梅雨锋上边界层中尺度扰动涡旋的个例研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

沈杭锋  章元直  查贲  陈勇明  翟国庆 《大气科学》2015,39(5):1025-1037

运用实况自动站、高时空分辨率的雷达和数值模拟资料,对2009年7月24日的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:(1)锋面南侧的暖区弱降水环境内,近地面的风场会有扰动涡旋出现,随着扰动涡旋趋于稳定和向上发展,降水迅速加强,形成短时暴雨,并伴随有大风出现。(2)偏西气流从边界层开始发展并加强为急 流,在向东推进的过程中逐渐抬升,形成了一支从边界层倾斜入对流层低层的急流轴;而偏南气流与偏北风相遇之后,不仅形成风向的辐合和切变,而且在空间上被抬升,形成了一支斜升入流。(3)在近地面风场的切变和 辐合作用下,锋生与辐合同步加强,边界层内的涡度也逐渐增强,由此带动了扰动的发生发展,扰动涡旋在边界层内率先形成,随后,在急流的东传和抬升影响下,扰动涡旋也逐步向东移动、向上发展。(4)近地面风速的加强、风向的辐合切变导致了扰动涡旋的发生和形成,并逐渐发展,这是边界层中尺度扰动涡旋发生发展的动力 因子。  相似文献   

An Observed Connection Between Wintertime Temperature Anomalies over Northwest China and Weather Regime Transitions in North Atlantic          下载免费PDF全文

LI Chao  ZHANG Qingyun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(2):201-213

In this study, the association between wintertime temperature anomalies over Northwest China and the weather regime transitions in North Atlantic on synoptic scale is analyzed by using observational surface air temperature(SAT) data and atmospheric reanalysis data. Daily SAT anomaly and duration time are used in order to define SAT anomaly cases. Differences with regard to the circulation anomalies over the Ural Mountains and the upstream North Atlantic area are evident. It is found that the colder than normal SAT is caused by the enhanced Ural high and associated southward flow over Northwest China. Time-lagged composites reveal possible connections between the SAT anomalies and the different development phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The Ural highs tend to be strengthened during the negative phase of NAO(NAO–) to Atlantic ridge transition, which are closely related to the downstream-propagating Rossby wave activity. The opposite circulation patterns are observed in the warm SAT cases. A cyclonic circulation anomaly is distinctly enhanced over the Urals during the positive phase of NAO(NAO+) to Scandinavian blocking transition, which would cause warmer SAT over Northwest China. Further analyses suggest that the intensified zonal wind over North Atlantic would favor the NAO– to Atlantic ridge transition, while the weakened zonal wind may be responsible for the transition between NAO+ and Scandinavian blocking.  相似文献   

北太平洋东部风暴轴的变化特征及其与大气环流和SST异常的关系   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁凯  朱伟军  陈懿妮 《大气科学学报》2015,38(1):66-75

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF(European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast)逐日再分析资料(ERA40),通过经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)分解发现,冬季北太平洋东部风暴轴有着显著的年际变化特征:第一变化模态为在气候平均位置南北相反的偶极子变化型,第二变化模态为在气候平均位置处一致增强或减弱的变化型,第三变化模态为三极子的变化型。进一步的回归分析发现:当东部风暴轴南压(北抬)时,同期冬季是一种厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)年海温异常空间分布型,中纬度北太平洋海区以及赤道中、东海区,冬季冷(暖)异常的洋面上是异常低压(高压),对流层中层是太平洋—北美型(Pacific-North American Pattern,PNA)遥相关的正(负)位相;当东部风暴轴增强(减弱)时,同期冬季黑潮区海温偏暖(偏冷),对流层中层表现为西太平洋型(West Pacific Pattern,WP)遥相关的正(负)位相;当东部风暴轴呈现西北—东南+-+(-+-)相间三极子的分布时,同期冬季巴布亚新几内亚附近海温异常偏暖(冷),夏威夷附近海温异常偏冷(暖),冬季冷(暖)异常的洋面上是异常低(高)压,对流层中层表现出类似PNA正(负)位相。EOF分解各模态所对应时间系数与阿留申低压(Aleutian Low,AL)指数、PNA指数、Nino3指数、WP指数、黑潮海温(Kuroshio Current,KC)指数之间存在显著的相关,这些证明了东部风暴轴与同期大气环流及SST异常之间的联系。  相似文献   

