共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 205 毫秒
1.
基于空间索引的规则格网DTM内插算法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从离散点内插规则格网数字地形模型(DTM)方法的关键是如何提高待插点周围数据的搜索效率。该文针对离散点的空间分布特性,给出了基于网格分块和KD-Tree两种空间索引技术的规则格网内插方法。实验表明,这两种索引方法能显著提高搜索速度,算法内插效率较高。最后,在算法效率分析的基础上,对两种索引方法所适应的条件进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
Yizhong Sun Chi Yao Shixiang Zhao Mingzhu Xu 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2495-2510
This article presents a method to uniquely identify vector geographic objects based on their spatial position and geometric characteristics. The method comprises three steps. First, a grid-based spatial indexing (Quadtree grid) is automatically generated according to location, shape and size of the geographic objects. This allows for a simple Quadtree grid generation (the level, row and column number) for every geographic object by three grid parameters (origin, start and end size). Second, a set of algorithms have been developed for extracting geometric characteristics (e.g. representative points, outline and orientation) of geographic objects corresponding to the grid. Third, a strategy for the unique identification of geographic objects is proposed in order to integrate the Quadtree grid and the geometric information. The application of the proposed method is presented in a case study conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. The experiment indicates that this method is more efficient than existing methods at positioning, searching and querying. The unique identifier is also shown to be useful as a technical method to support geographic information systems analytical applications, such as the matching, conflating and sharing of spatial objects. 相似文献
3.
一种启发式A*算法和网格划分的空间可达性计算方法 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文提出了一个适用于研究城市内部的个体或商业区位的微观可达性计算方法,该方法的核心是将研究区域进行等距的网格划分,通过计算每个网格的可达性指标,来研究整个区域的可达性的空间分布特点。在可达性计算中,利用网格内的道路密度和土地利用状态这两个因素来模拟计算每个网格的交通成本,引入了启发式A *空间搜索算法来计算网格间路径的交通成本,并且加入适当的启发信息,提高了搜索效率,使搜索结果更符合实际需求。最后,基于本文提出的方法,利用GIS二次开发工具ArcEngine开发了计算程序,收集了多源数据,以广州市商务区的可达性作为计算对象,进行了商务区的可达性和易达性案例计算。 相似文献
4.
基于Kriging的地形高程插值 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将地形高程作为区域化变量,根据普通Kriging法由散乱的高程点进行地形高程插值,并采用Matlab软件开发专门的程序,实现研究区高程插值计算与结果可视化分析。以广州市南沙区10 km2范围内的200个高程点数据为例,分别运用球面模型、指数模型和高斯理论变差函数模型进行10 m×10 m格网插值,借助Matlab可视化分析插值结果及其精度,表明采用指数模型效果最好。 相似文献
5.
面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法与实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用阈值法和k-近邻法度量空间上离散点间的空间邻接关系,针对不同的距离计算方式(欧式距离和曼哈顿距离)设计了面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法,使用C#语言在计算机上实现。用该算法对收集的8 367个常州市地价样点构建了不同土地用途地价样点的空间权重矩阵,并计算出分用途的常州市城市地价空间自相关指数。 相似文献
6.
A new method based on orthogonal least square (OLS) of multiquadric algorithm (MOLS) is proposed for digital elevation model (DEM) generalization by the retrieval of critical points from a grid-based DEM to construct a triangulated irregular network surface. The focus is on the method for accurately obtaining the critical points, which maximally retain the important terrain feature lines. The grid-based DEM to be generalized is first approximated in terms of multiquadric method, and then the significances of the grids are assessed based on OLS method with the merit that each selected grid point gives the maximal increment to the explained variance of the desired output. We used six study sites with different terrain complexities to comparatively analyze the generalization accuracies of MOLS and the classical methods including very important method and point-additive method (Latticetin) under different numbers of retrieved significant points. The results indicate that MOLS averagely performs better than the classical methods for the original DEM generalization in terms of root mean square error. The analytical results also show that MOLS has the better ability in maintaining the feature lines inherent in the original DEM than the classical methods in terms of streamline matching rate. The perfect performance of the newly proposed method can be attributed to the high accuracy of multiquadric method for surface approximation and the effectiveness of OLS for point significance assessment. 相似文献
7.
