全文获取类型
收费全文 | 740篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 23篇 |
大气科学 | 53篇 |
地球物理 | 158篇 |
地质学 | 232篇 |
海洋学 | 77篇 |
天文学 | 152篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 77篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 45篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 38篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有775条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
91.
Elaine M. Sadler Russell D. Cannon Tom Mauch Paul J. Hancock David A. Wake Nic Ross Scott M. Croom Michael J. Drinkwater Alastair C. Edge Daniel Eisenstein rew M. Hopkins Helen M. Johnston Robert Nichol Kevin A. Pimbblet Roberto De Propris Isaac G. Roseboom Donald P. Schneider Tom Shanks 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(1):211-227
92.
J. Larsson A. C. Fabian G. Miniutti R. R. Ross 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,376(1):348-352
We present a study of the spectral variability of the Seyfert I galaxy MCG–6-30-15 based on the two long XMM–Newton observations from 2000 and 2001. The X–ray spectrum and variability properties of the 2001 data have previously been well described with a two-component model consisting of a variable power-law and a much less variable reflection component, containing a broad relativistic iron line from the accretion disc around a rapidly rotating Kerr black hole. The lack of variability of the reflection component has been interpreted as an effect of strong gravitational light bending very close to the central black hole. Using an improved reflection model, we fit the two-component model to time-resolved spectra of both observations. Assuming that the photon index of the power law is constant, we reconfirm the old result and show that this does not depend on the time-scale of the analysis. 相似文献
93.
Russell Cannon Michael Drinkwater Alastair Edge Daniel Eisenstein Robert Nichol Phillip Outram Kevin Pimbblet Roberto De Propris Isaac Roseboom David Wake Paul Allen Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Daniel Carson Kuenley Chiu Matthew Colless Warrick Couch Scott Croom Simon Driver Stephen Fine Paul Hewett Jon Loveday Nicholas Ross Elaine M. Sadler Tom Shanks Robert Sharp J. Allyn Smith Chris Stoughton Peter Weilbacher Robert J. Brunner Avery Meiksin Donald P. Schneider 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,372(1):425-442
94.
Krahn MM Hanson MB Baird RW Boyer RH Burrows DG Emmons CK Ford JK Jones LL Noren DP Ross PS Schorr GS Collier TK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1903-1911
“Southern Resident” killer whales include three “pods” (J, K and L) that reside primarily in Puget Sound/Georgia Basin during the spring, summer and fall. This population was listed as “endangered” in the US and Canada following a 20% decline between 1996 and 2001. The current study, using blubber/epidermis biopsy samples, contributes contemporary information about potential factors (i.e., levels of pollutants or changes in diet) that could adversely affect Southern Residents. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicated J- and L-pod consumed prey from similar trophic levels in 2004/2006 and also showed no evidence for a large shift in the trophic level of prey consumed by L-pod between 1996 and 2004/2006. ∑PCBs decreased for Southern Residents biopsied in 2004/2006 compared to 1993–1995. Surprisingly, however, a three-year-old male whale (J39) had the highest concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑HCHs and HCB. POP ratio differences between J- and L-pod suggested that they occupy different ranges in winter. 相似文献
95.
Jones RJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):905-911
Bulk metal analyses of surficial sediments collected around the Norwegian Crown cruise ship grounding site in Bermuda indicated significant but localized contamination of reef sediments by copper and zinc, caused by the stripping of the tri-butyltin (TBT)-free antifouling (AF) paint (Intersmooth 460) from the underside of the hull. Highest copper and zinc values were found in heavily compacted and red-pigmented sediments inside the impact scar and were comparable to levels found close to slip ways of local boat yards where AF paints from hull stripping and cleaning processes are washed into the sea. The re-distribution of AF contaminated sediments by storms and deposition on nearby reefs constitutes a significant ecological risk that could delay recovery processes and reduce the effectiveness of remediation efforts. Whilst the ecotoxicological effects of AF paint particles interspersed with sediment is unknown, and in need of further study, it is argued that the significance of AF paint contamination of grounding sites has been overlooked. 相似文献
96.
As, Cd, Cr, Cu, U, and Zn in Aqaba and Eshidiya phosphogypsum showed relative uniformity in particle size presented by coarse (>0.212 mm); medium (0.212–0.053 mm); and fine (<0.053 mm) in the stacks by age of deposition. Jordan phosphogypsum contains low concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, U, and Zn compared to those reported worldwide. The bioavailability and mobility of trace metals were estimated using aqua regia leaching experiments. Leaching results have shown that around 3% of the As, 1% of the Cd, 5% of the Cr, 9% of the Cu, 4% of the U, and 3% of the Zn are transferred to the surrounding aquatic environment and/or soils. Mobility of trace metals in phosphogypsum was classified into three degrees: elements with high mobility were Cu and U; those with moderate mobility were As and Zn; and those with low mobility were Cd and Cr. It can be concluded that As, Cd, Cr, Cu, U, and Zn were not only uniformly distributed in the stack, but they are not leached from the phosphogypsum stacks in any significant amount, and then they are not easily transferred to the surrounding aquatic environment and/or soils. 相似文献
97.
