Intraseasonal oscillation of the southwest monsoon over Sri Lanka and evaluation of its subseasonal forecast skill          下载免费PDF全文

L.A.D.Buddika Bandurathna  Lu Wang  Xuan Zhou  Yifeng Cheng  Lin Chen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(6):7-13

斯里兰卡的雨季发生于5-9月间,主要受西南季风的控制.本文发现该地区的西南季风降水存在很强的次季节变率,主导周期为10-35天.降水的季节内变化与西传的异常气旋有关.进一步,利用S2S比较计划中欧洲中心的数值预报模式(ECMWF)提供的回报试验数据,评估了当今动力模式对斯里兰卡西南季风次季节变化的预报技巧.结果显示,对季风指数的预测技巧超过30天,而对降水指数的预测技巧大约两周,且模式的预报技巧具有明显的年际差异.分析表明,能否正确模拟出大尺度环流对热带对流的响应是影响斯里兰卡降水预测的重要因子.  相似文献   

拜登政府气候行政指令解析及应对策略探讨     

陈迎  王谋  吉治璇 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(3):361-366

正2021年1月20日,民主党人拜登宣誓就任美国第46届总统,上任第一天就签署行政指令重新加入《巴黎协定》。根据《巴黎协定》要求,美国于递交国家批准函30天后,也就是2021年2月19日正式重新加入《巴黎协定》,实现美国气候政治转向。拜登政府的气候政策尚未完全清晰,但其发布的"国内国际应对气候危机行政指令"~([1])可以为分析拜登政府气候政策提供参考。  相似文献   

基于多尺度特征融合网络的云和云阴影检测试验     

杨昌军  张秀再  张晨  冯绚  刘瑞霞 《大气科学》2021,45(6):1187-1195

基于深度学习的高分辨率光学影像云检测过程中,云和云阴影及其边缘细节丢失较为严重,主要原因在于不同尺度空间语义信息特征融合存在不足。针对该问题,本文构建一种基于深度学习的多尺度特征融合网络（Multi-scale Feature Fusion Network, MFFN）的云和云阴影检测方法,该算法结合防止网络退化的残差神经网络模块（Res.block）、扩大网络感受野的多尺度卷积模块（MCM）和提取并融合不同尺度信息的多尺度特征模块（MFM）。试验表明,本算法能提取丰富的空间信息与语义信息,可取得较为精细的云与云阴影掩模,具有较高检测精度,其中云检测准确率达0.9796,云阴影检测准确率达0.8307。同时,该工作可为深度学习技术应用于业务云检测提供理论支持及技术储备。  相似文献   

基于激光雨滴谱的双偏振雷达定量降水估测算法应用评估     

曾广宇  郭泽勇  周钦强  张弘豪  陈星登  郭佳 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):95-100

基于S波段双线偏振雷达资料、雨量计资料及激光雨滴谱数据,在CSU-ICE算法的基础上建立了CSU-LPA算法.以华南地区一次季风暴雨过程为评估对象,对CSU-LPA算法与传统PPS (Precipitation Processing System)算法进行了效果对比,评估该算法在业务中的应用效果.结果 表明,在绝对值相对误差指标上,CSU-LPA算法相对于PPS算法其估测误差减小了约16％;PPS算法在过程累计估测降水分布中存在几个区域的显著高估,且估测散点值分布离散,而CSU-LPA算法的估测结果与实况吻合度较高,估测散点值分布集中,说明新算法稳定性良好;单站小时累计估测降水中,CSU-LPA算法能有效抑制PPS算法的高估效应,尤其在累计雨量较大的时候体现得更为明显.  相似文献   

2021年6-9月广西异常高温成因分析     

赖晟  陈思蓉  陆甲  陆虹 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):111-117

2021年6-9月广西经历了1951年以来最高的月平均气温,大范围高温天气频发.利用1961-2021年广西国家地面气象观测站日平均气温和日最高气温观测资料、1991-2021年ERA5再分析资料和西太平洋副热带高压指数资料,对此次广西异常高温的特征和成因进行了研究分析.结果 表明,气候变暖是导致此次高温事件的重要气候背景,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强位置偏西偏北、中纬度西风带扰动影响偏北以及热带气旋影响偏弱是造成广西气温异常偏高的主要原因.  相似文献   

基于CWRF的中国近海热带气旋集合模拟及其对物理参数化方案的敏感性研究          下载免费PDF全文

Wenru Shi  Haishan Chen  Xin-Zhong Liang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(1):22-26

为评估CWRF模式的降尺度能力和其热带气旋模拟对物理参数化方案的敏感性,本文利用ERI再分析资料驱动CWRF在30km网格上对1982-2016年中国近海热带气旋开展了一次集合模拟.结果表明:CWRF与ERI均能模拟出热带气旋的季节变化和年际变化形势且均存在低估,但相较ERI,CWRF的降尺度技术和集合模拟可以再现更多的热带气旋,显著减少低估.年际变化结果提升最为明显,它对积云方案最为敏感,其次是边界层,陆面和辐射方案,对云和微物理方案较弱.该研究为应用CWRF理解和预报热带气旋提供了参考.  相似文献   