滑坡负样本在统计型滑坡危险度制图中具有重要作用,能抑制统计模型对滑坡危险度的高估。当前滑坡负样本采样方法采集的负样本可信度未知,在负样本采样过程中,极有可能将那些潜在滑坡点错选为负样本,这些假的负样本会降低负样本集的质量和训练样本集的质量,进而影响统计模型的精度。本文基于“地理环境越相似、地理特征越相似”的地理学常识,认为与正样本有着相似地理环境的点极有可能是未来发生滑坡的点;与正样本的地理环境越不相似的点,则越有可能是负样本。基于此假设提出一种基于地理环境相似度的负样本可信度度量方法,将该方法应用于滑坡灾害频发的陇南山区油房沟流域,对油房沟进行滑坡负样本可信度评价制图;使用油房沟流域的滑坡发生初始面来验证该方法的有效性。结果发现：滑坡发生初始面上所有栅格点的负样本可信度平均值为0.26,超过95%的栅格点的负样本可信度都小于0.5,说明本文提出的负样本可信度度量方法合理。 相似文献
8.
A digital elevation model (DEM), which is used to represent a terrain surface, is normally constructed by applying an interpolation method on given sample elevation points. Interpolation methods can be classified into two classes: linear methods, which have a low time cost and are suitable for terrains where there is little change in elevation, and nonlinear methods, which normally consume comparatively more time and are more suitable for terrains where there are frequent changes in elevation. A hybrid interpolation method, which involves both a linear method and a nonlinear method of interpolation, is proposed in this paper. The proposed method aims to integrate the advantages of both linear and nonlinear interpolation methods for the refinement of regular grid DEM. Here, the bilinear is identified as the linear method, and the bi‐cubic is taken to be the nonlinear interpolation method. The hybrid method is an integration of a linear model and nonlinear interpolation model with a parameter that defines the weights for each of the models. The parameter is dependent on the complexity of the terrain, for which a DEM is to be interpolated. The experimental results in this study demonstrate that the hybrid method is effective for interpolating DEMs for various types of terrain. 相似文献
9.
Surface modeling of DEMs based on a sequential adjustment method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chuanfa Chen Yanyan Li Tianxiang Yue 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1272-1291
A sequential adjustment (SA) method is employed to decrease the computational cost of high-accuracy surface modeling (HASM), and the SA of HASM (HASM-SA) is being developed. A mathematical surface was used to comparatively analyze the computing speed of SA and the classical iterative solvers provided by MATLAB 7.7 for solving the system of linear equations of HASM. Results indicate that SA is much faster than the classical iterative solvers. The computing time of HASM-SA is determined by not only the total number of grid cells but also the number of sampling points in the computational domain. A real-world example of surface modeling of digital elevation models (DEMs) with various resolutions shows that HASM-SA is averagely more accurate and much faster than the commonly used interpolation methods, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging, and three versions of spline, namely regularized spline (RSpline), thin-plate spline (TPS), and ANUDEM in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean error (ME). In particular, the ME of HASM-SA at different spatial resolutions is averagely smaller than those of IDW, kriging, RSpline, TPS, and ANUDEM by 85%, 83%, 83%, 53%, and 19%, respectively. The high speed and high accuracy of HASM-SA can be due to the absence of matrix inversion computation, combined with the perfect fundamental theorem of HASM. 相似文献
10.
Measurements and Models of the Mass Balance of Hintereisferner 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Kuhn E. Dreiseitl S. Hofinger G. Markl N. Span & G. Kaser 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):659-670
This paper summarizes the methods applied to determine the mass balance of Hintereisferner and several other glaciers in the Tyrolean Alps since 1952. On an annual basis the direct glaciological method was applied with fixed date measurements on 10–15 accumulation pits and 30–90 ablation stakes on 9 km2 .
Indirect mass balance determination from equilibrium line altitude, accumulation area ratios or representative stakes, yield fair results and some exceptions could be related to anomalous meteorological conditions.
Monthly or more frequent stake readings supplied time series of ablation at various altitudes and slope aspects that served as basis for the calibration of energy and mass balance models. Of various models developed, two are presented in this paper. Both are based on degree days, one using daily values from a valley station to predict the mean annual balance of the entire glacier, while the other calculates day-to-day changes at 50-m grid points on the glacier.
The geodetic method has been applied for longer periods and yields results consistent with those of the glaciological method. The balance velocity calculated from recent ice thickness soundings and accumulation measurements is significantly less than observed velocity. 相似文献
Indirect mass balance determination from equilibrium line altitude, accumulation area ratios or representative stakes, yield fair results and some exceptions could be related to anomalous meteorological conditions.
