南海在1997/1998年El Ni(~n)o事件后的异常变化     

鲍颖  兰健  王毅 《地球科学进展》2008,23(10)

基于NOAA OISST.V2月平均SST资料和FSU月平均风应力资料对南海的SST和风场异常进行了分析,发现:南海对1997/1998年El Nino事件响应最为强烈,并在1997/1998年冬季和次年的夏季SST存在2个异常高峰值,风速存在2个异常减小的极值.为研究南海环流在1997/1998年的异常变化,利用ECOM水动力模型计算了1995-2000年的南海环流场,分析了1998年1月和8月南海水位和环流的异常分布,二者均存在显著的异常:①1月,整个南海海盆为正的水位异常,流场为反气旋异常环流,冬季控制整个南海海盆的气旋式环流减弱;②8月,南海海盆水位为正异常,特别是越南东部海区出现较强的正水位异常,南海南部的高水位中心扩大北移;异常流场表现为南部为气旋式异常环流,北部为反气旋的异常环流,且在越南东部海区形成非常强的反气旋异常环流中心,使得控制南海南部的反气旋环流和北部的气旋环流均减弱.风应力的分析表明,风应力旋度的异常变化是南海环流年际异常变化的主要因素.  相似文献   

FY-3A/MERSI、MODIS C5.1和C6气溶胶光学厚度产品在中国区域与地面观测站点的对比分析     

唐维尧  鲍艳松  张兴赢  刘辉  朱柳桦 《气象学报》2018,76(3):449-460

准确获取气溶胶光学厚度对于气候变化研究和大气环境监测具有重要意义。通过波长插值和时空匹配方法,利用气溶胶自动观测站网（AERONET）观测的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）对风云3A/中分辨率光谱成像仪（FY-3A/MERSI）、Terra（Aqua）/MODIS的C5.1（Collections 5.1）和C6（Collections 6）气溶胶光学厚度产品在中国区域的反演精度进行验证分析。结合一次发生在中国境内的沙尘天气与一次严重雾霾天气个例,分析上述卫星气溶胶光学厚度的分布特征。研究结果表明,（1）FY-3A/MERSI AOD的反演精度较高（R=0.887,RMSE=0.234）,其值低于AERONET的观测值（Bias=-0.293）。（2）在不同的下垫面下,各种卫星暗像元算法AOD产品反演精度有差异,植被覆盖情况越好,反演精度越高,而植被很少的地区,即亮地表甚至没有反演值。（3）MODIS C5.1深蓝算法产品能在亮地表地区反演AOD,但效果不佳。MODIS C6中的深蓝算法产品在不同下垫面的反演精度都很高（RMSE为0.096-0.127）。（4）在不同季节的对比中,各种卫星AOD产品在夏季的反演精度最差,而反演最好的季节各有不同。（5）在一次沙尘天气污染与一次严重雾霾天气个例中,中国西部与北部区域,MODIS C6深蓝算法AOD的监测效果优于其他算法AOD;MERSI AOD产品在此区域的分布不连续。总体而言,MODIS C6 AOD分布比MODIS C5.1产品连续,MODIS 3 km产品在相同区域的AOD值高于其他产品。以上结论可为卫星AOD产品在中国区域的使用提供参考。   相似文献   

Formation and Development of a Mountain-induced Secondary Center inside Typhoon Morakot(2009)     

Xuwei BAO  Leiming MA  Jianyong LIU  Jie TANG  Jing XU 《大气科学进展》2018,35(9):1160-1176