台风“卡努”登陆前强度突增天气成因分析     

李传祥 《气象科技》2007,35(2):213-216

利用MICAPS资料6、h 1次的CIMSS资料和卫星云图资料,对台风“卡努”登陆前强度突增天气成因进行了分析。结果表明:当台风向高空槽靠近时,高空槽前的正涡度平流能增强台风上空的辐散,而且高空槽使台风上空产生明显的热通量辐散,把台风产生的热量迅速带走;当台风处于海上太平洋副高西南侧时,太平洋副高适当增强,可使副高与台风间的东南气流增强以及环境风场垂直切变减弱。由于上述原因,台风“卡努”登陆前强度突然增加。  相似文献   

登陆热带气旋暴雨突然增幅和特大暴雨之研究进展   总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9  

董美莹  陈联寿  郑沛群  潘劲松 《热带气象学报》2009,25(4)

热带气旋暴雨突然增幅和特大暴雨往往是酿成洪涝、山体滑坡、泥石流、山洪爆发等巨灾的直接诱因,因此,登陆热带气旋引发暴雨突然增幅和特大暴雨研究受到了气象学者的高度关注,也是热带气旋研究领域的难点之一.着重从以下5个方面系统地综述了国内外相关机理研究的主要进展:(1) 行星尺度环流背景、天气尺度系统和中尺度系统的多尺度相互作用;(2) 下垫面条件的影响;(3) 环境垂直风切变的作用;(4) 能量的制造及转换理论;(5) 涡旋Rossby波和重力惯性波的激发传播理论.最后对当前现状中的存在问题和未来工作设想进行了探讨.  相似文献   

A DYNAMICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE WIND FIELD IN TROPICAL CYCLONES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝世峰  崔晓鹏  潘劲松  周冠博  胡波 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2009,15(2):210-216

Based on the primitive equations in polar coordinates, supposing that parcel velocity in tropical cyclones is in linear variation and that the distribution of surface pressure agrees with the Fujita formula, a set of equations are derived, which describe the impact of perturbations of central pressure, position of tropical cyclones, direction and velocity of movement of tropical cyclones on the wind field. It is proved that the second order approximation of the kinetic energy of tropical cyclones can be described by the equations under linear approximation. Typhoon Wipha (2007) is selected to verify the above interpretation method, and the results show that the interpretation method of the wind field could give very good results before the landfall of tropical cyclones, while making no apparent improvement after the landfall. The dynamical interpretation method in this paper is applicable to improving the forecasts of the wind field of tropical cyclones close to the coast.  相似文献   

浙江省高温精细化的评估方法     

严洌娜  陈海燕 《广东气象》2012,34(1):19-23

利用浙江省历史上144例高温过程研究建立了高温精细化评估方法,首先根据高温日数和高温累积量两项指标构建单站高温强度评估模型并将单站高温强度划分为"特强、强、较强、一般"4个等级,再根据1～4级高温范围和平均高温强度等指标构建全省高温强度评估模型,将全省高温强度也划分为同样Ⅰ～Ⅳ个等级;通过计算验证了该方法;另外评估结果显示,浙江省Ⅳ级以上高温平均每年可出现2.8次,近年来Ⅰ级(特强)高温有多发和重发的趋势;以杭州的西南部、金华的大部分以及丽水的中北部地区高温致灾危险性指数为最高(高危险区),从内陆到沿海、中部向南北两侧相应由"较高危险区→中等危险区→较低危险区"过渡,海岛及沿海个别地区属相对低危险区。  相似文献   

南亚高压和高低空急流对2010年浙江梅汛期暴雨的影响   总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0  

