臭氧处理海水对小球藻蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王成刚  唐学玺  郑波  汤晓华 《海洋科学》2001,25(2):15-17

要用臭氧处理的海洋小球藻，分析了不同生长期小球藻的蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物的含量。结果表明，一定剂量的臭氧处理海水不可提高小球藻的蛋白质含量，降低碳水化合物的含量，提高氨基酸的绝对含量，鱼类必需氨基酸占所氨基酸总量例变化不大。说明该处理有利于小球藻营养价值的提高。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害     

王军  肖慧  冯蕾  蔡恒江  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(5):763-766

研究海洋生态系统在调节全球变化中的作用,采用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤及其差异性。结果表明,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornu-tum)的光合速率降低。同时,膜相对透性增大,细胞内H2O2含量上升,微粒体膜中磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸增加。表明UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的膜受到了严重伤害,而且膜伤害的加剧与活性氧的积累和由此引发的膜脂脱酯化有关。2种微藻细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,而微粒体膜的MDA含量随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大显著提高。这表明UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤可能是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用共同引起的。  相似文献   

鼠尾藻和小珊瑚藻对赤潮异弯藻克生效应的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曲良  肖慧  王仁君  董栋  冯朝  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(4):621-626

通过共培养的方法,比较了鼠尾藻(Surgassum thunbergii)和小珊瑚藻(Corallina pilulifera)新鲜组织、干粉末、水溶性抽提液、培养水的过滤液对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigam akashiwo)生长的克生效应。结果表明,鼠尾藻和小珊瑚藻的新鲜组织对赤潮异弯藻的生长都具有显著的抑制作用;与鼠尾藻相比,小珊瑚藻的抑制作用更强。2种大型海藻的干粉末在2个高浓度(1.2,2.4 g.L-1)时对赤潮异弯藻的生长都产生了抑制作用,小珊瑚藻的抑制作用更为明显。2种大型海藻高浓度的水溶性抽提液(24 g.L-1)在实验的48 h内使赤潮异弯藻完全致死。在2种大型海藻培养水过滤液对赤潮异弯藻的作用实验中,在一次性添加方式下,小珊瑚藻的培养水过滤液对赤潮异弯藻的生长没有表现出明显的抑制作用,而在半连续添加方式下,却显著抑制了赤潮异弯藻的生长。与小珊瑚藻相比,无论在一次性还是在半连续添加方式下,鼠尾藻的培养水过滤液对赤潮异弯藻的生长都没有显示出显著的抑制作用。  相似文献   

有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

唐学玺  李永祺 《海洋通报》1996,15(1):27-32

在有机磷农药－久效磷的胁迫下，叉鞭金藻细胞内产生了过氧化物酶抑制因子。研究表明，此类过氧化物酶抑制因子是一类对高温敏感，具较强的热稳定性物质。它可能是通过减弱由ＰＯＤ催化合成的反应初始产物的稳定性来体现其抑制效应。  相似文献   

褐藻酸降解菌的生长条件及其对海带的生理效应     

肖慧  唐学玺  王艳玲  杨震 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):261-264,220

为更好地了解海带病烂的发生机制，针对褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌（Altermonas espejiana）菌株A1的生长及产酶条件进行了初步研究，并用不同浓度的菌液对健康海带进行了感染试验，测定了其体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明，该菌株生长和产酶的最适条件为：20℃，0．5％～0．6％褐藻酸钠，pH=7，5，氮源为（NH4）2S04，培养时间72h。此外，感染菌株A1后，海带体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量均增加，且随着感染菌液浓度的升高，海带体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高，而可溶性糖含量先升高后降低。  相似文献   

Physiological responses of macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) to UV-B radiation exposure     

朱琳  肖慧  王影  菅潇扬  张智鹏  张焕新  唐学玺 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(2):389-399

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-Bradiation(UVBR) on Gracilaria lemaneiformis,a commercial red macroalga and an important source of agar. To study the in-vitro effect of UVBR on G. lemaneiformis,this plant was cultivated and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) at 40 μmol photons/(m2 ·s) and enhanced UVBR(0,0.36,0.72,1.08,1.44,and 1.80 k J/(m 2 ·d)) for 13 days. The samples were processed for histochemical analysis,and the growth rate,photosynthetic pigment contents,photosynthetic performance,reactive oxygen species levels,membrane permeability,malonyl dialdehyde contents and antioxidant capacity of G. lemaneiformis were investigated. After 13 days of exposure to PAR+UVBR,G. lemaneiformis showed photodamage and photoinhibition of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophylla and phycoerythrin),leading to a decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Further,there was a corresponding decrease in the relative growth rates and depigmentation and partial necrosis of the apical segments were noted after exposure to PAR+UVBR. Additionally,UVBR induced excess production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide,eliciting a marked cellular membrane damage and antioxidative response.  相似文献   

