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随着全球变暖,北极海冰覆盖面积逐年减少。在全球海洋渔业资源衰退的大背景下,北极渔业资源的开发和合理利用备受世界各国关注,越来越多的国际组织和科学家开始对北极渔业进行探索研究。由于北极地区环境恶劣,海洋鱼类的种类和资源量相比其他地区较少,但随着北极海冰的融化,北极渔业资源开发和利用成为可能,北极潜在的未充分开发利用的渔业资源正吸引着有关国家的高度关注。为此,本文通过收集国内外相关文献,对北极渔业种类、资源状况及其开发现状进行了分析,同时提出了中国参与北极渔业资源开发和利用的对策与建议。 相似文献
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北极地区正在经历前所未有的气候及陆地环境变化,气温升高、植被绿化、冻土融化以及野火频发等因素已经对北极地区的第一产业产生了广泛而深远的影响。为了支撑气候变化背景下北极第一产业的可持续发展与相关政策的制定,有必要加强北极气候及陆地环境变化对第一产业影响的整体性认识。本文针对北极地区的种植业、畜牧业、林业以及渔业4个第一产业部门,系统梳理了它们受到气候及陆地环境变化影响的类型与程度。同时,本文基于跨部门视角总结了当前北极环境变化对第一产业影响的相关研究,并从5个方面进行了分析与展望：① 气候及陆地环境变化对第一产业的具体影响方式;② 整合局域性科学认识的挑战;③ 气候变化适应策略的制定与实施;④ 数据与方法层面的整合与创新;⑤ 气候变化影响下北极第一产业变化对中国的启示。本文总结了未来气候变化背景下北极第一产业研究的重点领域,可为中国参与北极第一产业资源的可持续利用与开发提供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,国外学术界在北极旅游研究领域取得了一系列重要进展。本文采用文献计量法和系统性文献综述法,通过系统展现国外相关研究的发文量、关键词、期刊、作者及其机构、被引频次等数量变化和网络关系,提炼出“北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容”等6个主要的研究内容,评价了北极旅游研究的不足并提出了未来的研究启示。研究表明，(1)近年来国外关于北极旅游发文量及被引频次较多的期刊包括Arctic, Polar Geography, Annals of Tourism Research等,主要关键词包括北极、旅游、气候变化等,主要作者包括Stewart E J, Dawson J, Grimwood B S R等,主要研究机构包括加拿大渥太华大学、芬兰奥卢大学、挪威北极大学等。(2)北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容;气候变化背景下的北极旅游积极影响与消极影响辩证共存;旅游管理是北极旅游可持续发展的重要支柱;北极旅游发展政策措施的核心目标是确保北极旅游的可持续性;体验稀缺与独特是北极旅游显著而不可或缺的环节;旅游活动影响下的北极社区面临着经济-社会、政治、环境和文化系统等多重变化... 相似文献
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以气温升高为主要特征的全球气候变化,致使北极海冰持续融化,北极地区丰富的资源、便捷的航行通道、重要的战略地位以及军事价值逐渐凸显出来。北冰洋沿岸的美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、丹麦和挪威等国家纷纷加入到北极利益争夺的行列中。为模拟和评估环北极国家在利益追逐中的合作与冲突行为的演化,基于博弈论思想,构建了环北极五国博弈的动态争端模型,提出了物质收益、惩罚损失和名誉收益等三个机制,综合考虑了气候变化、物质收益、国家关系与国家威望、国际法律法规等因素对环北极五国行为的综合影响。针对当前环北极各国在北极问题上的合作与争端开展了动态博弈建模,并对北极海冰完全消融情景时环北极各国在多种不同合作模式下的争端情况进行了模拟预估与实验仿真。 相似文献
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由于气候变化影响、地区经济潜力、以及地缘政治意义,北极迅速成为北极各国乃至北半球国家关注的焦点。自2006年底以来,挪威、俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、芬兰、冰岛、瑞典和丹麦等北极八国陆续推出了新的北极政策。各国在阐述北极主权、资源利用、生态环境保护、社会经济发展和原住民权利的同时,强调了科学研究和科技发展在当地生态环境保护和经济可持续发展中的重要作用,并对科研优先领域进行了不同程度的阐述,以引导各国的北极科技发展并服务于自身的北极权益。本文依据北极各国新近发布的北极政策,综合分析北极科技发展重点和趋势,同时结合我国已有的北极考察和合作基础,提出了我国的北极科技发展建议。 相似文献
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近400年来北极地区和中国气温变化的对比研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对中国和北极地区近400年来的气温变化进行了趋势分析和谱特征分析,通过对比认为,北极地区及中国基本上都有17世纪、19世纪两个寒冷期和18世纪、20世纪两个温暖期,在一定程度上说明了气候变化的全球性,但两地区气温的冷暖转化不同步。中国大部分地区(除华东、新疆、西藏区外)17、19世纪升温开始得较北极早;北极地区绝大部分站点18世纪升温较中国明显,且气温变化的区域差异较大。400aBP以来两地气温变化的周期较为一致,以130～140年、100年、80年的周期为主,说明400aBP以来气温的变化具有全球性,而且气温的变化受太阳活动的影响较大,自然因素尤其是太阳活动的影响是气候变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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In this study, three-dimensional structures and the life-time behavior of arctic cyclones are investigated as case studies, using reanalysis data of JRA-25 and JCDAS. In recent years, arctic region has undergone drastic warming in conjunction with the reduced sea ice concentration in summer. The rapid reduction of the sea ice concentration is explained, to some extent, by a pressure dipole of the arctic cyclone and Beaufort high over the Arctic Ocean. This paper presents some case studies for the structure of the arctic cyclone.It is found by the analysis of this study that the arctic cyclone indicates many differences in