A benthic mucilage event in North-Western Mediterranean Sea and its possible relationships with the summer 2003 European heatwave: short term effects on littoral rocky assemblages     

Stefano Schiaparelli  Michela Castellano  Paolo Povero  Gianfranco Sartoni  & Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(3):341-353

In this contribution we document an anomalous mucilage growth which occurred in June 2003 along the rocky cliffs of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean Sea), and we describe its dynamics and its negative effects on many benthic taxa. The zooxanthellate scleractinian Cladocora caespitosa underwent ‘bleaching’ and about 40% of biomass of the erect algae was detached by mucilage ‘lianas’ created and strengthened by bottom currents. The 2003 event differed from any other previously occurred in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, in that the mucilage aggregates were formed by the free‐living form of the Phaeophyceae Acinetospora crinita (Harvey) Kornmann, a not usually dominant species in mucilage aggregates from the north Tyrrhenian Sea. The damage suffered by the benthic organisms living in this area was curtailed by a severe storm, occurred in July, which removed the mucilage to deeper depths, preventing irreversible damages. Only slow growing, perennant organisms, such as corallinales or scleractinians, were seriously affected, but a survey carried out 1 year later, in June 2004, allowed to appreciate a complete recovery of those organisms. This anomalous mucilage event occurred in coincidence of the 2003 European heatwave, and the anomalous temperature increase of seawater has to be regarded as the major contributing event that led to the mucilage outbreak.  相似文献   

Phenotypic plasticity of Vermetidae suspension feeding: a potential bias in their use as Biological Sea-Level Indicators     

Stefano Schiaparelli  Giancarlo Albertelli  & Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(1):44-53

Some organisms represent useful Biological Sea‐Level Indicators (Bio SLI) thanks to their constant position relative to sea level and allow the reconstruction of past sea level changes. The sessile gastropods Vermetidae are among the most used indicators, since their shells often resist time averaging and can be easily dated with ¹⁴C. However, all these vermetids have a level of precision (± 0.5–1 m), obtained from data on the Mediterranean Dendropoma petraeum (Monterosato, 1884). We found a certain degree of plasticity in this species; it can also live subtidally, not in correspondence with the main sea level, where it feeds adopting a mixed feeding strategy. Considering this variability and the almost complete lack of knowledge for other Bio SLI vermetids, it appears clear that a common value of precision cannot be maintained and the precision of other vermetid species remains to be tested.  相似文献   

A new methodology to compute the gravitational contribution of a spherical tesseroid based on the analytical solution of a sector of a spherical zonal band     

Anna Maria Marotta  Riccardo Barzaghi 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(10):1207-1224

A new methodology for computing the gravitational effect of a spherical tesseroid has been devised and implemented. The methodology is based on the rotation from the global Earth-Centred Rotational reference frame to the local Earth-Centred P-Rotational reference frame, referred to the computation point P, and it requires knowledge of the height and the angular extension of each topographic column. After rotation, the gravitational effect of the tesseroid is computed via the effect of a sector of the spherical zonal band. In this respect, two possible procedures for handling the rotated tesseroids have been proposed and tested. The results obtained with the devised methodology are in good agreement with those derived by applying other existing methodologies.  相似文献   

Can Rock Composition Affect Sublittoral Epibenthic Communities?     

Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti  Giancarlo Albertelli  Giorgio Bavestrello  Carlo Nike Bianchi  Carlo Cerrano  Mariachiara Chiantore  Laura Gaggero  Carla Morri  Stefano Schiaparelli 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):65-77

Abstract. Biomineralogy, as the complex of interactions at different levels (cell, organism, species, and community) between organisms and minerals, may play a significant role in the spatial distribution and structure of marine communities. For instance, a negative influence of quartz has been underlined on the Mediterranean benthic communities, which show a species-poorer structure in quartz-rich environments. Excluding the role of quartz, the aim of this work is to verify whether the composition of various mineralogical substrata can affect a hard-bottom benthic community. In the Ligurian Sea, the Levanto area shows an astonishing complex of substrata with different petrographic characters: in a few kilometres, sandstones, serpentinites, gabbros, and basalts occur in geometric association. Consequently, this area represents a suitable frame for this type of study. Herein, algal photophilic assemblages growing on the four mineralogical substrata show significant differences in number of species and percentage cover or abundance. This suggests a significant influence of rock mineral composition on the hard bottom community. Therefore, rock composition must be taken into account for a better understanding of the processes at the basis of hard-bottom community development and diversity.  相似文献   

