development of Chinese cities, especially for eastern coastal cities and capital cities. Thirdly, the scale of highly skilled migrants flow and the level of urban cultural diversity in China both have been demonstrated of having positive effect on urban innovation output. With other conditions unchanged, a 10% increase in the number of urban highly skilled migrants and urban cultural diversity will directly result in an increase of 3% and 2% in urban innovation output respectively. This research has deepened our understanding and awareness of the openness and dynamics of the regional innovation system, and it has also provided an important theoretical basis for the formulation of urbanization and urban development policy under knowledge economy. 相似文献
18.
基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用嵌套Logit模型分析了地理、制度、信息和知识等多维邻近性对城-城流动人口流入地选择的影响。结果表明：城-城流动人口倾向于流入与户籍地地理相邻、制度相似、信息联系密切以及与自身知识水平相匹配的城市,这在一定程度上缓解人口向工资水平高、就业机会多和公共服务水平好的大城市集聚的趋势;不同维度的邻近性之间存在替代效应,省内流动能够降低距离对流入地选择的负面影响;多维邻近性的影响强度存在群体差异,女性对知识邻近性更加敏感;新生代流动人口对正式制度和信息邻近的城市有更强的偏好,但受知识邻近性的影响较弱;高学历群体更能远距离、跨省迁移并受到城市间互联网信息联系更强的影响;而有过流动经历的劳动力再流动时更能克服地理、文化和知识距离的限制。 相似文献
19.
中国五大城市群人口流入的空间模式及变动趋势 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
城市群在中国城镇化格局中占有重要地位,也是快速城市化时期的主要人口流入地。本文关注京津冀、长三角、珠三角、长江中游和成渝五大城市群,利用人口普查和流动人口动态监测调查数据,从流入人口分布格局、流动范围和来源地等多维度剖析城市群人口流入的空间模式,并从居留和落户意愿空间差异的视角探讨空间模式的发展趋势及其对流入地和流出地的影响。研究发现,各城市群流入人口向中心城市持续集中,等级和空间分布格局总体稳定;流动范围有所扩大,省内流动增速普遍高于省际;沿海城市群人口吸引范围大但仍服从距离衰减律,不同来源地流入人口的城市群偏好存在差异。在流入地,沿海城市群中心城市面临流动人口管理服务的持续挑战,内陆城市群中心城市和一般城市吸引力并存;在流出地,平等开放的高质量公共服务供给是吸引人口回流的重要途径,少数地区的人口流失可能成为较长期的现象。 相似文献
20.
One of the most recognizable and important changes occurring in the West is rapid population growth. This article intends to address questions associated with whether patterns of population growth and income migration are associated with “new” and “old” West economies. Rural restructuring in the U.S. has created a group of counties with service‐based economies. In the Mountain West, a number of counties with service‐based economies are located in areas with high levels of environmental or natural amenities, creating what has been termed the “New West.” Migration to the rural parts of the Mountain West, and the income transfers associated with migration, are increasingly concentrated within these New West counties. Rapid population growth, the changing characteristics of in‐migrants, and their spatial concentration in New West counties provide a basis for conflicts over what the rural West is becoming. 相似文献