Alexander Hohl Ross K. Meentemeyer 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1626-1641
Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds. 相似文献
98.
G. V. Gibbs N. L. Ross D. F. Cox K. M. Rosso B. B. Iversen M. A. Spackman 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(1):17-25
The power law regression equation, <R(M–O)> = 1.46(<ρ(r c)>/r)?0.19, relating the average experimental bond lengths, <R(M–O)>, to the average accumulation of the electron density at the bond critical point, <ρ(r c)>, between bonded pairs of metal and oxygen atoms (r is the row number of the M atom), determined at ambient conditions for oxide crystals, is similar to the regression equation R(M–O) = 1.41(ρ(r c)/r)?0.21 determined for three perovskite crystals at pressures as high as 80 GPa. The pair are also comparable with the equation <R(M–O)> = 1.43(<s>/r)?0.21 determined for oxide crystals at ambient conditions and <R(M–O)> = 1.39(<s>/r)?0.22 determined for geometry-optimized hydroxyacid molecules that relate the geometry-optimized bond lengths to the average Pauling bond strength, <s>, for the M–O bonded interactions. On the basis of the correspondence between the equations relating <ρ(r c)> and <s> with bond length, it seems plausible that the Pauling bond strength might serve a rough estimate of the accumulation of the electron density between M–O bonded pairs of atoms. Similar expressions, relating bond length and bond strength hold for fluoride, nitride and sulfide molecules and crystals. The similarity of the expressions for the crystals and molecules is compelling evidence that molecular and crystalline M–O bonded interactions are intrinsically related. The value of <ρ(r c)> = r[(1.41)/<R(M–O)>]4.76 determined for the average bond length for a given coordination polyhedron closely matches the Pauling’s electrostatic bond strength reaching each the coordinating anions of the coordinated polyhedron. Despite the relative simplicity of the expression, it appears to be more general in its application in that it holds for the bulk of the M–O bonded pairs of atoms of the periodic table. 相似文献
99.
100.
Cyrena Anne Goodrich Frank Wlotzka D. Kent Ross Rainer Bartoschewitz 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2006,41(6):925-952
Abstract— Northwest Africa (NWA) 1500 is an ultramafic meteorite dominated by coarse (?100–500 μm) olivine (95–96%), augite (2–3%), and chromite (0.6–1.6%) in an equilibrated texture. Plagioclase (0.7–1.8%) occurs as poikilitic grains (up to ?3 mm) in vein‐like areas that have concentrations of augite and minor orthopyroxene. Other phases are Cl‐apatite, metal, sulfide, and graphite. Olivine ranges from Fo 65–73, with a strong peak at Fo 68–69. Most grains are reversezoned, and also have ?10–30 μm reduction rims. In terms of its dominant mineralogy and texture, NWA 1500 resembles the majority of monomict ureilites. However, it is more ferroan than known ureilites (Fo ≥75) and other mineral compositional parameters are out of the ureilite range as well. Furthermore, neither apatite nor plagioclase have ever been observed, and chromite is rare in monomict ureilites. Nevertheless, this meteorite may be petrologically related to the rare augite‐bearing ureilites and represent a previously unsampled part of the ureilite parent body (UPB). The Mn/Mg ratio of its olivine and textural features of its pyroxenes are consistent with this interpretation. However, its petrogenesis differs from that of known augite‐bearing ureilites in that: 1) it formed under more oxidized conditions; 2) plagioclase appeared before orthopyroxene in its crystallization sequence; and 3) it equilibrated to significantly lower temperatures (800–1000 °C, from two‐pyroxene and olivine‐chromite thermometry). Formation under more oxidized conditions and the appearance of plagioclase before orthopyroxene could be explained if it formed at a greater depth on the UPB than previously sampled. However, its significantly different thermal history (compared to ureilites) may more plausibly be explained if it formed on a different parent body. This conclusion is consistent with its oxygen isotopic composition, which suggests that it is an ungrouped achondrite. Nevertheless, the parent body of NWA 1500 may have been compositionally and petrologically similar to the UPB, and may have had a similar differentiation history. 相似文献