Field measurements of wave overtopping at the rubble mound breakwater of Rome–Ostia yacht harbour     

Riccardo Briganti  Giorgio Bellotti  Leopoldo Franco  Julien De Rouck  Jimmy Geeraerts 《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(12):351-1174

This paper describes a new station for full-scale measurement of wave overtopping at the Rome yacht harbour rubble mound breakwater in Ostia (Italy) and the results of the successful first measurement campaign carried out during the winter season 2003–2004. The equipment and the research activities were supported by the EU project CLASH, focusing on scale effects for wave overtopping at coastal structures. The site is characterized by a very small tidal range, a long shallow foreshore and depth-limited breaking waves which interact with a shallow sloping porous rock structure. Overtopping water is collected by a steel tank installed on the crown slab behind the parapet wall. The measurement of water level variation inside the tank by means of two pressure transducers allows the calculation of individual overtopping volumes. Incident waves, sea levels and wind are also measured. During seven independent storms, more than 400 individual overtopping events were recorded and about 86 h of valid data are available. This extensive dataset is presented, discussed and then used for comparison with two commonly used overtopping prediction formulae based on small-scale model tests showing their tendency to underestimate the prototype results. A strong correlation between the hourly mean overtopping discharge and corresponding maximum volume is also presented. The paper generally confirms the validity of the approach used in Troch et al. (2004) [Troch, P., Geeraets, J., Van de Walle, B., De Rouck, J., Van Damme, L., Allsop, W., Franco, L., 2004. Full-scale wave overtopping measurements on the Zeebrugge rubble mound breakwater. Coastal Engineering 51, 609–628] for field measurement of wave overtopping.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of basalts and gabbros from an ancient continent–ocean transition (External Liguride ophiolites, Northern Italy)     

Alessandra Montanini  Riccardo Tribuzio  Luigi Vernia 《Lithos》2008,101(3-4):453-479

Remnants of a fossil continent–ocean transition similar to that of the modern non-volcanic continental margins are preserved in the Jurassic External Liguride units. They consist of fertile lherzolites of subcontinental origin, MOR-type basalts and rare gabbroic intrusives, together with continental crust bodies exhumed during the rifting phases preceding the oceanization. The gabbroic rocks include troctolites, (olivine) gabbros, Fe–Ti oxide-bearing gabbros and diorites. Trace element and Nd isotope compositions indicate that these rocks were derived from N-MORB melts variably evolved through fractional crystallisation. In the gabbroic rocks, high-temperature ( 900 °C) shearing along ductile shear zones is locally overprinted by amphibolite-facies recrystallization (T  650 °C), which was most likely assisted by seawater-derived fluids. Basalts crop out as lava flows and as dykes crosscutting mantle lherzolites and gabbroic rocks. They display nearly flat REE patterns and high Y/Nb values (5–14), similar to modern N-MORB. Basalts are also characterised by weak Zr enrichment relative to neighbouring REE (Zr/Zr = 1.1–1.7) and high (Sm/Yb)_DM ratios (1.5–1.8). Their Nd isotope compositions are close to typical depleted mantle (initial _Nd = +7.6 to + 9.4). The geochemical features of parental melts of basaltic and gabbroic rocks may be attributed to melting of a MORB-type asthenospheric source. Trace element modelling shows that low-degree (≤ 6%) fractional melting of a depleted spinel peridotite cannot account for the elevated Sm/Yb ratios of basalts. Low-degree melting of a mixed source of spinel peridotite with small amounts of garnet pyroxenite has been proposed to explain the trace element signature of basalts.  相似文献   

Atlantic forcing of Pacific decadal variability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fred Kucharski  Farah Ikram  Franco Molteni  Riccardo Farneti  In-Sik Kang  Hyun-Ho No  Martin P. King  Graziano Giuliani  Kristian Mogensen 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(7-8):2337-2351

