Ephemeral rollover points and clinothem evolution in the modern Po Delta based on repeated bathymetric surveys     

Fabio Trincardi  Alessandro Amorosi  Alessandro Bosman  Annamaria Correggiari  Fantina Madricardo  Claudio Pellegrini 《Basin Research》2020,32(2):402-418

Reconstructions of ancient delta systems rely typically on a two-dimensional (2D) view of prograding clinothems but may miss their three-dimensional (3D) stratigraphic complexity which can, instead, be best documented on modern delta systems by integrating high-resolution geophysical data, historical cartography, core data and geomorphological reconstructions offshore. We quantitatively compare three precisely positioned, high-resolution multi-beam bathymetry maps in the delta front and pro delta sectors (0.3 to 10 m water depth) of Po di Pila, the most active of the modern Po Delta five branches. By investigating the detailed morphology of the prograding modern Po Delta, we shed new light on the mechanisms that control the topset to foreset transition in clinothems and show the temporal and spatial complexity of a delta and its pro delta slope, under the impact of oceanographic processes. This study documents the ephemeral nature of the rollover point at the transition between sandy topset (fluvial, delta plain to mouth-bar) and muddy seaward-dipping foreset deposits advancing, in this case, in >20 m of water depth. Three multibeam surveys, acquired between 2013 and 2016, document the complexity in space and time of the topset and foreset regions and their related morphology, a diagnostic feature that could not be appreciated using solely 2D, even very high-resolution, seismic profiles. In addition, the comparison of bathymetric surveys gathered with one-year lapses shows the migration of subaqueous sand dunes on the clinothem topset, the formation of ephemeral cut-and-fill features at the rollover point (few m below mean sea level), the presence of collapse depressions derived by sagging of sediments and fluid expulsion (possibly induced by storm waves) on the foreset, and splays of sand likely reflecting gravity flows on the lower foreset. Though the modern Po Delta is anthropogenic in many respects, its subaqueous clinothem can be studied as a scale model for ancient clinothems that are less resolved geometrically and far less constrained chronologically.  相似文献   

徐闻南山镇红树林沉积物及红树植物中重金属的累积特征与迁移规律     

罗松英  梁艺琼  陈碧珊  林梦婷  梁家新  邱锦坤 《热带地理》2019,39(3):347-356

为探究重金属在红树林沉积物及红树植物中的分布累积及迁移规律，选取了徐闻南山镇红树林为研究对象，通过测定红树林沉积物及红树植物不同部位（根、茎、叶）的重金属质量分数，运用富集因子、生物富集系数、转移系数及相关性分析等方法进行分析。结果表明：1）红树林沉积物重金属质量分数表现为铬（Cr）＞锌（Zn）＞镍（Ni）＞铜（Cu）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞汞（Hg）＞镉（Cd），为中等变异程度；除了镍（Ni）元素外，其余7种重金属未超过国家一级标准，除了铅（Pb）元素外，其余7种重金属均超过广东省土壤环境背景值，说明研究区沉积物中重金属具有一定的积累效应。2）沉积物中砷（As）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）富集因子值均＞1.5，说明受到轻微人为活动影响；各站位镍（Ni）富集因子值均＞5，结合研究区背景，反映了镍（Ni）受到自然和人为输入的共同影响。3）白骨壤体内重金属主要集中在根部，而红海榄体内重金属在根茎叶中分布相对均匀。白骨壤根茎叶部位的大多数重金属质量分数远高于红海榄，说明白骨壤对重金属的吸附能力比红海榄强。汞（Hg）集中分布在植物的叶片部位，且与其他重金属之间相关性不明显；推测汞（Hg）主要通过叶片吸收进入植物体内，与交通运输污染有关。4）不同红树植物对不同重金属富集能力各异，白骨壤对重金属的富集能力表现为：镉（Cd）＞砷（As）＞铜（Cu）＞锌（Zn）＞汞（Hg）＞铅（Pb）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr），红海榄表现为：镉（Cd）＞铜（Cu）＞汞（Hg）＞锌（Zn）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr）。白骨壤和红海榄对汞（Hg）的运移能力都较强；红海榄对镉（Cd）的富集能力和转运能力都较强，而白骨壤对镉（Cd）富集能力较强，转运能力却较弱，这说明红树植物对重金属元素的富集能力与转运能力不存在正比关系。  相似文献   

苏北浅滩沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘峰  刘兴凤  金柘  于仁成  孔凡洲  颜天 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):983-990

