三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)低盐耐受性和体重的遗传参数估计及其相关分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢少坤  李荣华  母昌考  宋微微  郑维兵  王春琳 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1040-1045

为评估三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体重及其低盐耐受性遗传力,本实验构建了20个三疣梭子蟹全同胞家系,分别在其60、90养殖日龄测量其各个家系的体重,并在60日龄时取每个家系90个个体,在盐度4胁迫下分别在12h、24h、48h、72h统计其死亡率,作为衡量其盐度耐受性指标。利用全同胞方差组分分析法评估其低盐耐受性及体重遗传参数。结果发现三疣梭子蟹在60日龄下,其体重遗传力为0.45,其在12h、24h、48h、72h处理条件低盐耐受性遗传力分别为0.13、0.18、0.21、0.29。通过聚类分析的方法将其耐受性状分为3类,并通过相关性分析发现三疣梭子蟹生长性状与低盐耐受性性状的相关系数为0.143,检验并不显著(P=0.547),说明三疣梭子蟹生长性状与耐低盐性状并不相关,在选育时可采用复合选育,提高育种效率。  相似文献   

未来黄、东海营养盐浓度变化情景预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵一丁  杨波  魏皓  赵亮 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):983-994

本文基于FGOALS(Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model)对未来气候情景的预测结果,结合千年生态评估的未来两个情景下的河流营养盐载荷特征,利用黄、东海水动力模型和生态模型并采用降尺度的方法对未来黄、东海营养盐的分布特征进行情景预测。结果表明,两个情景下未来河口邻近海区营养盐浓度将显著增加,富营养化加剧;GO(Global Orchestration)情景下,河流无机氮载荷增幅较大,夏季黄海中部无机氮浓度明显升高;AM(Adapting mosaic)情景下,由于河流无机磷载荷增幅较大,海区氮磷比有所下降,夏季黄海中部表层无机氮浓度降低,而在底层升高。通过敏感性实验并结合收支分析对各海区水动力条件未来变化、河流载荷变化的相对贡献进行了评估:相对于水温和水动力环境改变,河流营养盐排放量的增长是未来营养盐浓度增加的主要原因。营养盐收支分析表明,未来对流和混合输运的变化有助于黄海营养盐浓度的增加,夏季生物量升高造成更多碎屑沉降并在底层矿化使得层化季节冷水团底部营养盐浓度增长;长江口邻近海区营养盐浓度增长主要受冲淡水羽流的影响;净初级生产增加加剧了营养盐的消耗。  相似文献   

印度洋中西部大眼金枪鱼年龄与鱼体脂肪含量的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋利明  赵海龙  李冬静 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):741-747

本文根据2012年10月—2013年3月在印度洋中西部海域金枪鱼延绳钓渔业调查所获得的样本,利用其脊椎骨鉴定了334尾大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)的年龄,并利用鱼类脂肪含量仪测定了其肌肉的脂肪含量,进而对年龄与脂肪含量的关系进行了研究。结果表明样本金枪鱼的特征如下:(1)年龄组成为1—9龄,其中4—6龄比例最大,约占样本总数的66.4%;(2)脂肪含量范围为3.1%—29.8%,平均为13.4%,优势范围在7.0%—17.0%之间,其中13.0%—17.0%的比例最高达51.4%;(3)通过比较不同年龄组的脂肪含量发现,鱼体脂肪含量1—3龄随年龄增加而下降。4—5龄脂肪含量较高,6龄急剧下降到最低,7—9龄又呈升高的趋势;(4)雌性和雄性大眼金枪鱼的新陈代谢变化无明显差异,雌性比雄性的性成熟年龄要早1年左右,雌性3—4龄时性成熟,而雄性为4—5龄时性成熟;(5)脂肪含量的变化可能与大眼金枪鱼生长、繁殖、衰老等过程中的新陈代谢变化相吻合。  相似文献   

大菱鲆蛋白酶体亚基LMP7基因的克隆及表达分析     

张博  王贤丽  宋文平  郑德斌  马超  肖广侠  贾磊 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):110-118

  相似文献   

便携式高频地波雷达台湾海峡浪高观测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZHOU Hao  ROARTY Hugh  WEN Biyang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):73-78

As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar(HFSWR) has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-order continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region(RSCB) and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak(RSHB). Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing radar, type S(OSMAR-S), which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.  相似文献   

在Zebiak-Cane模式中观测MJO强迫对ENSO可预报性的影响, 第1部分:对最大预报误差的影响     

PENG Yuehu  SONG Junqiang  XIANG Jie  SUN Chengzhi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(5):39-45

With the observational wind data and the Zebiak-Cane model, the impact of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) as external forcing on El Ni(n)o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability is studied. The obs...  相似文献   

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)     

GUO Hao  LIU Yongjian  ZHANG Qi  YUAN Xiutang  ZHANG Weiwei  ZHANG Zhifeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):132-136

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.  相似文献   

2009年冬、夏季南海北部超微型浮游生物的分布特征及其环境相关分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

乐凤凤  蔡昱明  孙军  郝锵  刘诚刚  翟红昌  陈建芳 《海洋学报》2015,37(12):41-55

2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。  相似文献   

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋国栋  刘素美 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):84-91

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.  相似文献   

江苏近岸紫菜养殖筏架区定生绿藻群落结构及其受控因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李艳  肖洁  丁兰平  王宗灵  宋伟  方松  范士亮  李瑞香  张学雷 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(8):93-99

基于2010年10月至2011年4月对苏北紫菜养殖筏架区定生绿藻及环境因素调查数据,分析研究了紫菜筏架上定生绿藻种群结构和数量变化及重要环境因子对其的影响并估算了调查区绿藻总生物量.结果表明,筏架上定生绿藻种类有浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盒管藻(Capsosiphon groenlandicus)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、条浒苔(Ulva clathrata)和扁浒苔(Ulva compressa).绿藻生物量变化呈倒抛物线型,4月份为主高峰14898吨,11月份为次高峰2034吨,2月份最低,仅为729吨,3-4月份绿藻几乎呈暴发性增长.种类多样性随季节变化有很大差异,养殖筏架刚入海的9、10月份,绿藻种类丰富,生物多样性高;12月至笠年2月,尽管生物量很低,但仍是多种并存;3-4月份随着生物量的猛增,种类多样性降至最低,盒管藻优势地位明显,生物量比例最大能到80%,浒苔比例呈指数增长,达20%～40%.水温对绿藻生物量及种类演替有直接调控作用,在水温< 10℃时,绿藻即能快速生长;而盐度作用不明显.开展紫菜筏架上定生绿藻群落动态变化及其生物量的估算,为追溯南黄海大规模绿潮发源地提供佐证,为绿潮预防和治理提供基础数据支撑.  相似文献