Mechanism of cultivation soil degradation in rocky desertification areas under dry/wet cycles     

Wei-min Ye  Zi-yuan Qi  Bao Chen  Ji Xie  Yu Huang  Yao-ru Lu  Yu-Jun Cui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):269-276

Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion, extensive exposure of basement rocks. It leads to drastic decrease in soil productivity and formation of a desert-like landscape. In this regard, changes in climatic conditions are the main origin of the soils degradation. Indeed, soils subjected to successive dry/wet cycling processes caused by climate change develop swelling and shrinkage deformations which can modify their water retention properties, thus inducing the degradation of soil–water capacity. The ecological characteristics of cultivation soils in karst areas, Southwest of China, are extremely easy to be affected by external environmental factors due to its shallow bedding and low vegetation coverage. Based on the analysis of the climate (precipitation) of this region during the past decades, an experimental study has been conducted on a cultivated soil obtained from the typical karst area in southwestern China. Firstly, the soil–water properties have been investigated. The measured soil–water retention curve shows that the air-entry value of the soil is between 50 and 60 kPa, while the residual saturation is about 12%. Based on the experimental results, three identifiable stages of de-saturation have been defined. Secondly, a special apparatus was developed to investigate the volume change behavior of the soil with controlled suction cycles. The vapor equilibrium technique was used for the suction control. The obtained results show that under the effect of dry/wet cycles, (1) the void ratio of the cultivated soil is continuously decreasing, leading to a gradual soil compaction. (2) The permeability decreases, giving rise to a deterioration of water transfer ability as well as a deterioration of soil–water retention capacity. It is then obvious that the long-term dry/wet cycling process caused by the climate change induce a continuously compaction and degradation of the cultivated soil in karst rocky desertification areas.  相似文献   

An empirical formula for friction coefficient of a perforated wall with vertical slits     

Kyung-Duck Suh  Yeul Woo KimChang-Hwan Ji 《Coastal Engineering》2011

The friction coefficient in the permeability parameter of a perforated wall has been estimated on the basis of a best fit between measured and predicted values of such hydrodynamic coefficients as reflection and transmission coefficients. In the present study, an empirical formula for the friction coefficient is proposed in terms of known variables, i.e., the porosity and thickness of the perforated wall and the water depth. This enables direct estimation of the friction coefficient without invoking a best fit procedure. To obtain the empirical formula, hydraulic experiments are carried out, the results of which are used along with other researchers' results. The proposed formula is used to predict the reflection and transmission coefficients of various types of structures including a perforated wall. The concurrence between the experimental data and calculated results is good, verifying the appropriateness of the proposed formula. It is also shown that the proposed formula can be used for irregular waves as well.  相似文献   

蓬莱19—3地区新近系物源分析及应用     

汪巍  申春生  戴卫华  孟鹏 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(4):38-42

鉴于蓬莱19—3地区物源存在一定的分歧,通过对蓬莱19—3地区新近系砂岩碎屑轻矿物、重矿物、粒度分析、砂岩展布特征、地震资料及动态资料的分析认为该地区物源主要来自于东边。结合物源及藻类分析认为蓬莱19—3以西存在一定的水体,明下段表现出浅水三角洲窄河道绫罗分布的特征,而馆陶组以辫状三角洲平原为主。建议在油田地质油藏研究过程中考虑物源及沉积相,完善产液结构,从而改善油田开发效果。  相似文献   

Trophic ecology of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker): stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence     

����  ��ѩ��  ������  ��ʥ�� 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(5):1033-1040

The trophic ecology of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) was studied using stable isotope analyses. Samples were collected from July to September 2009 and 34 individuals from eight sites were examined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) ranged from -20.67 to -15.43, while stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) ranged 9.18-12.23. The relationship between δ13C and δ15N suggested high resource partitioning in the sampling area. Significant differences in stable isotope values among the eight sampling sites may be linked to environmental diversities involving various physical processes (such as ocean current, wind and tide) and different carbon sources. Furthermore, the stable isotope ratios may also explain the ontogenetic variability in diet and feeding, because δ13C and δ15N varied significantly with increasing body size. The findings are consistent with other studies on diet analyses in small yellow croaker. It was also demonstrated that stable isotope analysis could be used to estimate the trophic characters of small yellow croaker in feeding patterns and migrating habits.  相似文献   

噻唑烷酸对肝组织GSH含量的影响及其作用机制的研究     

刘吉  蔡文娣  杨艳  刘万顺  韩宝芹  常菁 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(5):53-58

建立丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(L-Buthionine Sulfoximine,BSO)排空小鼠肝组织谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)模型,研究噻唑烷酸(N-acetyl-glucosamine-thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid,GlcNAcCys)提高肝组织GSH含量,保护肝脏免受外源性毒物、药物损伤的可能机制。正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,BSO组及GlcNAcCys不同剂量组小鼠注射BSO(6mmol/kg体质量,i.p.)。2 h后,正常对照组和BSO组注射生理盐水,GlcNAcCys低、中、高剂量组分别注射不同剂量的GlcNAcCys(200、4009、00 mg/kg体质量)。6 h后,用Ellman’s法测定肝匀浆总巯基(Total Sulfhydryl,T-SH)含量;荧光分光光度法测定GSH含量;用试剂盒检测肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性;RT-PCR法检测谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(Glutamyl-L-cysteine Ligase,GCL)基因表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝匀浆中T-SH和GSH含量,增强抗氧化酶GR、GST活性,RT-PCR结果显示,GlcNAcCys能够诱导GCL mRNA的表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝组织T-SH、GSH的含量,增强GST、GR酶活力,增强肝脏的解毒功能,保护肝脏免受毒性中间代谢物的损伤。GlcNAcCys提高肝组织T-SH、GSH含量的机制与其诱导GCLmRNA的表达有关。  相似文献   

