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71.
Disaster Management and Community Planning, and Public Participation: How to Achieve Sustainable Hazard Mitigation 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
Laurie Pearce 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):211-228
The paper offers first a brief historical overview of disaster management planning. Second, it reviews Australian and American research findings and show that they urge the field of disaster management to shift its focus from response and recovery to sustainable hazard mitigation. It is argued that in order for this shift to occur, it is necessary to integrate disaster management and community planning. Current practice seldom reflects such a synthesis, and this is one of the reasons why hazard awareness is absent from local decision-making processes. Third, it is asserted that if mitigative strategies are to be successfully implemented, then the disaster management process must incorporate public participation at the local decision-making level. The paper concludes with a case study of California's Portola Valley, which demonstrates that when public participation is integrated into disaster management planning and community planning, the result is sustainable hazard mitigation. 相似文献
72.
Jamie Pearce 《New Zealand geographer》2007,63(2):149-153
Abstract: The restricted influence of geographers in the policy arena has been the source of some angst. This paper reports on a new initiative at the University of Canterbury, which aims to strengthen geography's contribution to health policy debates in New Zealand. The GeoHealth Laboratory is a joint initiative between the Department of Geography and Public Health Intelligence group at the Ministry of Health that seeks to provide a pathway for the integration of health geography research into policy development. This new facility aligns the expertise in health geography, GIS and other spatial analytical methods with policy-relevant research priorities. An overview of the strategic aims of the GeoHealth Laboratory is provided along with some examples of recent research activities that are contributing to understandings of the health landscape in New Zealand. It is argued that such partnerships provide important opportunities for geographers to engage with policy-relevant issues. 相似文献
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P. A. Thomas Orrarujee Muanwong F. R. Pearce H. M. P. Couchman A. C. Edge A. Jenkins L. Onuora 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(2):450-462
We have extracted over 400 clusters, covering more than two decades in mass, from three simulations of the τ CDM cosmology. This represents the largest uniform catalogue of simulated clusters ever produced. The clusters exhibit a wide variety of density profiles. Only a minority are well-fitted in their outer regions by the widely used density profile of Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW), which is applicable to relaxed haloes. Others have steeper outer density profiles, show sharp breaks in their density profiles, or have significant substructure. If we force a fit to the NFW profile, then the best-fitting concentrations decline with increasing mass, but this is driven primarily by an increase in substructure as one moves to higher masses. The temperature–mass relations for properties measured within a sphere enclosing a fixed overdensity all follow the self-similar form, T ∝ M 2/3 ; however, the normalization is lower than the value inferred for observed clusters. The temperature–mass relations for properties measured within a fixed physical radius are significantly steeper then this. Both can be accurately predicted using the NFW model. 相似文献
77.
Tristan Hauser Entcho Demirov 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(7):1533-1551
The article presents an approach for creating a computationally efficient stochastic weather generator. In this work the method is tested by the stochastic simulation of sea level pressure over the sub-polar North Atlantic. The weather generator includes a hidden Markov model, which propagates regional circulation patterns identified by a self organising map analysis, conditioned on the state of large-scale interannual weather regimes. The remaining residual effects are propagated by a regression model with added noise components. The regression step is performed by one of two methods, a linear model or artificial neural networks and the performance of these two methods is assessed and compared. The resulting simulations express the range of the major regional patterns of atmospheric variability and typical time scales. The long term aims of this work are to provide ensembles of atmospheric data for applied regional studies and to develop tools applicable in down-scaling large-scale ocean and atmospheric simulations. 相似文献
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Jörg M. Colberg Frazer Pearce Caroline Foster Erwin Platen Riccardo Brunino Mark Neyrinck Spyros Basilakos Anthony Fairall Hume Feldman Stefan Gottlöber Oliver Hahn Fiona Hoyle Volker Müller Lorne Nelson Manolis Plionis Cristiano Porciani Sergei Shandarin Michael S. Vogeley Rien van de Weygaert 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(2):933-944
Despite a history that dates back at least a quarter of a century, studies of voids in the large-scale structure of the Universe are bedevilled by a major problem: there exist a large number of quite different void-finding algorithms, a fact that has so far got in the way of groups comparing their results without worrying about whether such a comparison in fact makes sense. Because of the recent increased interest in voids, both in very large galaxy surveys and in detailed simulations of cosmic structure formation, this situation is very unfortunate. We here present the first systematic comparison study of 13 different void finders constructed using particles, haloes, and semi-analytical model galaxies extracted from a subvolume of the Millennium simulation. This study includes many groups that have studied voids over the past decade. We show their results and discuss their differences and agreements. As it turns out, the basic results of the various methods agree very well with each other in that they all locate a major void near the centre of our volume. Voids have very underdense centres, reaching below 10 per cent of the mean cosmic density. In addition, those void finders that allow for void galaxies show that those galaxies follow similar trends. For example, the overdensity of void galaxies brighter than m B =−20 is found to be smaller than about −0.8 by all our void finding algorithms. 相似文献
80.
Delphine Yeghicheyan Dominique Aubert Martine Bouhnik‐Le Coz Jrme Chmeleff Sophie Delpoux Irina Djouraev Guy Granier Franois Lacan Jean‐Luc Piro Tristan Rousseau Christophe Cloquet Aurlie Marquet Christophe Menniti Catherine Pradoux Rmi Freydier Emmanoel Vieira da Silva‐Filho Krzysztof Suchorski 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(3):475-496
The natural river water reference material SLRS‐6 (NRC‐CNRC) is the newest batch of a quality control material routinely used in many international environmental laboratories. This work presents a nine‐laboratory compilation of measurements of major and trace element concentrations and their related uncertainties, unavailable in the NRC‐CNRC certificate (B, Cs, Li, Ga, Ge, Hf, Nb, P, Rb, Rh, Re, S, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y, Y, Zr and REEs). Measurements were mostly made using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The results are compared with equivalent data for the last batch of the material, SLRS‐5, measured simultaneously with SLRS‐6 in this study. In general, very low concentrations, close to the quantification limits, were found in the new batch. The Sr isotopic ratio is also reported. 相似文献