Field-based simulation of a demonstration site for carbon dioxide sequestration in low-permeability saline aquifers in the Ordos Basin,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jian Xie  Keni Zhang  Litang Hu  Paul Pavelic  Yongsheng Wang  Maoshan Chen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2015,23(7):1465-1480

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Evolution characteristics of the Huangtupo landslide based on in situ tunneling and monitoring   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

Huiming Tang  Changdong Li  Xinli Hu  Aijun Su  Liangqing Wang  Yiping Wu  Robert Criss  Chengren Xiong  Yunan Li 《Landslides》2015,12(3):511-521

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A large shock vein in L chondrite Roosevelt County 106: Evidence for a long‐duration shock pulse on the L chondrite parent body          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas G. Sharp  Zhidong Xie  Paul S. de CARLI  Jinping Hu 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(11):1941-1953

A large shock‐induced melt vein in L6 ordinary chondrite Roosevelt County 106 contains abundant high‐pressure minerals, including olivine, enstatite, and plagioclase fragments that have been transformed to polycrystalline ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite, and jadeite. The host chondrite at the melt‐vein margins contains olivines that are partially transformed to ringwoodite. The quenched silicate melt in the shock veins consists of majoritic garnets, up to 25 μm in size, magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates. The magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates are the terrestrial alteration products of magnesiowüstite and quenched glass. This assemblage indicates crystallization of the silicate melt at approximately 20–25 GPa and 2000 °C. Coarse majorite garnets in the centers of shock veins grade into increasingly finer grained dendritic garnets toward the vein margins, indicating increasing quench rates toward the margins as a result of thermal conduction to the surrounding chondrite host. Nanocrystalline boundary zones, that contain wadsleyite, ringwoodite, majorite, and magnesiowüstite, occur along shock‐vein margins. These zones represent rapid quench of a boundary melt that contains less metal‐sulfide than the bulk shock vein. One‐dimensional finite element heat‐flow calculations were performed to estimate a quench time of 750–1900 ms for a 1.6‐mm thick shock vein. Because the vein crystallized as a single high‐pressure assemblage, the shock pulse duration was at least as long as the quench time and therefore the sample remained at 20–25 GPa for at least 750 ms. This relatively long shock pulse, combined with a modest shock pressure, implies that this sample came from deep in the L chondrite parent body during a collision with a large impacting body, such as the impact event that disrupted the L chondrite parent body 470 Myr ago.  相似文献   

沪昆高速江西段交通事故气象风险分析和概率预测          下载免费PDF全文

周雨  杨华  刘志萍  邓德文 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(2):133-139

利用2015—2017年沪昆高速江西段的交通事故资料和沿线气象观测数据,分析了沪昆高速江西段发生交通事故的天气类型和时空分布特征,建立高敏感天气条件下山区型和平原型高速公路交通事故气象风险概率预测模型。结果表明:2015—2017年沪昆高速万辆车流交通事故日变化表现为显著的单峰型,峰值出现在05时;事故高发月份主要集中在4—6月;事故发生地域性强。除日平均气温外,交通事故与同期的气象条件密切相关。采用逻辑回归方法,分别建立了山区型和平原型高速公路交通事故气象风险概率预测模型,该模型预测准确率达到78.0%和79.9%。进一步运用该模型对2018年1—6月沪昆高速发生的交通事故加以验证,对山区和平原路段高速交通事故预测的准确率达到70.56%和86.37%,预测效果较为理想。  相似文献   

Climate changes in the Lhasa River basin,Tibetan Plateau: irrigation-induced cooling along with a warming trend     

Dan Li  Yusi Chen  Tiesong Hu  Yuanlai Cui  Yufeng Luo  Hongying Luo  Qiang Meng 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(3):1043-1054

Characterizing the response of temperature variables to agricultural irrigation is expected to be an important challenge for understanding the full impact of water management on regional climate change. In this paper, the trend analysis and abrupt change test were applied to detect the global warming effect. Then, the quantitative irrigation-induced cooling effects on temperature variables between April and August from 1970 to 2010 in the Lhasa River basin were estimated using historical time series of gridded meteorological records and a map of the area equipped for irrigation. Trends in the maximum temperature (Tmax) were statistically positive, and a significant increasing trend for the minimum temperature (Tmin) was detected at the 0.01 and 0.05 confidence levels. No abrupt changing point of warming was detected in the time series for Tmax. The abrupt changes in Tmin in the irrigation concentration period took place in 1995, 5 years later than the corresponding change in April. Affected by global warming, the increase in temperature was the largest in July and August, when the irrigation-induced cooling effect was also the most significant. The irrigation-induced cooling effect for Tmax and Tmin in April–August (except for June) ranged from − 0.017 to − 0.009 °C/decade and from − 0.011 to − 0.001 °C/decade, respectively, and the cooling effect for diurnal temperature range (DTR) ranged from − 0.011 to 0 °C/decade. The cooling effect on temperature reached above 0.01 °C in July and August, but for the growing seasons, the effect was weak, only 0.001 °C. The Tmax and Tmin trends during the whole growing seasons decreased by both 0.002 °C/decade, respectively, with a 10% increase in irrigation land proportion. Even in July and August, the trends were expected to decrease by about 0.005 °C/decade with a 10% increase in irrigation land proportion. The irrigation-induced cooling effect could partially slow global warming.  相似文献   

