地球流体力学的研究与进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

穆穆  季仲贞  王斌  李扬 《大气科学》2003,27(4):689-711

简要介绍中国科学院大气物理研究所七十多年来在理论与计算地球流体力学方面的若干研究及其新的进展.在理论地球流体力学方面,介绍了长波动力学及线性稳定性问题、弱非线性理论及行星波动力学以及用Arnold方法(能量-Casimir方法)研究大气和海洋中各种流体运动的非线性稳定性问题的成果.此外,对扰动演变、扰动和基流相互作用及热带大气动力学中的第二类不稳定条件(CISK)也作了简要的介绍.在计算地球流体力学方面,主要内容包括:用物理观点和数学分析相结合的方法阐述了造成计算紊乱和计算不稳定的机理,论证计算稳定性、算  相似文献   

华北地区农业干旱预测模型及其应用研究   总被引：23，自引：8，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

刘建栋王馥棠  于强王建林  毕建杰樊广华 《应用气象学报》2003,14(5):593-604

对华北地区冬小麦进行了水分胁迫实验，确定了冬小麦光合作用速率对水分胁迫的响应曲线，提出了农业干旱指数和农业干旱预警指数两个基本概念，在此基础上建立了具有明确生物学机理的华北农业干旱预测数值模式。对北京、石家庄、郑州和济南1998年至2000年432旬的农业干旱模拟结果表明:农业干旱预警定性准确率为90.7%，定量准确率在87.5%左右；此外，模拟表明模式也可以对区域农业干旱进行准确有效的预测。利用1961~2000年气象资料对北京等地区历年农业干旱进行数值分析，结果表明:不同于大气干旱，在自然气象条件下，北京等地区作物生长期内几乎每年都存在农业干旱现象，特别是冬小麦灌浆至成熟期每年均存在一次较为严重的农业干旱胁迫过程，但农业干旱胁迫程度年际间存在一定波动，功率谱分析表明其具有3~6年的周期变化规律。对平均气候状况下华北地区农业干旱进行了时空动态分析，结果发现在自然条件下，华北大部分地区冬小麦4月下旬至5月下旬，即大约在冬小麦开花、灌浆至成熟期，农业干旱胁迫指数存在一种自然的逐渐加强的动态过程，这与华北地区的农业生产实践是基本一致的。  相似文献   

甘肃平凉地区正地闪特征分析   总被引：9，自引：9，他引：9  

张义军  言穆弘  张翠华  王怀斌 《高原气象》2003,22(3):295-300

利用雷电定位和雷达观测资料对甘肃平凉地区正地闪特性进行了分析。结果表明：正、负地闪回击的上升时间分布范围基本一致，大约在3—20μs之间，其平均值负地闪为8．33μs，正地闪为10．7μs。负地闪回击后的过军时间分布范围较广，在10-130μs之间，其平均值为51μs；正地闪回击后的过军时间分布范围比负地闪要小得多，在10一50μs之间，其平均值为19．67μs。负地闪的反冲深度dp为32％，正地闪为55％。在正负地闪的日变化中，负地闪有两个峰值分别出现在01：00和13：00(北京时，下同)，而正地闪在下午18：00出现一个极大值，正负地闪数的分布呈反相关。降雹时间的峰值与正地闪峰值时间有比较好的一致性，正地闪的发生与云中固态水成物粒子的沉降有关。  相似文献   

雷电监测预警系统的原理及应用          下载免费PDF全文

沐俊山  雷治平  张存华 《山西气象》2004,(4):24-26

本文讨论了有关雷电的基本知识，列举了目前存在的各种雷电定位方法，分析了雷电定位的几个过程。对近期引进VAISALA公司的SAFIR3000型雷电监测预警系统采用的探测原理做了分析，并总结了这套探测系统采用的VHF干涉测量原理特点及不足之处。  相似文献   

Correlation Fractal and Multifractal Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the Taiwan Area, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

XU Jiandong  HUANG Jianf  WEI Fuquan  YAN Yunpeng  LI Yaping  LIN Chien-te Institute of Geology  China Earthquake Administration  Beijing  Chin  Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province  Fuzhou  Fujian  China China Aero Geophysical Survey  Remote Sensing for Land  Resources  Beijing  China Leader University  Tainan  Taiwan  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):225-232

Based on the analysis of newly collected data of plate tectonics, distribution of active faults and crustal deformation, the Taiwan area is divided into two seismic regions and six seismic belts. Then, correlation fractal dimensions of all the regions and belts are calculated, and the fractal characteristics of hypocenteral distribution can be quantitatively analyzed. Finally, multifractal dimensions Dq and f(α) are calculated by using the earthquake catalog of the past 11 years in the Taiwan area. This study indicates that (1) there exists a favorable corresponding relationship between spatial images of seismic activity described with correlation fractal dimension analysis and tectonic settings; (2) the temporal structure of earthquakes is not single but multifractal fractal, and the pattern of Dq variation with time is a good indicator for predicting strong earthquake events.  相似文献   

Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of alkaline syenites in Liangtun-Kuangdonggou, Liaoning Province, China： Evidence for enriched mantle before 1.86 Ga and implications     

任康绪  阎国翰  蔡剑辉  牟保磊  李凤棠  古丽冰  赵凤三  储著银 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(3):232-242

The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K2O Na2O), with an average of 10.50%, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of 6.48. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K2O than those of Na2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10 -6 to 1314×10 -6, with a mean value of 666×10 -6. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: 0.63-1.15). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the εSr(t)-εNd(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ( 87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7045-0.7051) and negative εNd(t) values (-3.72--3.97), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before 1.86 Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.  相似文献   

The use of the exponent K(q) function to delimit homogeneous regions in regional frequency analysis of extreme annual daily rainfall          下载免费PDF全文

A. P. García‐Marín  J. Estévez  C. Sangüesa‐Pool  R. Pizarro‐Tapia  J. L. Ayuso‐Muñoz  F. J. Jimenez‐Hornero 《水文研究》2015,29(1):139-151

The regional frequency analysis of extreme annual rainfall data is a useful methodology in hydrology to obtain certain quantile values when no long data series are available. The most crucial step in the analysis is the grouping of sites into homogeneous regions. This work presents a new grouping criterion based on some multifractal properties of rainfall data. For this purpose, a regional frequency analysis of extreme annual rainfall data from the Maule Region (Chile) has been performed. Daily rainfall data series of 53 available stations have been studied, and their empirical moments scaling exponent functions K(q) have been obtained. Two characteristics parameters of the K(q) functions (γ_max and K(0)) have been used to group the stations into three homogeneous regions. Only five sites have not been possible to include into any homogenous regions, being the local frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall the most appropriate method to be used at these locations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Sea Level Prediction in the Yellow Sea From Satellite Altimetry With a Combined Least Squares-Neural Network Approach     

Jian Zhao  Yanguo Fan  Yuxiang Mu 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(4):344-366

Accessible high-quality observation datasets and proper modeling process are critically required to accurately predict sea level rise in coastal areas. This study focuses on developing and validating a combined least squares-neural network approach applicable to the short-term prediction of sea level variations in the Yellow Sea, where the periodic terms and linear trend of sea level change are fitted and extrapolated using the least squares model, while the prediction of the residual terms is performed by several different types of artificial neural networks. The input and output data used are the sea level anomalies (SLA) time series in the Yellow Sea from 1993 to 2016 derived from ERS-1/2, Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, and Envisat satellite altimetry missions. Tests of different neural network architectures and learning algorithms are performed to assess their applicability for predicting the residuals of SLA time series. Different neural networks satisfactorily provide reliable results and the root mean square errors of the predictions from the proposed combined approach are less than 2?cm and correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SLA are up to 0.87. Results prove the reliability of the combined least squares-neural network approach on the short-term prediction of sea level variability close to the coast.  相似文献   

Evaluation of NLDAS‐2 evapotranspiration against tower flux site observations          下载免费PDF全文

Youlong Xia  Michael T. Hobbins  Qiaozhen Mu  Michael B. Ek 《水文研究》2015,29(7):1757-1771

The North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) has run four land surface models for a 30‐year (1979–2008) retrospective period. Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important model outputs from NLDAS‐2 for investigating land–atmosphere interaction or to monitor agricultural drought. Here, we evaluate hourly ET using in situ observations over the Southern Great Plains (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed network) for 1 January 1997–30 September 1999 and daily ET u‐sing in situ observations at the AmeriFlux network over the conterminous USA for an 8‐year period (2000–2007). The NLDAS‐2 models compare well against observations, with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Noah land surface model performing best, followed, in order, by the Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic models. Daily evaluation across the AmeriFlux network shows that for all models, performance depends on season and vegetation type; they do better in spring and fall than in winter or summer and better for deciduous broadleaf forest and grasslands than for croplands or evergreen needleleaf forest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola          下载免费PDF全文

Sylvie Leroy  Nadine Ellouz‐Zimmermann  Jordane Corbeau  Frédérique Rolandone  Bernard Mercier de Lépinay  Bertrand Meyer  Roberte Momplaisir  José‐Luis Granja Bruña  Anne Battani  Céline Baurion  Evgueni Burov  Valérie Clouard  Rémy Deschamps  Christian Gorini  Youri Hamon  Manfred Lafosse  Jottin Leonel  Laetitia Le Pourhiet  Pilar Llanes Estrada  Nicolas Loget  Francis Lucazeau  Daniel Pillot  Jeffrey Poort  Kevin R. Tankoo  José‐Luis Cuevas  José‐Fernando Alcaide  Claude Jean Poix  Alfonso Muñoz‐Martin  Serge Mitton  Yamil Rodriguez  Julien Schmitz  Leonardo Seeber  Andres Carbo‐Gorosabel  Santiago Muñoz 《地学学报》2015,27(6):467-478

We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a^?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary.  相似文献