structure and behavior compared with the mid-latitude cyclone. The arctic cyclones move rather randomly in direction over the Arctic Ocean. The arctic cyclone has a barotropic structure in the vertical from the surface to the stratosphere. The arctic cyclone detected at the sea level pressure is connected with the polar vortex at the 500 hPa level and above. Importantly, the arctic cyclone has a cold core in the troposphere and a warm core around the 200 hPa level. The mechanism of the formation is discussed based on the analyzed structure of the arctic cyclones. 相似文献
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The Arctic vortex is a persistent large-scale cyclonic circulation in the middle and upper troposphere and the stratosphere. Its activity and variation control the semi-permanent active centers of Pan-Arctic and the short-time cyclone activity in the subarctic areas. Its strength variation, which directly relates to the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and ecosystem of the Arctic, can affect the lower atmospheric circulation, the weather of subarctic area and even the weather of middle latitude areas. The 2003 Chinese Second Arctic Research Expedition experienced the transition of the stratosphereic circulation from a warm anticyclone to a cold cyclone during the ending period of Arctic summertime, a typical establishing process of the polar vortex circulation. The impact of the polar vortex variation on the low-level circulation has been investigated by some scientists through studying the coupling mechanisms of the stratosphere and troposphere. The impact of the Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SFW) events on the polar vortex variation was drawing people's great attention in the fifties of the last century. The Arctic Oscillation (AO), relating to the variation of the Arctic vortex, has been used to study the impact of the Arctic vortex on climate change. The recent Arctic vortex studies are simply reviewed and some discussions on the Arctic vertex are given in the paper. Some different views and questions are also discussed. 相似文献
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全球变暖引发了北极地区的快速变化。北极地区苔原冻土带退化、海冰面积退缩和厚度变薄将使北极生态系发生重要变化 ,因而引起碳的生物地球化学循环过程变异。为精确评估北极地区对人为大气CO2 的吸收通量 ,围绕北极苔原、边缘海和极区海域的碳循环研究引起了重视。调查表明 ,北冰洋和亚北冰洋海冰区是海洋吸收大气CO2 的重要汇区 ,北冰洋具有吸收大气CO2 约 1×GtC/a的能力 ,北冰洋夏季冰缘区的长光照和高生产力促进了对大气CO2 的吸收能力 ,北冰洋深水环流和通风作用也有利于表层碳向深水转移。最近有些调查表明 ,如温度继续升高 ,北极苔原有可能从碳汇转变成大气碳源。国际上正加强北极地区碳循环研究的规划和计划 ,企图通过改进现场调查观测手段以及研究方法 ,来定量研究和模式预测变化中北极地区的碳汇潜力及其对地球气候的影响。 相似文献
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我国从1999年开始已实施了四次北极科学考察,对白令海、楚科奇海、波弗特海、加拿大海盆和马卡若夫海盆进行了广泛的考察。全球变化导致的北冰洋夏季海冰覆盖面积不断减少,导致冰期以来北极东北航道和西北航道的首次同时开通。北极航道集中在陆架海域,不仅是海冰变化最为显著的海域,同时也是陆地－北冰洋相互作用最为显著的区域,对北冰洋区域气候、生态系统和生物多样性、以及经济和当地土著居民生活等具有重大影响。本文对北极航道关键海域近年来国际相关科学考察进行了总结,对科学考察背后的各国北极策略进行分析,并从科学需求的角度对我国在今后北极科学考察中针对北极航道相关海域应开展的科学考察与研究提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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Rapid 20th century environmental change on northeastern Baffin Island,Arctic Canada inferred from a multi-proxy lacustrine record 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
The Arctic has a disproportionately large response to changes in radiative forcing of climate, and arctic lacustrine ecosystems
