全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5231篇 |
免费 | 1374篇 |
国内免费 | 2501篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 85篇 |
大气科学 | 6124篇 |
地球物理 | 836篇 |
地质学 | 627篇 |
海洋学 | 420篇 |
天文学 | 168篇 |
综合类 | 200篇 |
自然地理 | 646篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 29篇 |
2023年 | 81篇 |
2022年 | 187篇 |
2021年 | 210篇 |
2020年 | 186篇 |
2019年 | 273篇 |
2018年 | 261篇 |
2017年 | 295篇 |
2016年 | 241篇 |
2015年 | 337篇 |
2014年 | 426篇 |
2013年 | 461篇 |
2012年 | 491篇 |
2011年 | 502篇 |
2010年 | 415篇 |
2009年 | 483篇 |
2008年 | 319篇 |
2007年 | 445篇 |
2006年 | 356篇 |
2005年 | 199篇 |
2004年 | 213篇 |
2003年 | 191篇 |
2002年 | 142篇 |
2001年 | 118篇 |
2000年 | 138篇 |
1999年 | 130篇 |
1998年 | 122篇 |
1997年 | 139篇 |
1996年 | 156篇 |
1995年 | 106篇 |
1994年 | 132篇 |
1993年 | 195篇 |
1992年 | 176篇 |
1991年 | 140篇 |
1990年 | 102篇 |
1989年 | 67篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 58篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 25篇 |
1965年 | 25篇 |
1964年 | 38篇 |
1962年 | 19篇 |
1958年 | 17篇 |
1957年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有9106条查询结果,搜索用时 526 毫秒
71.
Analysis of monthly momentum transport of zonal waves at 850 hPa for the period 1979 to 1993, between ‡S and ‡N for January
to April, using zonal (u) and meridional (v) components of wind taken from the ECMWF reanalysis field, shows a positive correlation (.1% level of significance) between
the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (June through September) and the momentum transport of wave zero TM(0) over latitudinal
belt between 25‡S and 5‡N (LB) during March. Northward (Southward) TM(0) observed in March over LB subsequently leads to a
good (drought) monsoon season over India which is found to be true even when the year is marked with the El-Nino event. Similarly
a strong westerly zone in the Indian Ocean during March, indicates a good monsoon season for the country, even if the year
is marked with El-Nino. The study thus suggests two predictors, TM(0) over LB and the strength of westerly zone in the Indian
Ocean during March. 相似文献
72.
JIANG Guorong ZHANG Ren SHA Wenyu YAN Junyue YAO Huadong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(1):123-132
In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meeting a diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction on data and ANN (artificial neural network) retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurements with rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed model works well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wide applications. 相似文献
73.
Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated
surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established
to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can
be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological
parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological
stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the
data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated
with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin. 相似文献
74.
基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:23
基于1 km×1 km分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM) 数据,利用建立的起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了黄河流域1 km×1 km分辨率各月天文辐射的空间分布。结果表明:局部地形对黄河流域年和四季天文辐射的空间分布影响明显;在太阳高度角较低的冬季,地理和地形因子对天文辐射的影响相当强烈,山区天文辐射的空间差异大,1月份向阳山坡(偏南坡) 天文辐射可为背阴山坡(偏北坡) 的2~3倍,极端天文辐射的差异可达10倍以上;而在太阳高度角较高的夏季,天文辐射空间差异较小,7月份不同地形极端天文辐射的差异仅在16%左右;四季中,地形对天文辐射影响的程度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。 相似文献
75.
湖泊水体光学特性是进行湖泊水体光学及水体光学遥感研究的基础。计算了太湖冬、夏季水体的吸收系数和散射系数,并在分析水体吸收特性的基础上对水体的光学类型进行了分类。结果表明:冬季太湖水体的光学类型属PY型(悬浮粒和黄质共同作用型),即水体的吸收特性受悬浮质和黄质的共同作用,而夏季则属CPY型(浮游藻类、悬浮粒和黄质共同作用型),即水体的吸收特性受悬浮质、黄质和浮游藻类三者的共同作用;不论冬季还是夏季,非色素悬浮粒是影响太湖水体散射特性的主要因子。 相似文献
76.
