Extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water hosts diverse microbial community     

Roadcap GS  Sanford RA  Jin Q  Pardinas JR  Bethke CM 《Ground water》2006,44(4):511-517

Chemically unusual ground water can provide an environment for novel communities of bacteria to develop. Here, we describe a diverse microbial community that inhabits extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water from the Lake Calumet area of Chicago, Illinois, where historic dumping of steel slag has filled in a wetland. Using microbial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and microcosm experiments, we confirmed the presence and growth of a variety of alkaliphilic beta-Proteobacteria, Bacillus, and Clostridium species at pH up to 13.2. Many of the bacterial sequences most closely matched those of other alkaliphiles found in more moderately alkaline water around the world. Oxidation of dihydrogen produced by reaction of water with steel slag is likely a primary energy source to the community. The widespread occurrence of iron-oxidizing bacteria suggests that reduced iron serves as an additional energy source. These results extend upward the known range of pH tolerance for a microbial community by as much as 2 pH units. The community may provide a source of novel microbes and enzymes that can be exploited under alkaline conditions.  相似文献   

Long-term biological effects of petroleum residues on fiddler crabs in salt marshes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Culbertson JB  Valiela I  Peacock EE  Reddy CM  Carter A  VanderKruik R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):955-962

In September 1969, the Florida barge spilled 700,000L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor (Buzzards Bay, MA). Today the aboveground environment appears unaffected, but a substantial amount of moderately degraded petroleum still remains 8-20cm below the surface. The salt marsh fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax, burrow into the sediments at depths of 5-25cm, and are chronically exposed to the spilled oil. Behavioral studies conducted with U. pugnax from Wild Harbor and a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, found that crabs exposed to the oil avoided burrowing into oiled layers, suffered delayed escape responses, lowered feeding rates, and achieved lower densities. The oil residues are therefore biologically active and affect U. pugnax populations. Our results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas.  相似文献   

Vessel biofouling as an inadvertent vector of benthic invertebrates occurring in Brazil     

Farrapeira CM  Tenório Dde O  Amaral FD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(4):832-839

This article reviews the literature involving benthic invertebrates that are cited in association with hull fouling, reporting the species that occur on the Brazilian coast and evaluating the importance of this vector for the introduction of nonindigenous and cryptogenic invertebrates in Brazil. It discusses some of the strategies that were used by the species that allowed for their overseas transport and made it easier to cross natural barriers that otherwise would have been obstacles to their dispersion. The compiled data list 343 species (65% nonindigenous and 35% cryptogenic), mainly from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The traveling fauna, composed mostly of cosmopolitan species (70.3%), is primarily euryhaline and marine stenohaline, with sessile and sedentary habits. After delineating the shipborne species’ ecological profiles and traveling strategies and evaluating their overlapping vectors, we concluded that hull vessels were the main vector of introduction to the Brazilian coast for 89.8% of the compiled species.  相似文献   

The M/V Cosco Busan spill: source identification and short-term fate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lemkau KL  Peacock EE  Nelson RK  Ventura GT  Kovecses JL  Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):2123-2129

Understanding the fate of heavy fuel oils (HFOs) in the environment is critical for sound decisions regarding its usage and spill cleanup. To study weathering of HFOs, we examined the M/V CoscoBusan spill (November 2007; San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). In this baseline report, we identified which ruptured tank (port tank 3 or 4) was the source of the spilled oil and characterized changes in the oil composition across location and time. Samples from three impacted shorelines, collected within 80 days of the spill, were analyzed using one- and two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC and GC × GC, respectively). Weathering varied across sites, but compounds with GC retention times less than n-C₁₆ were generally lost by evaporation and dissolution. Changes in n-C₁₈/phytane and benz[a]anthracene/chrysene ratios indicated some biodegradation and photodegradation, respectively.  相似文献   

Survival trends of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens in a sandy South Florida beach     

Mohammed RL  Echeverry A  Stinson CM  Green M  Bonilla TD  Hartz A  McCorquodale DS  Rogerson A  Esiobu N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(6):1201-1209

The search for alternative indicators of disease-risk from non-enteric pathogens at the beach revealed high densities of targeted bacteria. To explain the high numbers of potential non-enteric pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in beach sand, we investigated factors affecting their survival and distribution, as well as those of a potential fecal indicator, Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated greater S. aureus and P. aeruginosa survival and proliferation in sterile beach sand, than seawater, with diminished numbers upon exposure to natural micro-predators. C. perfringens remained relatively consistent with initial numbers. Intermediate sand particles (850 μm-2 mm) constituted the major micro-niche; creating implications for beach classification programs. Colonization of sterile sand boxes at the beach by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa confirmed the filtering action (>100×) of beach sand. The use of these potential pathogens in periodic sanitary evaluation of beach sand quality is indicated, regardless of the factors influencing their abundance.  相似文献   

Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the coastal waters of southern Brazil     

Moresco V  Viancelli A  Nascimento MA  Souza DS  Ramos AP  Garcia LA  Simões CM  Barardi CR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(1):40-48

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sewage discharge on coastal waters by evaluating the influence of physicochemical parameters on the presence of enteric microorganisms in seawater samples collected from 11 beaches in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period (August 2009 to July 2010). Samples were assessed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), polyomavirus (JCPyV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses (HuNoV GI and GII). Escherichia coli and physicochemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also evaluated. From the 132 samples analyzed, 55% were positive for HAdV, 51.5% for HAV, 7.5% for HuNoV GI, 4.5% for HuNoV GII, and 3% for JCPyV. E. coli levels ranged from 8 to 1325 CFU/100mL at all sites. The overall results highlight the problem of sewage discharge into coastal waters and confirm that there is no correlation between viral presence and bacterial contamination.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中部成藏动力系统的划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施凤成  田世澄  陈永进 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):102-102

成藏动力系统是在含油气系统理论“从源岩到圈闭”的思想启发下针对油气是一种流体矿产这一基本事实提出来的。含油气盆地实质上不仅是一个Anderson所说的“低温热化学反应器”,更是一个复杂的流体(油、气、水)渗流的成藏动力系统。  相似文献   

确定油气初次运移深度和时间及源岩排烃率的...     

Ozkaya  I 田世澄 《地质科技情报》1992,(A10):76-81

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根据重力,磁力进行动态板块构造调整     

Green  CM 于德武 《物探化探译丛》1997,(A02):98-100

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二氧化碳气藏与岩浆幔源流体——以临清坳陷东部梁古1井区二氧化碳气藏为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何会强  田世澄  张兴国  孙义梅  曹忠祥  项希勇  逄建东 《地学前缘》2001,8(4):428-428

2000年6月,位于临清坳陷东部的梁古1井在3 360～4 100 m(中下奥陶统)近800 m井段发现灌装样气异常,异常幅度一般为20 000～60 000 μL/L,最高达80 195 μL/L.在对3 361.77～3 480 m井段进行中途测试时,气体中的CO2含量高达99.18% ～99.58%,并含微量甲烷和氮气,用5 mm油嘴对3 518.8～3 537 m井段进行试气,日产二氧化碳气10 017 m3.2001年,该坳陷内正在施工的德古2井又在上第三系馆陶组发现灌装样气异常,最高异常幅度达330 000 μL/L左右,是梁古1井异常幅度的4倍以上.初步研究认为,这两口井产出的二氧化碳气为岩浆-幔源成因.  相似文献