The roughness of wind waves   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

N. Maat  C. Kraan  W. A. Oost 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1991,54(1-2):89-103

In this paper, a new dynamic roughness equation for airflow over wind waves is proposed, based on relationships of dimensionless parameters and the 1986 HEXMAX field data. The equation can be considered as a modification of the Charnock formula. The data are also compared with the parameterizations of Toba and Koga, and of Hsu, and the consequences of the new equation for aerodynamic drag are discussed. In the new equation, the drag coefficient is expressed as a function of both wind speed and wave age c _p/u_*. This testifies to the strong wave-age dependence of the drag, found in several experimental studies. It is also in good agreement with results of a theoretical model of the airflow-seawave interaction, proposed by Janssen (1989).Also: Dept. of Applied Physics, Techn. Univ. Delft, the Netherlands.  相似文献   

Fold structure and underground drainage pattern in the alpine karst system Hochifen-Gottesacker   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Nico Goldscheider 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2005,98(1):1-17

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Carbogaseous spring waters, coldwater geysers and dry CO2 exhalations in the tectonic window of the Lower Engadine Valley, Switzerland     

Pius Bissig  Nico Goldscheider  Joëlle Mayoraz  Heinz Surbeck  François-David Vuataz 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2006,99(2):143-155

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Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Reason for Concern Since the 18th Century and Earlier   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hans Von Storch  Nico Stehr 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2006,88(2):107-113

During the last 20 years the concept of anthropogenic climate change has left academic circles and become a major public concern. Some people consider ‘global warming’ as the major environmental threat to the planet. Even though mostly considered a novel threat, a look into history tells us that claims of humans deliberately or unintentionally changing climate is a frequent phenomenon in Western culture. Climate change, due to natural and anthropogenic causes, has often been discussed since classical times. Environmental change including climate change was seen by some as a biblical mandate, to ‘complete the Creation’. In line with this view, the prospect of climate change was considered as a promising challenge in more modern times. Only since the middle of the 20th century, has anthropogenic climate change become a menacing prospect. The concept of anthropogenic climate change seems to be deeply embedded in popular thinking, at least in Europe, which resurfaces every now and then after scientific discoveries. Also, extreme weather phenomena have in the past often been explained by adverse human interference. A list of claims of anthropogenic climate modifications is presented; the remarkable similarity of the anthropogenic climate change debate in the second half of the 19th century is compared to the present situation. Of course, the present threat seems much more real than any of the historical predecessors, which turned out to be overestimated.  相似文献   

Conceptual model for the origin of high radon levels in spring waters – the example of the St. Placidus spring,Grisons, Swiss Alps     

François Gainon  Nico Goldscheider  Heinz Surbeck 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(2):251-262

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A novel probe for point injections in groundwater monitoring wells     

Fahrmeier  Nikolai  Goeppert  Nadine  Goldscheider  Nico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(3):1021-1029

Hydrogeology Journal - Groundwater monitoring wells or boreholes often show complex flow behaviors that are essential to understand for the characterization of aquifer systems. In karst or...  相似文献   

The stochastic simulation of karst conduit network structure using anisotropic fast marching,and its application to a geologically complex alpine karst system     

Fandel  Chlo&#;  Miville  Fran&#;ois  Ferr&#;  Ty  Goldscheider  Nico  Renard  Philippe 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(3):927-946

Hydrogeology Journal - Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and...  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of InSAR digital elevation models for identification of areas with different tectonic activities in southern Italy     

Claudio Martino  Giovanni Nico  Marcello Schiattarella 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(1):3-15

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Upslope-climbing shelf-edge clinoforms and the stepwise evolution of the northern European glaciation (lower Pleistocene Eridanos Delta system,U.K. North Sea): When sediment supply overwhelms accommodation     

Stefano Patruno  Vittorio Scisciani  William Helland-Hansen  Nico D'Intino  William Reid  Claudio Pellegrini 《Basin Research》2020,32(2):224-239

Clinoforms are basinward-dipping and accreting palaeo-bathymetric profiles that record palaeo-environmental conditions and processes; thus, clinothems represent natural palaeo-archives. Here, we document shelf-edge scale clinoform sets which prograded through the entire width of an epicontinental marine basin (ca. 400 km), eventually encroaching onto the opposite basin flank, where they started to prograde upslope and landward, in defiance of gravity (“upslope-climbing clinoforms”). The giant westward-prograding Eridanos muddy shelf-edge clinothem originated from the Baltic hinterland in the Oligocene and achieved maximum regression in the Early Pleistocene, on the UK Central Graben (CG) and Mid North Sea High (MNSH), after crossing the whole North Sea mesopelagic depocentre and causing near complete basin infill. Here we integrate well and seismic data through the MNSH and CG and examine the Eridanos final heyday and demise, identifying five clinothem complexes (A1, A2, A3, B and C) and six depositional sequence boundaries (SB1 to SB6) in the Miocene-Recent section. Tectonic and climatic events drove the recent evolution of this system. Early Pleistocene climate cooling, in particular, resulted in a stepwise increase in sediment supply. This climaxed in the earliest Calabrian, following a likely Eburonian eustatic fall (=SB3) when the Eridanos clastic wedge was restructured from a 100–300 m thick compound shelf-edge and delta system to a “hybrid” shelf-edge delta at sequence boundary SB3 (ca. 1.75 Ma). In the ca. 40 kyr that followed SB3, a progradation rate peak (>1,000 m/kyr) is associated with clinoforms starting to accrete upslope, onto the east-dipping slope between CG and MNSH. This “upslope-climbing clinoform” phase was quickly followed by the maximum regression and final retreat of the Eridanos system in the Early Calabrian (=SB4), likely as the result of climate-driven changes in the Baltic hinterland and/or delta auto-retreat. To our knowledge, this contributions represents the first documentation of “upslope-climbing clinoforms” recorded in the stratigraphic record.  相似文献   

Formation of CmSn compounds by photopolymerization of CS2 in the atmosphere of Jupiter     

Dieter Heymann  Franco Cataldo  Mark h. Thiemens  Roelof Fokkens  Nico m. m. Nibbering  Ronald d. Vis 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2000,35(2):355-361

Abstract— Toluene extracts from two (CS_n)_x photopolymers were examined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, particle‐induced x‐ray emission (PIXE), and ¹²C(d,p)¹³C nuclear microprobing. the extracts contained elemental s and at least from 17 to 20 distinct c_ms_n compounds with m/z less than ～500 amu. Whereas H₂S is the dominant S‐bearing compound of the normal jovian atmosphere, elemental S, CS, and CS₂ were observed at Shoemaker‐Levy 9 cometary impact sites and at altitudes of the transiently disturbed jovian atmosphere where photodissociation and photopolymerization occur. It is uncertain whether the CS₂ molecular densities were sufficiently large for both to occur, but photopolymerization could have occurred during larger impacts of Jupiter's history. Because the known stable C_mS_n compounds are yellow, orange and deep red, they could contribute significantly to the colors of the jovian clouds.  相似文献