Monthly or more frequent stake readings supplied time series of ablation at various altitudes and slope aspects that served as basis for the calibration of energy and mass balance models. Of various models developed, two are presented in this paper. Both are based on degree days, one using daily values from a valley station to predict the mean annual balance of the entire glacier, while the other calculates day-to-day changes at 50-m grid points on the glacier.
The geodetic method has been applied for longer periods and yields results consistent with those of the glaciological method. The balance velocity calculated from recent ice thickness soundings and accumulation measurements is significantly less than observed velocity. 相似文献
11.
平面点集凸壳的一个性质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文揭示了平面点集凸壳的一个性质,即如果一个子凸壳包含东、西、南、北4个方向上的极值点,则其任一条子凸壳边的外点必在该边所确定的外直角三角形中,并对该性质进行了数学证明。在此基础上,利用该性质对快速凸壳算法进行了改进,达到了良好的加速效果。 相似文献
12.
非均质栅格Voronoi图生成方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马林兵 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(5)
提出一个非均质栅格Voronoi图的生成方法.假定在Voronoi领域扩张中,经过每个栅格的距离权值不相等.由于非均质栅格Voronoi图生成复杂,提出了一种基于A*启发式空间搜索确定每个栅格的归属来产生Voronoi区域的方法.讨论了非均质栅格Voronoi图的基本定义、启发式函数确定、具体生成方法等.利用C#语言实现了所提出的方法,并分析了该方法的时间复杂度.但该方法仅适合于简单点发生元情况,在面向复杂发生元的情况下,需进一步研究更有效的方法. 相似文献
13.
为了解沙石质建筑垃圾不同覆盖方式防风固沙效益,在野外对不同覆盖方式的风蚀风积量、风沙流特征、土壤水分、植被生长状况进行了观测研究。结果表明：（1）不同覆盖方式年风蚀量较流沙减少了91%以上,其中平铺覆盖方式固沙效果好于带状和方格覆盖方式。平铺覆盖方式和流沙风沙流结构呈幂、指数函数分布,带状、方格覆盖方式呈多项式函数分布;（2）不同覆盖方式较流沙显著提高了土壤容积含水率（P<0.05）,平铺方式保水效果好于方格和带状覆盖方式。覆盖度30%平铺、1.5 m×1.5 m方格和宽1.5 m带状土壤各层平均容积含水率比流沙分别提高了3.1%、2.8%和1.5%;（3）不同的覆盖方式较流沙显著增加了植被盖度（P<0.05）,其中平铺方式群落多样性指数最高。覆盖度30%平铺植被盖度较流沙提高了5%。1.5 m×1.5 m方格覆盖方式植被群落多样性指数最低,植被盖度最高,较流沙提高了14%。 相似文献
14.
自适应的IDW插值方法及其在气温场中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
反距离权重(Inverse Distance Weighting,IDW)插值通常采用距离搜索策略选择插值参考点,当采样点集分布不均匀时,距离搜索策略使得参考点聚集一侧影响插值精度。自然邻近关系具有良好的自适应分布特性,可有效地解决参考点分布不均匀问题。结合自然邻近关系,提出自适应的反距离权重(Adaptive-IDW,AIDW)插值方法。首先对采样数据构建初始Delaunay三角网,然后采用逐点插入法,将待插值点插入初始Delaunay三角网中,局部调整得到新的Delaunay三角网,以待插值点的一阶邻近点作为IDW插值的参考点,使参考点自适应均匀地分布在待插值点周围,再进行IDW插值计算。利用AIDW插值方法对Franke函数、全国气温观测数据进行插值实验,结果表明此方法具有较高的精度,且减少了“牛眼”现象。 相似文献
15.
Summary. Seismic travel times for extrema, zero-crossings, or entire body waves need to be determined precisely to one part in 103 or better in several varieties of seismic studies employing an impulsive artificial source. Examples are crosshole surveys which delineate rock crack distribution separating the holes and monitoring of crustal seismic travel times in earthquake precursor studies. A timing resolution of one part in 103 has been achieved previously using digitally recorded seismic data. These methods, however, do not use interpolation between digitized data points as a method to increase the timing resolution. We report travel-time determinations based on interpolation between digitized points which achieve a precision of two parts in 104 , a five-fold improvement over the existing methods. In addition, the effects of seismic noise on travel-time measurement have been compared for the extremum location, the unnormalized correlation, and the normalized correlation method. The following conclusions are drawn from this comparison: (1) the normalized correlation method provides an 18–55 per cent improvement in the standard deviation of the mean over the extremum location method, and (2) results as accurate as those by the normalized correlation can be obtained by the unnormalized correlation if a complete up-and-down swing of the waveform is used as the master trace and if the master trace is close to being sinusoidal. The advantage of the unnormalized correlation over the normalized correlation is speed; the unnormalized correlation is faster by a factor of 28 in computing time. 相似文献
16.