机器学习在广西台风极大风速预报中的应用     

吴玉霜  黄小燕  陈家正  赵华生 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):26-31

以1980-2020年广西台风期间桂林、梧州、龙州、南宁、玉林等5个气象观测站的地面日极大风速为研究对象,采用多元线性回归(MR)、支持向量机(SVM)、模糊神经网络(FNN)等三种较为常用的线性和非线性方法分别进行预报建模,对2011-2020年共10a独立样本的检验.结果 表明,在全样本风速预报的平均绝对误差上,FNN模型对桂林站、梧州站、龙州站、玉林站共4个站点预报的平均绝对误差最小,总体预报精度最好,MR预报模型则对南宁站有较好的预报能力,SVM模型预报效果总体偏差.对于6级以上大风的TS评分、命中率、空报率和预报偏差等4个评估指标的统计,FNN模型的预测精度最高且相对稳定,MR方案次之,SVM在三种方案中预报效果最差.FNN方法对广西台风期间地面日极大风速的预报有较好的参考作用.  相似文献   

The Digital Belt and Road program in support of regional sustainability     

Huadong Guo  Yubao Qiu  Massimo Menenti  Fang Chen  Paul F. Uhlir 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(7):657-669

The Belt and Road initiative has a significant focus on infrastructure, trade, and economic development across a vast region, and it also provides significant opportunities for sustainable development. The combined pressure of climate variability, intensified use of resources, and the fragility of ecosystems make it very challenging, however, to achieve future sustainability. To develop the path in a sustainable way, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of these issues across nations and evaluate them in a scientific and well-informed approach. In this context, the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) program was initiated as an international venture to share expertise, knowledge, technologies, and data to demonstrate the role of Earth observation science and technology and big Earth data applications to support large-scale development. In this paper, we identify pressing challenges, present the research priorities and foci of the DBAR program, and propose solutions where big Earth data can make significant contributions. This paper calls for further joint actions and collaboration to build a digital silk road in support of sustainable development at national, regional and global levels.  相似文献   

Performance of GPS and GPS/SINS navigation in the CE-5T1 skip re-entry mission     

Meng Wang  Tao Shan  Lin Ma  Ran Tao  Chunliang Chen 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(2):56

A CE-5T1 spacecraft completed a high-speed skip re-entry to the earth after a circumlunar flight on October 31, 2014. In addition to the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a lightweight GPS receiver with rapid acquisition was developed as a navigation sensor in the re-entry capsule. The GPS receiver effectively solved the poor accuracy problem of long-term navigation using only the SINS. In contrast to ground users and low-earth-orbit spacecraft, numerous factors, including high altitude and kinetic characteristics in high-speed skip re-entry, are important for GPS positioning feasibility and were presented in accordance with the flight data. GPS solutions started at nearly 4900 km orbital altitude during the phases of re-entry process. These solutions were combined by an inertial measurement unit in a loosely coupled integrated navigation method and SINS navigation initialization. A simplified GPS/SINS navigation filter for limited resources was effectively developed and implemented on board for spacecraft application. Flight data estimation analyses, including trajectory, attitude, position distribution of GPS satellite, and navigation accuracy, were presented. The estimated accuracy of position was better than 42 m, and the accuracy of velocity was better than 0.1 m/s.  相似文献   

A modified mix-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offsets     

Yongchang Chen  Yunbin Yuan  Baocheng Zhang  Teng Liu  Wenwu Ding  Qingsong Ai 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):72

A modified mixed-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time clock offsets is presented. This approach, as compared to the earlier presented mixed-differenced approach which uses epoch-differenced and undifferenced observations, further adds a satellite-differenced process. The proposed approach, based on real-time orbit products and a mix of epoch-differenced and satellite-differenced observations to estimate only satellite clock offsets and tropospheric zenith wet delays, has fewer estimated parameters than other approaches, and thus its implementing procedure is efficient and can be performed and extended easily. To obtain high accuracy, the approach involves three steps. First, the high-accuracy tropospheric zenith wet delay of each station is estimated using mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Second, satellite clock offset changes between adjacent epochs are estimated using also mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Third, the satellite clock offsets at the initial epoch are estimated using satellite-differenced pseudorange observations. Finally, the initial epoch clock results and clock offset changes are concatenated to obtain the clock results of the current epoch. To validate the real-time satellite clock results, multi-GNSS post-processing clock products from IGS ACs were selected for comparison. From the comparison, the standard deviations of the GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo systems clock results are approximately 0.1–0.4 ns, except for the BeiDou GEO satellites. The root mean squares are about 0.4–2.3 ns, which are similar to those of other international real-time products. When the clock estimates were assessed based on a pseudo-kinematic PPP procedure, the positioning accuracies in the East, North and Up components reach 5.6, 5.5 and 7.6 cm, respectively, which meet the centimeter level and are comparable to the application of other products.  相似文献