2017年11月7—8日南昌市一次重度污染天气过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈翔翔  胡磊 《气象与减灾研究》2018,41(1):69-76

利用地面常规观测资料、探空资料和大气污染物监测数据等资料,对2017年11月7—8日南昌市一次重度污染天气过程的大气污染物特征、天气形势及气象要素特点等进行了分析,并运用拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型（HYSPLIT）分析了大气污染物的后向轨迹。结果表明：1） 此次过程的首要污染物为PM2.5,空气质量呈东部劣于西部,市内劣于市郊的特点。AQI有明显的日变化特征,凌晨和上午10时各有一个AQI高峰,傍晚有一个AQI低谷,中午前后为AQI明显下降时段。2） 地面气压梯度小、风速小,不利于污染物的扩散。对流层中层有低槽东移,低层有弱切变线位于江西省北部,低层弱辐合导致周边污染物向中心辐合堆积。地面能见度与相对湿度变化呈反相关,在重度污染天气发生时多为雾和霾的混合物。南昌上空表现为“中层湿、低层干”的特点,在较干的低层有等温层和弱的逆温层,能抑制大气污染物的垂直扩散。3） 此次重度污染天气过程的大气污染物来源主要有三个,即南昌市周边环境污染、本地污染源的排放和大气污染物的外来输入,外来输入源主要为广东、广西及湖南上空的大气污染物。  相似文献   

联合降水微物理特征测量仪、激光雨滴谱仪和雨量计的降水对比观测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

胡云涛  刘西川  高太长  许平平  吕苗 《气象与减灾研究》2018,41(2):133-139

为了对降水微物理特征测量仪(PMCS)的测量性能进行评估,利用PMCS、激光雨滴谱仪(OTT)和雨量计(Gauge)在南京地区进行了降水对比观测实验,通过分析各仪器所测得的降水强度和累计降水量,研究了PMCS和OTT在不同降水强度条件下的尺度谱及其谱参数测量的差异性。结果表明:PMCS所测得的降水强度和累计降水量较OTT小,但更接近于Gauge所测得标准降水强度和累计降水量,3种仪器降水强度结果的相关性均在0.96以上。PMCS测得的谱均值、谱方差、雷达回波强度均小于OTT所测得结果,数密度均大于OTT所测得结果,两者所测得谱参数的变化趋势具有较好的一致性。在相同降水强度范围内,PMCS和OTT所测得的雨滴尺度谱分布趋势具有较好的一致性,在雨滴大尺度段,PMCS测得的雨滴数较OTT偏少,PMCS和OTT对于雨滴的捕获性能随着降水强度增加而增强,并在达到峰值后逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

气候变化背景下我国灾害风险治理路径初探          下载免费PDF全文

张亚妮  胡德勇  于琛  张旸  段欣 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(1):64-69

在全球气候变化背景下,自然灾害风险加剧,传统以政府为主体的灾害管理体制和机制已经无法有效应对自然灾害,因此开展国家在气候变化背景下的自然灾害综合风险治理具有重要意义和紧迫性。本文介绍了我国灾害管理体制的发展历程及转型过程,提出关于我国气候变化的自然灾害综合风险治理具体路径的建议措施,包括完善自然灾害综合风险治理体系,实现五个长效机制,加强应对气候变化的风险研究。  相似文献   

二级生化出水化学法深度除磷实验     

方华  万震  江玒  冯锡杰 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(5):462-465

以二级生化出水为对象,采用4种常规除磷剂开展了化学法深度除磷和投药量经验系数法研究.研究结果表明,FeCl₃在pH为7.5、投加量为6.5 mg/L条件下,Al₂(SO₄)₃在pH为6、投加量为3.75 mg/L条件下,可使出水总磷小于0.5 mg/L,且处理费用低廉,是生化出水深度除磷的适宜药剂.FeCl₃在除磷的同时,对COD也具有较好的去除效果,可作为总磷和COD均超标的二级生化出水深度处理的有效途径.投药量经验系数法可根据原水和出水的磷质量浓度,估算出除磷剂投加量,在工程实践中具有较大的参考价值.  相似文献   

Accuracy validation of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis daily precipitation products in the Lancang River Basin of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongwei Zeng  Lijuan Li  Jinming Hu  Liqiao Liang  Jiuyi Li  Bin Li  Kai Zhang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(3-4):389-401

Using statistical methods and contingency table method, this paper evaluates the accuracy of 12 years (1998–2009) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) daily-accumulated precipitation products within a year, the dry season, and rain season for each of the five subbasins and for each grid point (0.25?×?0.25°) in the Lancang River basin by comparing the results with data from the 35 rain gauges. The results indicate that TMPA daily precipitation estimates tend to show an underestimation comparing to the rain gauge daily precipitations under any scenarios, especially for the middle stream in the dry season. The accuracy of TMPA-averaged precipitation deteriorates with the increase of elevation at both basin and grid scale, with upstream and downstream having the worst and best accuracy, respectively. A fair capability was shown when using daily TMPA accumulations to detect rain events at drizzle rain and this capability improves with the increase of elevation. However, the capability deteriorates when it is used to detect moderate rain and heavy rain events. The accuracy of TMPA precipitation estimate products is better in the rain season than in the dry season at all scenarios. Time difference and elevation are the main factors that have impact on the accuracy of TMPA daily-accumulated precipitation products.  相似文献