C Werner G Chiodini D Voigt S Caliro R Avino M Russo T Brombach J Wyngaard S Brantley 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,210(3-4):561-577
An eddy covariance (EC) station was deployed at Solfatara crater, Italy, June 8–25, 2001 to assess if EC could reliably monitor CO2 fluxes continuously at this site. Deployment at six different locations within the crater allowed areas of focused gas venting to be variably included in the measured flux. Turbulent (EC) fluxes calculated in 30-min averages varied between 950 and 4460 g CO2 m−2 d−1; the highest measurements were made downwind of degassing pools. Comparing turbulent fluxes with chamber measurements of surface fluxes using footprint models in diffuse degassing regions yielded an average difference of 0% (±4%), indicating that EC measurements are representative of surface fluxes at this volcanic site. Similar comparisons made downwind of degassing pools yielded emission rates from 12 to 27 t CO2 d−1 for these features. Reliable EC measurements (i.e. measurements with sufficient and stationary turbulence) were obtained primarily during daytime hours (08:00 and 20:00 local time) when the wind speed exceeded 2 m s−1. Daily average EC fluxes varied by ±50% and variations were likely correlated to changes in atmospheric pressure. Variations in CO2 emissions due to volcanic processes at depth would have to be on the same order of magnitude as the measured diurnal variability in order to be useful in predicting volcanic hazard. First-order models of magma emplacement suggest that emissions could exceed this rate for reasonable assumptions of magma movement. EC therefore provides a useful method of monitoring volcanic hazard at Solfatara. Further, EC can monitor significantly larger areas than can be monitored by previous methods. 相似文献
77.
Changes in Global Monsoon Circulations Since 1950 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We examined changes in several independent intensity indices of four majortropical monsoonal circulations for the period 1950–1998. Theseintensity indices included observed land surface precipitation andobserved ocean surface pressure in the monsoon regions aswell as upper-level divergence calculated at severalstandard levels from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis. These values wereaveraged seasonally over appropriate regions of southeastern Asian, western Africa, eastern Africa and the Australia/Maritime continent and adjacent ocean areas. Asa consistency check we also examined two secondary indices: mean sea level pressure trends and low level convergence both from theNCEP reanalysis.We find that in each of the four regions examined, a consistentpicture emerges indicating significantly diminished monsoonalcirculations over the period of record, evidence of diminished spatialmaxima in the global hydrological cycle since 1950. Trends since 1979,the period of strongest reported surface warming, do not indicate any change inmonsoon circulations. When strong ENSO years are removed from each of the time series the trends still show a general, significant reduction of monsoon intensity indicating that ENSO variability is not the direct cause for the observed weakening.Most previously reported model simulations of theeffects of rising CO2 show an increase in monsoonal activity withrising global surface temperature. We find no support in these datafor an increasing hydrological cycle or increasing extremes as hypothesized bygreenhouse warming scenarios. 相似文献
78.
本文运用月降水量、500hPa、100hPa月平均高度场和海平面气压场,在对50a华北夏季旱涝等级重新评定的基础上,分析了与华北夏季旱涝年对应的环流异常特征。结果表明华北旱涝年,对应整个北半球上各层都存在显著的环流异常变化。旱年500hPa环流异常使得极涡偏心,相应乌拉尔山和北美的气候槽偏强;中纬度位于华北的平均槽东移到朝鲜日本一带,而西部脊东移控制华北;低纬西太平洋副高偏东,印度低压槽偏弱。涝年则相反。在海平面气压场上,除了在与高层对应的显著异常区有相应变化外,在我国东部大陆大部及赤道中东太平洋上也有一显著的异常区,证实夏季风和KNSO与华北旱涝存在密切的联系。在100hPa高度场旱涝年环流差异主要表现为南亚高压南北界的位置变化。 相似文献
79.
80.
南极海冰的年际变化对中国东部夏季降水的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
根据Hadley中心提供的1969—1998年的南极海冰再分析资料和其它多种观测资料,分析了南极海冰的年际和季节变化,指出南极海冰具有显著的年际变化,但与ENSO的关系则较为复杂。南极海冰维持了南半球高纬地区大气环流的季节持续性,因而对短期气候预测有较大帮助。相关分析和时间序列分析均证实中国东部夏季降水与南极海冰的年际变化有关,当北半球春夏季南极海冰增多时,华北降水增多而华南和东北降水减少。研究还表明,此种雨型分布与南极海冰变化引起的东亚夏季风环流变化有关。 相似文献