Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Renjian  HAN Zhiwei  SHEN Zhenxing  CAO Junji 《大气科学进展》2008,25(1):89-95

A continuous measurement of number size distributions and chemical composition of aerosol particles was conducted in Beijing in a dust storm event during 21-26 March 2001. The number concentration of coarse particles （ 〉2μm） increased more significantly than fine particles （ 〈2μm） during the dust storm due to dust weather, while the anthropogenic aerosols collected during the non-dust-storm period tended to be associated with fine particles. Elemental compositions were analyzed by using proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE）. The results show that 20 elements in the dust storm were much higher than in the non-dust-storm period. The calculated soil dust concentration during the dust storm was, on average, 251.8μg m^-3, while it was only 52.1μg m^-3 on non-dust-storm days. The enrichment factors for Mg, A1, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, C1, Cu, Pb, and Zn show small variations between the dust storm and the non-dust-storm period, while those for Ca, Ni and Cr in the dust storm were much lower than those in the non-dust-storm period due to significant local emission sources. A high concentration and enrichment factor for S were observed during the dust storm, which implies that the dust particles were contaminated by aerosol particles from anthropogenic emissions during the long-range transport. A statistical analysis shows that the elemental composition of particles collected during the dust storm in Beijing were better correlated with those of desert soil colleted from desert regions in Inner Mongolia. Air mass back-trajectory analysis further confirmed that this dust storm event could be identified as streaks of dust plumes originating from Inner Mongolia.  相似文献   

Application of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Initializing Cloud-Resolving Mesoscale Model. Part Ⅱ: Numerical Simulation Experiments          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Hongya  XU Haiming  XUE Jishan  HU Zhijin  SHEN Tongli 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(2)

Microphysics elements and vertical velocity retrieved were incorporated using the nudging method into the initial data assimilation of GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) model.Simulation experiments indicated that nudging technique was effective in forcing the model forecast gradually consistent to the observations, yielding the thermodynamically and dynamically balanced analysis field. As viewed from the simulation results, water vapor is vital to precipitation, and it is a governing factor for the amount and duration of precipitation. The initial cloud water, rain water, and vertical velocity determine the strength distribution of convection and precipitation at the beginning time of forecast; the horizontal wind field steers the motion of the mesoscale weather system embedded in and impacts the position of precipitation zone to a large extent. The simulation experiments show that the influence of the initial retrieval data on prediction weakens with the increase of forecast time, and within the first hour of forecast, the retrieval data have an important impact on the evolution of the weather system, but its influence becomes trivial after the first three hours. Changing the nudging coefficient and the integral time-spacing of numerical model will bring some influences to the results. Herein only one radar reflectivity was used, the radar observations did not cover the whole model domain, and some empirical parameters were used in the retrieval method, therefore some differences still lie between simulation and observation to a certain extent, and further studies on several aspects are expected.  相似文献   

大连沙尘天气及预报模型分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋煜  曲晓波  隋洪起  黄振 《气象》2008,34(11):54-61

通过对位于东北亚沙尘暴天气下游的大连近7年的沙尘天气统计分析,以及应用天气学方法进行预报模型分析,揭示出大连地区沙尘的主要特征和预报着眼点.大连沙尘天气主要出现在春季,变化趋势同全国基本一致;沙尘天气的源地有4个,有三条影响路径.沙尘影响时,平均相对湿度都较低,以西北风为主.西北路径是影响大连地区产生沙尘天气最多的路径.在北路系统影响下,有三种天气类型;西路系统和西北路系统也分别有三种和四种天气类型.大连的沙尘天气预报着眼点首先要关注其上游的起沙情况,然后结合三路影响系统的预报模型进行分析;三路影响系统有不同的起沙关注区和不同的天气系统位置和移动方向.  相似文献   

齐家-古龙地区页岩油参数井泉头组—青山口组沉积微相特征     

甄甄  杨建国  李士超  姚玉来  肖飞 《地质与资源》2022,31(3):359-366

沉积微相发育特征对页岩油赋存及开发潜力具有重要的影响.以松辽盆地北部齐家-古龙地区松页油1井和松页油2井泉头组四段上部-青山口组二三段下部岩心为研究对象,通过大比例尺岩心观察和精细描述,以岩心岩性、层理构造、化石、含有物、电性特征为依据,开展沉积微相研究.研究认为,松页油1井和松页油2井岩心中,主要发育湖泊相沉积,分为浅湖和半深湖-深湖2种沉积亚相,可进一步识别出浅湖滩坝砂、介壳滩、泥质浅湖、半深湖-深湖泥和油页岩5种沉积微相.青一段下部主要发育半深湖-深湖亚相,浅湖亚相主要分布在青一段上部、青二三段下部和泉四段上部层位.泥质浅湖微相、半深湖-深湖泥微相以及油页岩微相均是有利于页岩油形成的沉积微相类型.  相似文献   

VERIFICATION OF TYPHOON FORECASTS BY THE GRAPES MODEL     

宋煜  叶成志  黄振  濮文耀 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):77-81

Four landfalling typhoon cases in 2005 were selected for a numerical simulation study with the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model. The preliminary assessment results of the performance of the model, including the predictions of typhoon track, landfall time, location and intensity, etc., are presented and the sources of errors are analyzed. The 24-hour distance forecast error of the typhoon center by the model is shown to be about 131 km, while the 48-hour error is 252 km. The model was relatively more skilful at forecasts of landfall time and locations than those of intensity at landfall. On average, the 24-hour forecasts were slightly better than the 48-hour ones. An analysis of data impacts indicates that the assimilation of unconventional observation data is essential for the improvement of the model simulation. The model could also be improved by increasing model resolution to simulate the mesoscale and fine scale systems and by improving methods of terrain refinement processing.  相似文献   