基于DEM的中国陆地多年平均温度插值方法 总被引：53，自引：2，他引：53
以1961~2000年全国726个气象站点旬平均温度为基础数据,在分析了多年月平均温度和年平均温度的空间分布与经度、纬度、高度的内在关系后,提出了一种基于DEM和智能搜索距离的温度空间插值方法(SSI),并与反距离平方(IDS) 等传统方法进行了对比。交叉验证结果表明:1) 传统的IDS方法最优结果的MAE范围是1.44 oC~1.63 oC,平均1.510C;而SSI温度插值方法的平均绝对误差为0.53 oC~0.92 oC,平均值0.69 oC,精度超过IDS等方法一倍以上。2) 随着距离的增大,站点间温度的相关性逐渐降低,会降低估算精度;小于一定的搜索半径,被估算点周围的相邻站点的数目逐渐减少,同样会降低插值的精度,因而对中国陆地部分温度插值而言,最优的空间插值搜索半径介于150~250 km之间。最后,结合DEM数据,生成了0.1o ×0.1o中国陆地区域多年月平均和年平均温度栅格图像数据集,该结果表明:利用SSI方法不仅可以生成高精度、高空间分辨率的网格温度结果,而且其插值结果能客观细致的反映温度随经度、纬度和高度梯度变化的地带性特征。 相似文献
17.
Zhilin Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1631-1647
This article deals with the graphic simplification of a network by schematization. A new method employing a stroke-based and progressive strategy is proposed to generate schematic network maps. This method treats a stroke (which is a long line with segments concatenated together) as a basic unit for the implementation. The procedure is as follows: (a) strokes are formed from line segments, (b) the strokes are re-orientated along grid lines and/or diagonals, and (c) two endpoints and all intersection points on (sub-)strokes are projected onto re-oriented straight lines, and (d) spatial inconsistency is detected and resolved. A methodology for each of these steps is described. This new method has been tested with a set of real-life road network data and evaluated by fractal analysis and empirical study. Experimental results show that this new method is more effective than segment-based methods and is able to produce graphics with great simplicity and clarity. Based on the results obtained, the stroke-based schematization with four primary directions is recommended. 相似文献
18.
基于GIS的新疆气温数据栅格化方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以新疆99个气象台站1971-2010年年平均气温为数据源,采用多元回归结合空间插值的方法对新疆区域气温数据进行栅格化研究。建立了年平均气温与台站经纬度和海拔高度的多元回归模型,对于残差数据的插值采用了反距离权重法(IDW) 、普通克立格法 (Kriging)和样条函数法(Spline)3种目前应用广泛的空间插值方法,针对于这3种方法进行了基于MAE和RMSIE的交叉验证和对比分析,结果表明在新疆的年平均气温的GIS插值方案中,IDW方法精度总体要高于其他两种插值方法。 相似文献
19.
近几十年来珠江三角洲1月和7月水位变异分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以水动力学原理为基础,运用累积距平法、有序聚类分析法、滑动F识别与检验法和M-K趋势与突变分析法4种方法,对珠江三角洲1959-2005年47 a的7月和1月水位时间序列进行突变点分析.结果表明:7月平均高水位的变异点集中在1974-1982年和1989-1995年两个时段,1月平均低水位的变异点集中在1970-1980年和1984-1993年两个时段,且大部分潮位站存在一个变异点,少数存在两个.入海口门站1月平均低水位和7月平均高水位序列变异点前/后的均值出现增加的特征,1月平均低水位C1值基本保持不变 相似文献
20.
Gordon Kaufman 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):304-314
The relative efficiencies of alternative geometric patterns of both discrete borehole and continuous grid line search have been extensively discussed in the mathematical geology literature. However, an equally important problem has received virtually no attention: How to use a sample of properties of geologic anomalies detected by grid line search of a region to estimate systematically both the number and size distribution of geologic anomalies missed by the search. We show how estimation methods developed in the sample survey design literature can be adapted to this problem, and we apply these methods to data describing 94 anomalies identified by a seismic reconnaissance survey. 相似文献