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An innovative application of the Kinect in Earth sciences: quantifying deformation in analogue modelling of volcanoes     

Riccardo Tortini  Fabio L. Bonali  Claudia Corazzato  Simon A. Carn  Alessandro Tibaldi 《地学学报》2014,26(4):273-281

Measuring surface deformation is critical in analogue modelling of Earth science phenomena. Here, we present a novel application of the Microsoft Kinect sensor to measure vertical deformation in a scaled analogue model of Nisyros volcano (Greece), simulating two magmatic sources and related surface deformation. The Kinect permits capture of real time, 640 × 480 pixel, true‐colour images (RGB) and a grid of distances to the modelled surface with a horizontal and vertical resolution of ±1 mm. Using recorded distances permits quantification of vertical deformation in terms of maximum and average down‐ and uplift during deflation and inflation phases respectively, which is of crucial importance for defining the kinematics of faults formed during the modelling, determined from interpretation of the RGB images. Although other techniques have demonstrated similar or higher accuracy, our study demonstrates the cost‐effectiveness of the Kinect in analogue modelling of volcanoes.  相似文献   

Self-standing bent silicon crystals for very high efficiency Laue lens     

Valerio Bellucci  Riccardo Camattari  Vincenzo Guidi  Ilaria Neri  Nicolas Barri��re 《Experimental Astronomy》2011,31(1):45-58

Silicon mono-crystals have been bent thanks to a series of parallel superficial indentations on one of the largest faces of the crystals. This technique relies on irreversible compression of the crystal beneath and beside the indentations. This latter causes deformation with no need for external device, resulting in a uniform self-standing curvature within the crystal. Indented Si crystals have been characterized at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a monochromatic beam ranging from 150 to 700 keV. Crystals exhibited very high diffraction efficiency over a broad range of energy, peaking 95% at 150 keV. Measured angular spread of the diffracted beam was always very close to the morphological curvature of the sample under investigation, proving that the energy passband of bent crystals can be controlled by simply imparting a selected curvature to the sample. The method of superficial indentations was found to offer high reproducibility and easy control of diffraction properties of the crystals. Moreover the method is cheap and simple, being based on mass production tools. A Laue lens made of crystals bent by superficial indentations can provide high-efficiency concentration of hard x-ray photons, leading significant improvement in many astrophysical applications.  相似文献   

Large-scale stratigraphic architecture and sequence analysis of an early Pleistocene submarine canyon fill,Monte Ascensione succession (Peri-Adriatic basin,eastern central Italy)     

Claudio Di Celma  Riccardo Teloni  Andrea Rustichelli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(3):843-875

The Monte Ascensione succession (c. 2.65–2.1 Ma) is a well-exposed example of an exhumed submarine canyon fill embedded within slope hemipelagic mudstones. This gorge represented a long-lasting pathway for sediment transport and deposition and during the Gelasian delivered Apennine-derived clastic sediment to the adjacent Peri-Adriatic basin. A total of six principal lithofacies types, representing both canyon-confining hemipelagic deposits and canyon-filling turbidity current and mass-transport deposits, can be delineated in the studied sedimentary succession. The canyon-fill deposits display a marked cyclic character and the component lithofacies succeed one another to form at least fifteen fining-upward stratal units, which are interpreted to represent high-frequency, unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. Variability in the vertical repetition of constituent lithofacies allows the identification of three basic styles of sequence architecture that can be interpreted in terms of differing positions along a conceptual down-canyon depositional profile. An integrated chronology, based on biostratigraphic data and on palaeomagnetic polarity measurements, strongly supports a one-to-one correlation between the sequence-bounding surfaces and oxygen isotope stages G2–78, suggesting that the most feasible sequence-engendering mechanism is that of orbitally dictated glacio-eustatic changes in sea level, which regulated timing of sediment storage on the shelf and its redistribution beyond the shelf edge. One of the most significant aspects of this study is the demonstration that processes occurring within upper slope canyons can be expected to be strongly influenced by variations in sea level; that is, the erosional and depositional features evident in these deposits can be strongly controlled by allocyclic processes rather than autocyclic or random processes.  相似文献