respond sensitively to these changes. The goal of this research is to generate high-resolution climate records for the past
two millennia using multiple proxies in order to place 20th and 21st century climate and environmental change into a long-term
context. We use a 14C- and 210Pb-dated surface core from Lake CF8 on northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada to generate a high-resolution multiproxy
reconstruction of climate and environmental change. Throughout the late Holocene, primary productivity in Lake CF8 was low,
but increased almost 20-fold in the past 200 years. Insect (Chironomidae) assemblages also show dramatic changes since 1950
AD, with cold stenothermous chironomid taxa disappearing from the record altogether. These changes in productivity and chironomid
assemblages are unprecedented in the past 5,000 years. The dramatic ecological shifts that occurred at Lake CF8 have also
been observed elsewhere in the Arctic, and will likely continue at ever-increasing rates as anthropogenic inputs of green
house gases continue to cause climate warming and enhanced lacustrine primary production. 相似文献
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The role of declining Arctic sea ice in recent decreasing terrestrial Arctic snow depths 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The dramatic decline in Arctic sea ice cover is anticipated to influence atmospheric temperatures and circulation patterns. These changes will affect the terrestrial climate beyond the boundary of the Arctic, consequently modulating terrestrial snow cover. Therefore, an improved understanding of the relationship between Arctic sea ice and snow depth over the terrestrial Arctic is warranted. We examined responses of snow depth to the declining Arctic sea ice extent in September, during the period of 1979–2006. The major reason for a focus on snow depth, rather than snow cover, is because its variability has a climatic memory that impacts hydrothermal processes during the following summer season. Analyses of combined data sets of satellite measurements of sea ice extent and snow depth, simulated by a land surface model (CHANGE), suggested that an anomalously larger snow depth over northeastern Siberia during autumn and winter was significantly correlated to the declining September Arctic sea ice extent, which has resulted in cooling temperatures, along with an increase in precipitation. Meanwhile, the reduction of Arctic sea ice has amplified warming temperatures in North America, which has readily offset the input of precipitation to snow cover, consequently further decreasing snow depth. However, a part of the Canadian Arctic recorded an increase in snow depth driven locally by the diminishing September Arctic sea ice extent. Decreasing snow depth at the hemispheric scale, outside the northernmost regions (i.e., northeastern Siberia and Canadian Arctic), indicated that Arctic amplification related to the diminishing Arctic sea ice has already impacted the terrestrial Arctic snow depth. The strong reduction in Arctic sea ice anticipated in the future also suggests a potential long-range impact on Arctic snow cover. Moreover, the snow depth during the early snow season tends to contribute to the warming of soil temperatures in the following summer, at least in the northernmost regions. 相似文献