基于GPS数据的CHAMP卫星简化动力法轨道确定     

盛传贞  李庆盛  魏忠勇  姬张建  肖长伟 《海洋测绘》2011,31(3):16-19

利用CHAMP卫星星载GPS实测数据,通过非差简化动力学定轨的方法,计算了CHAMP卫星2008年3月3日～10日的轨道,并以GFZ的快速轨道作为参考标准,评价了本文简化动力法轨道精度.结果表明,CHAMP卫星非差简化动力学轨道1D位置精度可达到7cm,1D的速度精度可达到0.1mm/s.  相似文献   

狼毒种群小尺度空间分布格局及空间关联性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵成章  高福元  盛亚萍  董小刚  周伟 《干旱区地理》2011,34(3)

空间分布格局、空间关联性对尺度具有较强的依赖性,种群在不同的尺度上往往表现出多种空间分布格局和空间关联性。在黑河上游高寒退化草地,采用点格局分析方法,研究了小尺度上狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种群的分布格局和空间关联性。结果表明:小尺度上随着种群的发育,狼毒种群的空间分布格局由聚集分布逐渐向随机分布过渡;两个形体大小程度越接近的种群之间,空间关联性越有可能表现为正关联,随着种群的共同发育,空间关联性逐渐向不显著过渡,形体大小差异程度越大,则越有可能表现为负关联,而较大尺度上空间关联性趋于复杂化。种群个体之间的相互庇护促使狼毒个体的数量不断增长,并通过种内竞争使斑块不断扩张,狼毒种群合作与竞争机制的相互转变实现了种群的扩散。  相似文献   

中国经济增长与制度变迁的空间面板数据分析     

季民河  武占云  苏海龙  姜磊 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(6):1-5

以North的体制经济学为理论依据,将新古典经济学的Solow增长模型扩展为一个包含制度变量的计量经济学模型,并结合空间面板数据分析方法,使用1997—2005年中国省区的社会经济数据实证检验了经济制度环境对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:该时期的制度变迁对中国的经济增长具有显著贡献力,证实了North的制度经济学理论假设。此外,空间面板数据的分析方法深入地揭示了省域经济活动之间存在的空间自相关性,即地区之间通过技术扩散、要素转移以及社会文化交流等在地理空间上发生相互影响。  相似文献   

Common Pb Isotope Mapping of UHP Metamorphic Zones in Dabie Orogen, Central China: Implication for Plumbotectonics in Subducted Continental Crust     

SHEN Ji  WANG Ying  LI Shuguang 《地质学报》2013,87(Z1):373-373

  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of leucosomes in the North Dabie Terrane, East China: implication for post-UHPM crustal melting during exhumation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shui-Jiong Wang  Shu-Guang Li  Li-Juan Chen  Yong-Sheng He  Shi-Chao An  Ji Shen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(5):1009-1029

Migmatites are widespread in the North Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane (NDT) of Dabie orogen, East China. Idiomorphic and poikilitic amphibole grains in both leucosome and melanosome contain inclusions of plagioclase, quartz and biotite, suggesting formation of leucosome by fluid-present melting of biotite + plagioclase + quartz-bearing protoliths at P = 5–7 kbar, T = 700–800 °C. Precise SIMS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that migmatization of Dabie orogen initiated at ~140 Ma and lasted for ~10 Ma, coeval with the formation of low-Mg^# adakitic intrusions in Dabie orogen. Based on mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data, leucosomes in NDT can be subdivided into three groups. (1) High La/Yb_(N)–Medium Sr/Y group (Group I), whose high Dy/Yb_(N) but medium Sr/Y ratios are caused by amphibole and plagioclase residual during partial melting of dioritic to granodioritic gneisses. (2) Low La/Yb_(N)–Low Sr/Y group (Group II), whose flat HREE patterns are produced by entrainment of peritectic amphiboles into melts derived from partial melting of dioritic gneiss. (3) High La/Yb_(N)–High Sr/Y and Eu^# group (Group III), whose extremely high Sr and Eu but low other REE concentrations are caused by accumulation of plagioclase and quartz. Although Group I and III fall in the adakitic fields on La/Yb_(N)–Yb_(N) and Sr/Y–Y diagrams, they are chemically distinct from contemporary high-pressure adakitic intrusions in Dabie orogen in a series of geochemical indexes, for example, lower Dy/Yb_(N) and/or Sr/Y ratios at given La/Yb_(N) ratio, lower Sr/CaO ratios, lower Rb concentration but higher K/Rb ratios. Therefore, leucosomes are produced by anatexis of the exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level, instead of partial melting of thickened lower crust with garnet-rich and plagioclase-poor residual. The coeval occurrence of migmatites and high-pressure adakitic intrusions in Dabie orogen indicates large-scale partial melting of middle to thickened lower crustal column in the early Cretaceous. The required heat source may be the mantle heat conducting through the lithospheric mantle whose lower parts have been convectively removed.  相似文献