Effects of different light conditions on repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm     

鞠青  肖慧  王悠  唐学玺 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):664-678

We evaluated the effects of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation and different light conditions on the repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of C hondrus ocellatus Holm(Rhodophyta) in laboratory experiments. Carpospores were treated daily with different doses of UV-B radiation for 48 days,when vertical branches had formed in all treatments; after each daily treatment,the carpospores were subjected to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),darkness,red light,or blue light during a 2-h repair stage. Carpospore diameters were measured every 4 days. We measured the growth and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs),chlorophyll a,phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids(MAAs) in carpospores on Day 48. Low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) accelerated the growth of C. ocellatus. However,as the amount of UV-B radiation increased,the growth rate decreased and morphological changes occurred. UV-B radiation significant damaged DNA and photosynthetic pigments and induced three kind of MAAs,palythine,asterina-330,and shinorine. PAR conditions were best for repairing UV-B-induced damage. Darkness promoted the activity of the DNA darkrepair mechanism. Red light enhanced phycoerythrin synthesis but inhibited light repair of DNA. Although blue light,increased the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency,the growth and development of C. ocellatus carpospores were slower than in other light treatments.  相似文献   

The toxic effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle species Chthamalus challengeri     

齐磊磊  王影  沙婧婧  王悠  唐学玺 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(2):400-409

With the increased use of copper(Cu)-based antifouling(AF) paints,copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC5 0 ranged from 156.07 μg/L(nauplius II) to 817.15 μg/L(cypris) and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC) ranged from 81.75 μg/L(nauplius II) to 571.04 μg/L(cypris). The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations ≥135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius II moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however,when extended to 48 h,the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%,which was significant lower( P 0.05) than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations ≥45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L,ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that:(1) nauplius II could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L;(2) cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate;(3) nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage;(4) nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and isozyme features of two strains of Laminaria japonica （Phaeophyceae）     

王悠  唐学玺  李永祺  俞志明 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(1):67-72

Healthy sporophytes of two gametophyte mutants of Laminaria japonica with different heat resistances: kelp 901 (901, with comparatively stronger heat-resistance) and Rongcheng No.1 (RC, sensi- tive to heat stress), were respectively collected during October to December 2002 from Yantai and Rong- cheng Sea Farm in the Shandong Peninsula of China. The contents of some biochemical materials and antioxidant capacity were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions to identify if there is any rela- tion between the overall antioxidant capacity and the heat-resistance in L. japonica and to understand possible mechanism of heat-resistance. Results show that: (1) the overall antioxidant capacity in healthy sporophyte of 901, such as vitamin E, polyphenol, and ascorbic acid contents and the enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, Gpx, PPO, and PAL, were not always higher than that of RC under controlled labo- ratory conditions, and no significance (P>0.05) was shown in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in 901 and RC. Result suggested that the difference in antioxidant capacity was not a decisive factor for different heat-resistances in L. japonica; (2) the simultaneous assay on isozymes was carried out using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Considerable differences in peroxide (PRX), malate dehy- drogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were obtained in 901 and RC from either the band number, relative mobility (Rf), or staining intensity, and ME could be used as an indicator to distinguish healthy sporophyte of 901 and RC under controlled labo- ratory conditions.  相似文献   

苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落结构变化及与环境因子的相关性探究     

郝雅  管晨  侯承宗  唐学玺  王影 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(1):123-131

苏北浅滩是研究浒苔绿潮早期形成机制的重要区域,该区域紫菜养殖筏架上附生绿藻的群落结构变化对浒苔绿潮的发生具有重要影响,环境因素在其中发挥了重要作用.为了探明导致苏北浅滩绿藻群落结构变化的主要环境因素,本文通过分子生物学和种群生态学方法对筏架附生绿藻群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落主要由浒苔(...  相似文献