Vertical variations and transport mechanism of soil moisture in response to vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China     

Dexun Qiu  Peng Gao  Xingmin Mu  Baili Zhao 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14397

Soil moisture is essential for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions. Ascertaining the vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture under different vegetation types has a profound effect on the ecological construction. In this study, the soil moisture at a depth of 500 cm for four typical vegetation types, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Caragana korshinskii, Stipa bungeana, and corn, were investigated and compared in the Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess plateau. Additionally, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes were detected to identify the transport mechanism of soil moisture. The results showed vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture were different under different vegetation types. Depth-averaged soil moisture under S. bungeana and corn generally increased along the profile, while C. korshinskii and R. pseudoacacia showed weakly increasing and relatively stable after an obvious decreasing trend (0–40 cm). The soil moisture under R. pseudoacacia was lower than that under other vegetation types, especially in deep layer. However, the effect of R. pseudoacacia on soil moisture in the topsoil (< 30 cm) could be positive. For R. pseudoacacia (160–500 cm), C. korshinskii (0–500 cm), and S. bungeana (0–100 cm), the soil moisture declined with increased in vegetation age. Planting arbor species such as R. pseudoacacia intensified the decline of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau. The capacity of evaporation fractionation of soil moisture followed the sequence: corn > S. bungeana > R. pseudoacacia > C. korshinskii. The δ¹⁸O values in soil water fluctuated across the profile. The δ¹⁸O values changed sharply in upper layer and generally remained stable in deep layer. However, in middle layer, the vertical distribution characteristics of the δ¹⁸O values were different under different vegetation types. We estimated that piston flow was the main mode of precipitation infiltration, and the occurrence of preferential flow was related to vegetation types. These results were helpful to improve the understanding of the response of deep soil moisture to vegetation restoration and inform practices for sustainable water management.  相似文献   

非平稳标准化降水蒸散指数构建及中国未来干旱时空格局   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

温庆志  孙鹏  张强  姚蕊 《地理学报》2020,75(7):1465-1482

旱灾是一种致灾因子与成害机理均非常复杂的自然灾害,也是目前对其检测与风险防御最为困难的自然灾害种类之一。随着全球气候变化,干旱的变化逐渐趋于非平稳化,水文气象序列的非平稳性已有广泛研究,但在干旱检测指标中却鲜有考虑。基于标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）和非平稳性理论,构建非平稳性标准化降水蒸散指数（NSPEI）并进行适用性评价,利用NSPEI评估未来不同排放情景下中国气象干旱时空格局演变规律。结果表明：① 非平稳性站点集中在东北平原、黄淮海平原、长三角地区、青藏高原及周边区域,NSPEI拟合最优的站点占中国气象站点的88%（2177个站点）。② SPEI对温度较为敏感,在评估未来干旱变化时会高估干旱强度和持续时间性,而NSPEI能够克服这一弱点,较SPEI可更好的检测中国气象干旱,且能很好的刻画中国未来干旱变化。③ 低、高排放情景下中国北方干旱加剧,南方呈湿润化趋势;中排放情景下中国北方湿润化趋势明显,而中国南方则呈干旱化。基于NSPEI干旱检测结果,中高排放情景下中国未来极端干湿历时与发生频率均呈增加趋势。  相似文献   

辽宁省海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及对策建议          下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  张连杰  闫吉顺  于永海  张盼 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(7):49-52

随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。  相似文献   

长江口横沙东滩典型海堤越浪量现场和试验研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

孙鹏  陈海英  周益人  田鹏 《海洋工程》2019,37(4):27-34

越浪量是允许越浪海堤设计的重要参数。在对以往相关研究成果进行回顾和分析基础上,结合长江口横沙东滩促淤圈围五期工程现场波浪和越浪量实测资料,通过对横沙东滩典型断面型式进行整体和断面物理模型试验,研究结构各参数对越浪量的影响,进而提出适合长江口海堤的越浪量计算公式。公式计算结果与试验数据吻合良好,与Van der Meer公式相比具有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

Monte-Carlo模拟与经验路径模型预测台风极值风速的对比   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

郭云霞  侯一筠  齐鹏 《海洋学报》2020,42(7):64-77

台风是我国东南沿海区域每年发生的严重自然灾害之一。本文分别采用传统的Monte-Carlo模拟方法以及较为先进的经验路径模拟方法预测中国东南沿海区域台风的极值风速(10 m高度处10 min平均值)，并对两种方法的预测结果进行了对比。本文将东南海岸线向内陆扩展约200 km的区域划分为0.25°×0.25°的网格，以每个网格点作为研究点。首先采用Monte-Carlo模拟方法产生每个研究点1 000年间的虚拟台风事件。然后采用经验路径模型方法构建了西北太平洋1 000年的热带气旋事件集，采用模拟圆方法从中提取对各个研究站点有影响的台风事件。接着采用Yan Meng风场模型计算每个研究点台风的最大风速，构成极值风速序列。最后采用极值分布模型预测每个研究点不同重现期的极值风速，并对两种不同方法预测的结果进行了对比。研究发现在研究区域的内陆侧经验路径方法预测的风速略高于Monte-Carlo模拟方法预测的结果，而在海岸沿线一带经验路径方法预测的结果略低，这主要是由两种方法构造的虚拟台风的中心压强存在差异以及模型本身的不确定性造成的。本文的研究结果可以为防灾减灾系统提供有益的参考。  相似文献   

鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因克隆及其表达研究     

李晓洁  唐建洲  宋鹏  伍琴  瞿符发  刘臻  鲁双庆 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):134-141

本研究以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为研究对象,采用巢式PCR和RACE技术克隆鲫鱼半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因c DNA序列,并且利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了CSAD m RNA在鲫鱼不同组织和昼夜节律中的相对表达水平,同时还研究了牛磺酸对鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA表达的影响。结果表明:(1)鲫鱼CSAD基因c DNA序列包含186bp的5?UTR序列,675bp的3?UTR序列,1503bp开放阅读框,编码500个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,鲫鱼和鲤鱼的同源性为97.2%。系统发育分析表明,鲫鱼与鲤鱼之间的亲缘关系最接近,置信度为100。经预测,其编码的蛋白质的分子量和等电点分别为56.82k Da和5.77;(2)Ca CSAD m RNA在肌肉、心脏、肠道及肝脏中的表达水平较高,在脑和鳃组织中的相对表达量较低;(3)鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA的相对表达量在6:00am点时最高,9:00pm点时相对表达量最低;(4)鲫鱼CSAD的相对表达丰度随着牛磺酸添加量的增加而逐渐下降。本研究结果不仅有助于理解鲫鱼CSAD基因的分子特征,同时将为进一步研究鱼类CSAD营养调控功能提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Bubble Dynamics near Two-Connected Walls with An Obtuse Angle     

Li  Shi-min  Cui  Pu  Zhang  Shuai  Liu  Wen-tao  Peng  Yu-xiang 《中国海洋工程》2020,34(6):828-839

China Ocean Engineering - This study is concerned with the dynamic characteristics of bubbles near two connected walls (one horizontal and the other inclined with an obtuse angle from the...  相似文献   

饲料中添加芽孢杆菌组分对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、能量代谢和抗WSSV能力的影响     

单洪伟  于鹏  刘宽  于明超  马甡 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):30-38

以凡纳滨对虾(Litopnnaus vannamei)幼虾为实验动物,在其基础饲料中分别添加芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)胞外蛋白粗提物(1.0%,胞外蛋白组)、胞内多糖粗提物(1.0%,胞内多糖组),以基础饲料为对照组饲料,进行为期28d的养殖实验,探讨芽孢杆菌胞外蛋白和胞内多糖粗提物对幼虾生长、能量代谢及抗病能力的影响。研究表明,芽孢杆菌2种粗提物对凡纳滨对虾的生长和成活率影响不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂2种粗提物影响了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和肌肉中能量代谢相关酶活力。胞外蛋白组肝胰腺中磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力在养殖实验前期显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肌肉中PFK、LDH活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);胞内多糖组肝胰腺中己糖激酶(HK)活力及肌肉中PFK、LDH活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。饲喂2种粗提物均显著提高了凡纳滨对虾肌肉中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力和肝胰腺中电子传递系统(ETS)活力(P<0.05),胞外蛋白粗提物对肝胰腺中的SDH活力也有显著的提高作用(P<0.05)。饲喂2种粗提物显著降低了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺及肌肉组织中脂肪酸合酶(FAS)含量(P<0.05)。此外,饲喂2种粗提物均会显著提高凡纳滨对虾肠道蛋白酶活力(P<0.05),而胞外蛋白粗提物使凡纳滨对虾肠道脂肪酶活力显著降低(P<0.05)。白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染后,与对照组相比,胞外蛋白组和胞内多糖组凡纳滨对虾半致死时间分别延长了26.19%和7.14%。根据以上结果推测,芽苞杆菌2种粗提物能够影响凡纳滨对虾能量代谢水平并提高其抗WSSV能力,且二者之间密切相关。  相似文献   

北斗卫星类型间偏差快速改正分析     

贾春  崔鹏  李慧  赵琳  李亮 《测绘通报》2020,(12):42-45

针对北斗卫星类型间偏差（ISTB）导致载波相位差分高精度定位（RTK）的整周模糊度无法固定问题，本文提出了改进ISTB快速改正方法，在观测量层面仅利用1组不同卫星类型的载波相位差分观测量即可实现ISTB估计与改正，实际应用中较传统方法更具普适性与简易性。该方法的测试结果表明，ISTB值由NH码调制不同引起，不同频点的ISTB值具有不一致性；此外，有无改正ISTB的北斗RTK性能对比反映了ISTB会严重降低整周模糊度固定与RTK定位性能。由此可知，本文方法能够保障现阶段北斗接收机更新换代过程中北斗RTK的高精度与高可靠性能。  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献