本研究通过在2017年秋冬季组织实施的2个绿潮种源调查航次,研究苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性。对沉积物中的微观繁殖体的定量实验结果表明:表层泥样中绿藻微观繁殖体的丰度最高,随着深度的增加迅速降低。在9月份表层沉积物中丰度为9±2ind./g,而在11月份表层丰度达到98±25ind./g;与9月份相比, 11月份浅滩沉积物中绿藻繁殖体数量呈现出显著升高的趋势。通过对51个绿藻样品的分子鉴定发现:沉积物中存在石莼属(Ulva)、尾孢藻属(Urospora)、盘苔属(Blidingia)等大型绿藻的微观繁殖体;数量占优是石莼属繁殖体,主要包括曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza);其中曲浒苔占据的比例最高,在9和11月份分别达到80.94%和73.33%。在2个调查航次中,都从沉积物中发现了绿潮浒苔的微观繁殖体,这些微观繁殖体是绿潮浒苔在苏北浅滩种源维持的重要方式和关键阶段,也构成了黄海浒苔绿潮连年暴发的"种子库"。  相似文献   

Flexural deformation controls on Late Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Garo-Rajmahal Gap,NW Bengal Basin     

Jean-Louis Grimaud  Celine Grall  Steven Goodbred  Michael S. Steckler  Ryan Sincavage  Jennifer L. Pickering  Chris Paola  Leonardo Seeber  Md. Saddam Hossain 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):1242-1260

Subsurface deformation is a driver for river path selection when deformation rates become comparable to the autogenic mobility rate of rivers. Here we combine geomorphology, soil and sediment facies analyses, and geophysical data of the Late Quaternary sediments of the central Garo-Rajmahal Gap in Northwest Bengal to link subsurface deformation with surface processes. We show variable sedimentation characteristics, from slow rates (<0.8 mm/year) in the Tista megafan at the foot of the Himalaya to nondeposition at the exposed surface of the Barind Tract to the south, enabling the development of mature soils. Combined subsidence in the Tista fan and uplift of the Barind Tract are consistent with a N-S flexural response of the Indian plate to loading of the Himalaya Mountains given a low value of elastic thickness (15–25 km). Provenance analysis based on bulk strontium concentration suggests a dispersal of sediment consistent with this flexural deformation—in particular the abandonment of the Barind Tract by a Pleistocene Brahmaputra River and the current extents of the Tista megafan lobes. Overall, these results highlight the control by deeply rooted deformation patterns on the routing of sediment by large rivers in foreland settings.  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献   

Factors influencing biodeposit production by the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii     

Kevin J. Collier  Susan J. Clearwater  Paula H. M. W. Neijenhuis  Susanna A. Wood 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):1-15

Laboratory experiments on the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii were used to investigate the short-term effects (7–8 days) of food type on rates of biodeposition and benthic substrate respiration. Post-feeding biodeposition rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.52?mg?g^?1?h^?1 (mean?=?0.50?mg g^?1?h^?1) and were unaffected by the addition of toxin-producing Microcystis. Addition of suspended sediment (30?mg?L^?1) visibly altered substrate composition, and increased total and inorganic biodeposit production rates by 24–33% compared to mussels fed commercial phytoplankton stock. Biodeposition rates of mussels in lake bed substrates were 38% higher than those in silica sand for identical feeding regimes, suggesting that a significant proportion of material produced in this experiment could have been derived from feeding on organic matter in the lake bed sediments. Respiration rates were higher in treatments with Microcystis but were unaffected by the presence of mussels. This laboratory study suggests that biodeposition by E. menziesii is resilient to short-term exposure to Microcystis, and highlights the ability of mussels to alter benthic substrate composition by incorporating suspended sediment into substrates.  相似文献   

乌兰布和沙漠典型植物群落土壤风蚀可蚀性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王佳庭  于明含  杨海龙  吴其淦  刘泰含 《干旱区地理》2020,43(6):1543-1550

