长江中游城市群铁路可达性及经济联系空间格局演变     

张棋  詹庆明  杨宇 《地理信息世界》2021,28(5):84-90

采用可达性水平评价、经济联系分析、块模型等方法,研究了2009、2018年长江中游城市群的铁路可达性和经济联系空间格局,结果显示:从2009到2018年,长江中游城市群的铁路可达性改善明显,城市通达度提升,中心城市日常可达性范围扩大,尤其是1 h经济圈扩张明显,各城市的加权平均旅行时间显著降低,呈现"核心-边缘"格局,但差异增大;长江中游城市群形成以武汉、长沙、南昌为核心的放射状经济联系空间格局,且武汉、长沙的中心作用较南昌更明显,主要高铁沿线形成较高水平的经济联系带,剩余绝大多数城市间经济联系水平较低;长江中游城市群可划分为4个凝聚子群,其中环长株潭子群、武汉城市圈子群内部经济联系较强,4个子群内部联系显著高于相互联系,区域网络化格局尚未形成.  相似文献   

全球原油贸易网络视角下的亚洲溢价与中日印韩原油潜在竞争关系     

孙健  吴康  杨宇 《世界地理研究》2022,31(6):1240-1250

随着全球原油贸易关系的复杂化和亚洲原油需求的上升,全球能源市场的“亚洲溢价”现象成为需要关注的议题。本文基于全球石油贸易网络复杂性视角,选取1993—2018年国际原油贸易数据进行样本数据考察,通过构建复杂网络模型和潜在竞争指数,对全球原油贸易网络中的亚洲溢价现象和中日印韩四国潜在竞争力进行分析。结果表明：全球原油贸易集团分化交融,中日印韩呈现出贸易集团化的趋势。从全球原油贸易网络指标来看,中日印韩四国在全球原油贸易网络地位和影响力不断提升,有力推动了全球原油消费中心向亚太地区转移。潜在竞争指数表明,中国与日本、印度、韩国的潜在原油竞争关系呈现出不同特征,中日表现出“先强后弱”的特点,而中印、中韩表现为整体持续增强的特征。  相似文献   

COMPARISON OF PERSIANN AND TMPA DAILY PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER HUNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA     

谭德权  张天宇  杨宇  尤亚磊  严光荣  杨志军 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2018,24(1):60-70

This study presented a detailed comparison of daily precipitation estimates from Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi -satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) over Hunan province of China from 1998 to 2014. The ground gauge observations are taken as the reference. It is found that overall TMPA clearly outperforms PERSIANN, indicating by better statistical metrics (including correlation coefficient, root mean square error and relative bias). For the geospatial pattern, although both products are able to capture the major precipitation features (e.g., precipitation geospatial homogeneity) in Hunan, yet PERSIANN largely underestimates the precipitation intensity throughout all seasons. In contrast, there is no clear bias tendency from TMPA estimates. Precipitation intensity analysis showed that both the occurrence and amount histograms from TMPA are closer to the gauge observations from spring to autumn. However, in the winter season PERSIANN is closer to gauge observation, which is likely due to the ground contamination from the passive microwave sensors used by TMPA.  相似文献   

京津冀地区陆路交通网络发展过程及可达性演变特征（英文）     

陈娱  金凤君  陆玉麒  陈卓  杨宇 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(10)

From the development of modern transportation to the current era of high-speed transportation networks, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region has always played a national leading role in land transportation development of China. In order to explore the long-term evolutionary characteristics of land transportation in the BTH region, this paper utilized a temporal scale of 100 years to systematically interpret the development process of the land transportation network. Taking 13 cities within the BTH region as research anchor cities, we took into account "leaping" mode of transportation in order to investigate the evolution of accessibility. Our research shows the following results:(1) The land transportation network in the BTH region has undergone five stages of development: the initial period of modernization(1881–1937); the period of stagnation of transportation development(1937–1949); the network expansion period(1949–1980); the period of trunk construction(1980–1995), and the period of high-speed transportation network development(1995–present). The network structure centered around Beijing has existed from the outset of modern transportation development.(2) The accessibility spatial pattern of land transportation in BTH region has evolved from expansion along traffic corridors to the formation of concentric circles. The stratified circular structure of transportation in anchor cities has gradually developed into a contiguous development pattern.(3) There are clear hierarchical differences in the transportation structures of anchor cities. Beijing has always been at the top of this hierarchy, while the hierarchical position of Zhangjiakou has fallen noticeably since 1949. The Beijing-Tianjin region was the first region to form a short-duration transportation circle structure, while the transportation advantages of the central part of Hebei Province, which is located in the center of the BTH transportation region, have yet to be realized.  相似文献   

中国工业基地的甄别与演化模式研究（英文）     

金凤君  陈琳琳  杨宇  洪辉 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(12)

The rapid progress of China's industrialization has been manifested in space as the formation and evolution of a series of industrial bases. Employing data from the years 1985, 2001 and 2010, this paper carries out differentiation, screening, and categorization of industrial bases in China. It then analyses the evolutional characteristics of these industrial bases and explores different paths of growth according to their scale or types, and summarizes the general pattern for their formation and evolution. The results of this study indicate that China's industrial bases as a whole have gone through three spatial stages since the founding of the PRC in 1949: decentralized development before reform and opening up in 1978, gradual concentration in eastern coastal regions during the early period of reform and opening up, and balanced and diversified development since the beginning of the 21 st century. By 2010, China had a total of 251 industrial bases and had thereby established the overall spatial map of its industrialization. As industrial bases expand in scale, their industrial structures develop from homogenization to diversification, and then again from diversification to competitive optimization. Leading industries in the vast majority of industrial bases constantly evolve along the track of light industries, basic materials industries, and advanced manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, the key factors in their evolution and development transition from traditional factors of production like resources and labor to new ones like capital and information, but there are significant differences in terms of influencing factors and growth paths between large, medium, and small bases. Small industrial bases primarily rely on natural resources to maintain development through a single leading industry, medium industrial bases gradually become more comprehensive in their industrial compositions, and large industrial bases evolve in the direction of a combination of basic materials industries and equipment manufacturing industries.  相似文献   