The structural evolution of Typhoon Morakot(2009) during its passage across Taiwan was investigated with the WRF model. When Morakot approached eastern Taiwan, the low-level center was gradually filled by the Central Mountain Range(CMR), while the outer wind had flowed around the northern tip of the CMR and met the southwesterly monsoon to result in a strong confluent flow over the southern Taiwan Strait. When the confluent flow was blocked by the southern CMR, a secondary center(SC) without a warm core formed over southwestern Taiwan. During the northward movement of the SC along the west slope of the CMR, the warm air produced within the wake flow over the northwestern CMR was continuously advected into the SC, contributing to the generation of a warm core inside the SC. Consequently, a well-defined SC with a warm core, closed circulation and almost symmetric structure was produced over central western Taiwan, and then it coupled with Morakot's mid-level center after crossing the CMR to reestablish a new and vertically stacked typhoon. Therefore, the SC inside Morakot was initially generated by a dynamic interaction among the TC's cyclonic wind, southwesterly wind and orographic effects of the CMR, while the thermodynamic process associated with the downslope adiabatic warming effect documented by previous studies supported its development to be a well-defined SC. In summary, the evolution of the SC in this study is not in contradiction with previous studies, but just a complement, especially in the initial formation stage.  相似文献   

青藏高原感热气泵影响亚洲夏季风的机制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

吴国雄  刘屹岷  何编  包庆  王子谦 《大气科学》2018,42(3):488-504

本文回顾了二十年来关于青藏高原感热驱动气泵(TP-SHAP)及其影响亚洲夏季风的研究进展,并从能量(θ)、位涡—加热(PV–Q)、和角动量守恒(AMC)的不同角度阐述其影响机制。指出高原斜坡上的表面感热加热改变了移向高原的大气质块的能量从而出现垂直抽吸的重要性。强调了高原加热产生的位涡强迫在近地层制造了强度大范围广的、环绕高原的气旋式环流,把丰沛的水汽从海洋输运到大陆,为季风对流降水提供充足的水汽条件。证明高原加热还通过改变其上空的温、压场的结构从而制造出高原上空近对流层顶的绝对涡度和位涡的最小值,在角动量平衡约束下,在亚洲季风区激发出与Hadley环流反向的季风经圈环流,从而为季风发生发展提供了大范围上升运动的背景。文中还对近年来有关青藏高原影响亚洲夏季风机制的讨论进行概述,并展望了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF THE ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON ON THE MIGRATION PHENOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS (ST?L) IN CHINA     

刘垚  包云轩  孙思思  郑腾飞  陆明红  谢晓金  刘万才 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2018,24(1):71-81

With the aim to examine variations in the migration phenology and population of N. lugens along with the advance/retreat of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) and lay the foundation for further study on predicting the timing and location of N. lugens outbreak, correlation analysis and spatial analysis were applied for estimating the impact of the ASM and its related meteorological factors on the migration phenology and population of N. lugens in China in this paper. The ASM had a positive effect on the occurrence and outbreak of N. lugens. First, the first appearance date of N.lugens was consistent with seasonal advances of the northernmost location of the ASM, and the ASM provided the dynamic condition for the northward migration of N. lugens. Second, outbreak of N. lugens occurred in the area under the control of the ASM, and the ASM provided the survival condition for the population of N. lugens. Third, the population was positively related to the northernmost location of the ASM, θ_E(850 hPa) and wind speed(850 hPa).Particularly, the stronger southwest wind caused the date of the first, peak and last catches of N. lugens to turn up earlier than in the extremely years.  相似文献   

基于MODIS的北京地区一次霾过程的能见度反演          下载免费PDF全文

包云轩  邵艺  李迅 《大气科学学报》2018,41(5):710-719

利用MODIS_L1B数据,结合AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）地面观测与反演的AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）数据、北京市自动气象站网的能见度观测数据和北京市道面交通气象监测网的能见度观测数据,选取2012年3月6—11日期间发生在北京市的一次重大霾天气过程作为典型个例,反演了全过程的AOD和能见度变化,分析了两者之间的关系。结果表明：1）由MODIS遥感数据反演的AOD值与地面实测AOD值变化趋势均呈“单峰型”,但由于存在观测时间的偏差,总体上反演值高于实测值;2）利用AOD反演值得到的能见度值与实际能见度观测值基本吻合,两者的时空变化趋势基本一致,两者之间的相关系数大于0.6（P<0.01）,符合此次霾过程的实际发生特征。  相似文献   

A Study of the Qianyanzhou Mode in a Subtropical Red Soil Hilly Region of China     

ZOU Jingdong  LIU Wenjing  WANG Jingsheng  WANG Tong  LI Chao  DING Lubin  BAO Xiaoting 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):654-662