1965-2007年沙澧河流域潜在蒸散量变化趋势   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈佩英  宋玉民  江清霞  甄军英  王辉  杨赟 《气象与环境科学》2010,33(3):52-58

利用1965-2007年沙澧河流域12个气象站的逐月气候资料,采用FAO推荐的彭曼-孟蒂斯公式计算潜在蒸散量,分析了沙澧河流域43 a潜在蒸散量的变化趋势,并在ArcGIS环境下通过Spline插值法分析了该流域潜在蒸散量空间分布特征,此外还对造成潜在蒸散量变化的主要气候影响因子进行了探讨。结果表明:从空间分布来看,潜在蒸散量年和四季从西北到东南基本呈下降趋势。从时间变化来看,年潜在蒸散量略呈下降趋势,但变化不明显;冬、春季呈增加趋势,年际变化率分别为0.189 mm.a-1和0.540 mm.a-1,夏、秋季呈减小趋势,其中夏季减少尤其明显,年际变化率为-1.354 mm.a-1。日照是影响年和夏、秋季潜在蒸散量变化的主导因素,而气温是影响冬、春季潜在蒸散量变化的主导因素。  相似文献   

1957—2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李海东  沈渭寿  赵卫  孙明  孙俊 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(4):1-7

通过对近51 a雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区4个气象站逐日降水资料进行等权平均取值,采用气候倾向率和小波分析法,研究了不同时间尺度下近51 a降水变化趋势及周期特征。结果表明:研究区降水量以20世纪80年代为最少,2000年后年降水量与20世纪90年代和60年代基本持平。夏季和秋季降水量年代际变化与年降水量的变化基本一致。近51 a降水量增加趋势不显著。年降水量存在准3 a、8—11 a和30 a的周期,以准11 a周期最为突出。降水量变化以春季增长趋势最显著,可在干旱季补充土壤水分,减轻风沙化土地的发生发展。秋季和冬季增长趋势不明显,夏季降水量呈减小趋势。就季节降水变化的时间尺度和周期性而言,2007年后四季降水表现为,春季在20—30 a时间尺度上将处于偏高期,夏季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,秋季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,冬季在20—30 a时间尺度上将出现向降水偏高的过渡期。  相似文献   

催化对降水区域外效应的中尺度数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Zhen  LEI Heng-Chi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(1):19-24

The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) has been used to investigate the extra-area effects of silver iodide (AgI) seeding on stratiform clouds performed at the supercooled layer.A bulk two-moment microphysical scheme and the new software package for silver iodide are incorporated in MM5.Extra conservation equations are applied to trace the seeding agent,which is transported along the flow field and interacts with the supercooled cloud fields.In this study,the model was run using three nested grids,with 3.3 km × 3.3 km horizontal resolution in the finest grid.The model results showed that seeding with AgI at the 5 to 15℃ levels had microphysical effects on the simulated clouds and that the simulation produced a longer-lasting seeding effect because of the transport of the seeding agent by upper-level winds.Most of the AgI particles acted as deposition nuclei,and the deposition nucleation process contributed mostly to additional cloud ice formation in this study.The results showed that more precipitation results from seeded than unseeded case,and the precipitation was redistributed downwind of the target.Augmented precipitation (varying from 5% to 25% downwind) was confined in space to within 250 km of the seeding target and in time to the 3-h period after initial seeding.  相似文献   

近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性分析研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩文韬  卫捷  沈新勇 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(1):97-106

根据1962~2010年中国160站的月平均气温资料、Ni?o3.4区海洋Ni?o指数(ONI)资料以及相应的NECP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、滑动相关分析、滑动t检验、合成分析等方法,探讨了最近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性问题。结果表明:中国冬季气温异常对ENSO的响应有着显著的地域性差异以及年代际变化,其中东北和西南地区的相关关系不稳定度比较大,而在中国东部地区则比较稳定。东北与西南地区在20世纪70年代中后期以后,冬季气温对ENSO的响应迅速减弱,甚至发生了反向变化,而东部地区这种关系近50年并没有较强的突变。相应的亚洲高空大气环流对ENSO的响应也具有明显的空间差异和阶段性变化,其特征与中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应特征基本对应。从大气环流角度解释中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应发生阶段性减弱的可能机制:ENSO通过经向Hadley环流影响中高纬度大气环流,由于70年代中后期以后亚洲经向Hadley环流的下沉支发生显著减弱,使得东亚大气环流对ENSO的响应减弱,进而导致中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应减弱。  相似文献   

江淮梅雨的时空变化特征   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

毛文书  王谦谦  马慧  沈桂凤 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(1):116-122

利用江淮地区37站1954--2001年48a梅雨特征量资料,采用谐波分析、EOF和最大熵谱分析等方法讨论了江淮梅雨的时空变化特征。结果表明：江淮梅雨时空分布不均,梅雨特征量存在显著的年际一年代际变化特征,梅雨特征量年代际变化之间存在明显的负相关或正相关关系;梅雨特征量存在显著不同的多时间尺度振荡周期和长期演变趋势且江淮地区雨季也呈不同的年际和年代际变化特征。  相似文献