中印城镇化区域差异及城镇体系空间演化比较   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李佳洺  杨宇  樊杰  金凤君  张文忠  刘盛和  傅伯杰 《地理学报》2017,72(6):986-1000

中国和印度作为两个正在崛起的大国,发展历程较为相似,但发展路径和模式差异较大。两个国家政治制度、经济体系、发展环境等的显著差异已经吸引了学者的广泛关注,本文将从地理学视角出发,重点关注两国城镇化及城镇体系的区域差异和空间演化过程。以人口普查和联合国城市人口数据为基础,采用空间分析、参数估计、非参数估计等多种方法,对中印两国城镇化和城镇体系的空间特征进行系统的比较分析,结果表明：① 20世纪90年代以来,中国城镇化的区域差异由南北差异转变为沿海—内部差异,而印度南北差异的格局则基本稳定;② 从省（邦）级空间尺度来看,中国和印度的人口密度和城镇化率都呈现正相关关系,当城镇化率超过50%后,两者的相关性更为显著,但是近年来中国人口密度与城镇化率的相关性不断增强,而印度则呈现降低的趋势;③ 现阶段中印两国以大中城市为主的城镇体系符合位序—规模分布的特征,但是经济改革对于两个国家城镇体系空间演化的影响差异明显,改革使得中国城镇发展的主要驱动力由地理历史因素向经济系统空间结构转变,而印度城镇发展的驱动力始终是地理历史因素,经济改革甚至降低了经济系统空间结构对城镇发展的影响。  相似文献   

日本刺沙蚕的性信息素研究     

朱明远  杨宇  吴宝铃 《海洋科学进展》1995,(1)

日本刺沙蚕（Ｎｅｒｅｉｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）广泛分布于中国沿海，是鱼、虾的优良饵料，冬末春初繁殖时离开河口向盐度较高的海区移动。与多齿围沙蚕，褐片阔沙蚕等其它沙蚕不同，日本刺沙蚕在繁殖过程中不出现完全变态，但是与其它沙蚕一样，其繁殖过程也受一组性信息素控制。从雌性成熟的日本刺沙蚕体腔液中提取并鉴定出一种有生物活性的挥发性物质──辛二烯－［３，５］－酮－［２］，这种化合物可以增加群浮个体在配子释放之前婚舞时的游动速度．但不诱导配子释放。在许多沙蚕中有着性信息素作用的５－甲基－３－庚酮，在日本刺沙蚕体腔液中没有发现，也没有性信息素作用。  相似文献   

天山北坡城镇化进程中的水土资源效益及其时空分异   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨宇  刘毅  金凤君  董雯  李莉 《地理研究》2012,31(7):1185-1198

通过空间分析的Global Moran''s I指数和Getis-Ord G_i^*指数以及协调发展度函数选取1995年、2000年、2005年和2008年4个年份数据对天山北坡城镇化进程中的土地资源效益、水资源效益的集聚扩散状态及其冷热点空间格局演化与空间联动发展效应进行分析,研究发现:(1)天山北坡在绿洲自然地理格局下发育起来的城镇,受自然地理条件和水土资源分布特点及城镇发展水平不一、城镇性质各异而对水土资源利用程度不一等因素影响,其城镇化水平和水土资源效益的空间格局表现出不同的发展状态。(2)土地资源效益相似的县市具有明显的空间差异,呈现出分散的格局并保持相对稳定的态势。(3)水资源效益的空间集聚和扩散状态不稳定,变化显著。(4)水土资源效益在城镇化进程中各自的空间演化格局与路径迥异,区域联动效应差异显著。绿洲城镇发展的实际决定了水土资源效益的冷热点区域演化相比自身发展水平更具敏感性。  相似文献   

子洲气田山2气藏气井产水成因研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨宇  周文  杨勇  李东  侯伟 《新疆地质》2010,28(2)

在岩性气藏开发过程中,气井产水存在多种类型,气水分布在纵向和横向上都相对复杂.以子洲气田山 2 气藏为例,根据试气、测井和生产动态资料,将气井产水划分为纯水层、致密水层和气层产水 3 种类型,每种类型都受成藏环境、构造条件、储层岩性与物性等方面控制.除正常边底水类型的纯水层外,在岩性气藏部分井区中,由于储层条件变差,气体驱替能量不足,造成孔隙中水未受到天然气的大规模排驱而残留了大量地层水;形成致密水层和气层产微量地层水.  相似文献   

模拟退火算法在水驱气藏物质平衡计算中的应用     

杨宇  杨君 《矿物岩石》2002,22(4):90-92

在利用物质平衡方程计算水驱气藏地质储量时 ,传统的试凑法虽然有一定科学合理性 ,但由于存在很多不确定参数 ,在精确计算中因工作量大 ,很难推广。为此 ,在分析水驱气藏物质平衡方程的基础上 ,建立最优化模型 ,并引入全局寻优性较好的模拟退火方法进行求解。经实际计算表明 ,方法具有全局收敛性 ,计算结果有较高可信度。  相似文献