为探明植被恢复对乌兰布和沙漠土壤风蚀可蚀性的影响，以乌兰布和沙漠内不同沙地固 定阶段的 8 种典型植物群落及群落内表土作为研究对象，对土壤物理因子（可蚀性颗粒含量、土壤 含水量、有机质含量）、土壤结皮因子、植被因子 3 类土壤风蚀可蚀性因子指标进行监测，分析土壤 风蚀可蚀性因子在不同植物群落类型间、沙地固定阶段间的差异。结果表明：（1）在乌兰布和沙漠 典型植物群落中，沙蓬、沙生针茅、盐爪爪等草本植物群落的土壤风蚀可蚀性最强，白刺、梭梭、沙 冬青等灌木植物群落土壤风蚀可蚀性弱于草本植物群落，说明灌木林能显著降低土壤风蚀作用。 （2）随着沙地的不断固定，土壤结构不断发育，土壤可蚀性不断降低，土壤风蚀可蚀性强弱表现为 固定沙地<半固定沙地<流动沙地。（3）土壤可蚀性颗粒含量、土壤有机质含量、土壤含水量、土壤结 皮、植被因子与植被类型及沙地固定阶段具有显著相关关系。因此，在沙区生态建设工程中，为了 减少土壤风蚀量，不仅要考虑物种的选择，还要促进人工生态系统的演替和恢复，从而有效降低土 壤风蚀可蚀性。研究结果可为乌兰布和沙区植被生态系统服务功能的科学评价、防沙治沙工程的 建设与管理提供一定参考。  相似文献   

冰碛扇型砂金矿床特征及其成矿初探     

杨文智 《河南国土资源》1997,(2)

成生于冰碛扇内，经一定的生物、物理、化学成矿作用，以砂金形态分布而富集成矿的金矿称为冰碛扇型砂金矿床。它具有沿造山带一定标高范围成群、成带分布，沉积物为近源且半胶结，砂金呈面状分布，并以粒金、块金为主，具胶状、浑圆状、包块状构造形态，分布极不均匀等特征。冰碛扇型砂金矿床的成矿作用与河成砂金矿床有本质的区别。它的成矿作用模式是：造山带下地壳富含的活化金通过新构造运动活化的断裂运移地表，经地下流体和地表流体的迁移聚集到冰碛扇这一封闭稳定的生物、物理、化学障环境中，主要经高效聚金微生物有机胶体成矿作用沉淀、再生加大形成砂金，逐步富集成矿床。而红色磨拉石建造中风化离解的Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ物质对沉淀环境ｐＨ值起着一定的调节作用。冰碛扇型砂金矿床在我国西部造山带内广泛分布，具有一定的工业价值，是砂金矿床中一重要类型，应予以重视  相似文献   

Biological and granulometric controls on sedimentary organic matter of an intertidal mudflat     

Lawrence M. Mayer  Peter T. Rahaim  William Guerin  Stephen A. Macko  Les Watling  Franz E. Anderson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(4):491-503

A variety of measures of organic matter concentration and quality were made on samples collected from the top few mm of intertidal mudflat sediment over the course of a year, in order to assess the relative importance of biological and sedimentological influences on sedimentary organic matter. Winter and summer were times of relatively fine-grained sediment accumulation, caused by biological deposition or stabilization processes and resulting in higher organic matter concentrations. Stable carbon isotope and Br:C ratios indicated a planktonic source of bulk organic matter. Ratios of organic carbon to specific surface area of the sediments were consistent with an organic monolayer coverage of sediment grains. Correction for changing grain size during the year showed no change in the organic concentration per unit surface area, in spite of organic matter inputs by in situ primary production, buildup of heterotroph biomass and mucus coatings, and biodeposition of organic-rich seston. There were also no indications of changes in bulk organic quality, measured as hydrolyzable carbohydrates and amino acids, in response to these biological processes. It is concluded that biological processes on a seasonal time scale affect the bulk organic matter of these sediments via a modulation of grain size rather than creation or decay of organic matter.  相似文献   

上扬子地台震旦系铅锌矿床类型及找矿方向   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

齐文  侯满堂  王根宝 《地球科学与环境学报》2006,28(2):30-36

上扬子地台含铅锌矿地层主要为震旦系。震旦系在上扬子地台主要发育上统灯影组,次有下统陡山沱组。将上扬子地台震旦系铅锌矿床成因划分为一级为叠生矿床,二级为层控矿床,三级为热水沉积改造矿床和热水沉积再造矿床四级类型,该类型按铅锌比例进一步划分为富铅型、富锌型、铅锌共生型。研究区内最重要的铅锌矿床成因类型为南郑马元、会东大梁子铅锌矿为代表的富锌型。陕西南郑、紫阳—镇坪地区,湖北武当、神农架、黄陵地区,以及地台西缘的安宁河、甘洛—小江、峨边—寻甸等地区的震旦系是寻找铅锌矿的最有利地段。  相似文献