Qianyanzhou is located in the heart of Jitai Basin in Guanxi town, the county seat of Taihe county in Jiangxi province. Qianyanzhou has a subtropical humid climate and exemplifies the geographic and geomorphologic characteristics of red soil hilly regions in southern China. In the early 1980s, to control soil and water loss and problems with grain yields, Qianyanzhou’s researchers proposed an innovative, comprehensive stereoscopic agriculture development mode known as the “Qianyanzhou mode”. This mode included a forest-livestock-food ecosystem, a forest-fruit-economy ecosystem, and a land-water compound stereoscopic system, all located within a watershed. In the Qianyanzhou mode, soil and water loss were completely controlled, thereby promoting environmental conservation and economic development. The state and the society as a whole supported this mode thanks to its far-reaching social impact. In the 21^st century, given new societal concerns and continuing economic development, Qianyanzhou mode has been restructured as two ecosystems of forest-fowl and planting-raising circular economies at landscape level, based on an increase in vegetation coverage from 4.3% to more than 80%. These improved modes can significantly enhance the ecosystem, reduce poverty, and to promote the construction of local ecological civilization. This study introduces the Qianyanzhou mode and summarizes its characteristics in different phases. We hope that the information in this study supports improvements to and promotion of the Qianyanzhou mode. We believe the Qianyanzhou mode can play an important role in efforts to modify the agriculture industrial structure, alleviate poverty, and construct ecological civilization.  相似文献   

希尔伯特-黄变换在微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号中的检测     

陈功  王平波  鲍玉军  许清泉  杨辉  陈宗涛 《海洋科学》2016,40(10):91-96

为了在海洋环境中准确获取鱼类在摄食、产卵和争斗过程中发出的短促、瞬时的信号,采用希尔伯特-黄变换算法实现微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号的检测。该算法首先将瞬态鱼声信号实现固有模态信号的分解,其次将经验值高阶阶数的固有模态信号求和重构即可实现信号能量幅度检测;在固有模态信号的分解的基础上,计算求和重构信号的希尔伯特能量谱,即可实现瞬时能量密度级的检测。通过不同信噪比和检测器的比较研究,结果表明基于希尔伯特-黄变换算法的两种检测方法能有效提高微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号的检测性能。  相似文献   

基于多期遥感影像的砂质岸线提取方法——以海阳沙滩为例          下载免费PDF全文

胡亚斌  马毅  孙伟富  包玉海 《海洋开发与管理》2016,33(5):32-36,49

文章提出一种基于发展多期影像和归一化水体指数(NDWI)的砂质岸线自动提取方法,以山东半岛海阳沙滩为实验区,应用2005年多个月份的7景Landsat 5TM遥感影像为数据源,提取实验区砂质岸线。利用908专项修测岸线对提取的海岸线进行精度检验。结果表明,岸线偏差距离为20.9m、均方根误差(RMSE)为33.6m。该方法可为砂质岸线的提取与变迁分析研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

功率谱密度函数的构建及在重力场元计算中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈欣  翟国君  暴景阳  欧阳永忠  陆秀平  吴太旗  邓凯亮 《海洋测绘》2016,(1):6-10

应用输入输出法逼近局部重力场的关键在于构建有效反映局部重力场特征的功率谱密度函数模型、利用"间接法",基于Moritz协方差模型、Tscherning/Rapp协方差模型和Moritz两分量模型分别构建对应的功率谱密度函数模型,并采用非线性最小二乘法在EGM2008模型的基础上拟合了模型系数。拟合结果表明:在2倍相关长度的相关距离内,Moritz两分量模型求得的理论协方差值与经验协方差值的符合度最好。设计了以EGM2008模型重力异常为基础数据,计算大地水准面高的仿真实验。结果表明:三种模型中,Moritz两分量模型的计算结果精度最高,同传统Stokes方法的计算结果精度相当,与拟合的理论协方差曲线图所反映的结果一致。  相似文献