李洪权  陈中赟  骆丽楠  杨军  刘双喜 《气象科学》2012,32(3):310-316

利用常规气象站资料和美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2010年浙江梅汛期降水特征及南亚高压和高低空急流对梅汛期暴雨的影响。结果表明:(1)2010年浙江入、出梅偏晚,梅期明显偏长;降水偏多,强降水集中在浙江西南部,并逐渐向南北阶梯递减;暴雨过程频繁,降水集中,阶段性明显;(2)梅汛期间南亚高压主体偏强,加强中南北振荡和东西进退明显。高压脊线的南北振荡与强雨带南北摆动有一定的相关性。南亚高压在稳定状态或变化时都可能产生暴雨,暴雨多发生于变化时,且高压的西退与南撤同步,东进与北抬同步;(3)梅汛期高低空急流的演变具有较好的一致性,且与暴雨时空对应较好。暴雨带多处于高空急流的右侧和低空急流轴的左侧,暴雨带随高低空急流的位置变化而南北摆动,同时,低空急流轴到急流北缘与暴雨带有不同程度重叠。高低空急流强度与降雨强度有较密切的关系,高低空急流的水平距离对高低空急流耦合作用有重要影响,进而影响垂直运动发展和降水强度。因此,高低空急流的配置对梅汛期暴雨落区和强度预报有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION USING WRF MODEL   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李嘉鹏  银燕  金莲姬  张成竹 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(3):247-254

The Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) configured with high resolution and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data were used to simulate the development of a tropical deep convection over the Tiwi Islands,northern Australia,and to investigate the sensitivity of model results to model configuration and parameterization schemes of microphysical processes.The simulation results were compared with available measurements.The results show that the model can reproduce most of the important characteristics of the observed diurnal evolution of the convection,including the initiation of convection along the sea-breeze front,which is then reinforced by downdraft outflows,merging of cells and the formation of a deep convective system.However,further improvement is needed to simulate more accurately the location and the time for initiation of the deep convective system.Sensitivity tests show that double-nesting schemes are more accurate than the non-nesting schemes in predicting the distribution and intensity of precipitation as far as this particular case is concerned.Additionally,microphysical schemes also have an effect on the simulated amount of precipitation.It is shown that the best agreement is reached between the simulation results and observations when the Purdue Lin scheme is used.  相似文献   

20–50-day oscillation of summer Yangtze rainfall in response to intraseasonal variations in the subtropical high over the western North Pacific and South China Sea     

Jiangyu Mao  Zhang Sun  Guoxiong Wu 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(5):747-761

The spatio-temporal variability in summer rainfall within eastern China is identified based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of daily rain-gauge precipitation data for the period 1979–2003. Spatial coherence of rainfall is found in the Yangtze Basin, and a wavelet transform is applied to the corresponding principal component to capture the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of Yangtze rainfall. The ensemble mean wavelet spectrum, representing statistically significant intraseasonal variability, shows a predominant oscillation in summer Yangtze rainfall with a period of 20–50 days; a 10–20-day oscillation is pronounced during June and July. This finding suggests that the 20–50-day oscillation is a major agent in regulating summer Yangtze rainfall. Composite analyses reveal that the 20–50-day oscillation of summer Yangtze rainfall arises in response to intraseasonal variations in the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), which in turn is modulated by a Rossby wave-like coupled circulation–convection system that propagates northward and northwestward from the equatorial western Pacific. When an anomalous cyclone associated with this Rossby wave-like system reaches the South China Sea (SCS) and Philippine Sea, the WNPSH retreats northeastward due to a reduction in local pressure. Under these conditions, strong monsoonal southwesterlies blow mainly toward the SCS–Philippine Sea, while dry conditions form in the Yangtze Basin, with a pronounced divergent flow pattern. In contrast, the movement of an anomalous anticyclone over the SCS–Philippine Sea results in the southwestward extension of the WNPSH; consequently, the tropical monsoonal southwesterlies veer to the northeast over the SCS and then converge toward the Yangtze Basin, producing wet conditions. Therefore, the 20–50-day oscillation of Yangtze rainfall is also manifest as a seesaw pattern in convective anomalies between the Yangtze Basin and the SCS–Philippine Sea. A considerable zonal shift in the WNPSH is associated with extreme dry (wet) episodes in the Yangtze Basin, with an abrupt eastward (westward) shift in the WNPSH generally leading the extreme negative (positive) Yangtze rainfall anomaly by a 3/8-period of the 20–50-day oscillation. This finding may have implications for improving extended-range weather forecasting in the Yangtze Basin.  相似文献