冀中平原深部地下热水资源可更新特征与依据——以辛集馆陶组地下热水系统为例     

张光辉  李卓  严明疆  王茜  王威 《地球学报》2016,37(5):637-644

针对冀中平原深部地下热水资源可更新性问题,以辛集馆陶组地下热水系统为例,采用相同开采强度下地下热水位降幅异常变化的识别方法,通过2000年以来该地下热水位年际及月际降幅与开采量和上游山区年降水量之间响应变化特征研究,结果表明:(1)冀中平原辛集地区馆陶组地下热水资源具有一定的可更新能力,与上游山区年降水量变化相关,还与地下水位埋深、当年开采引起的水位降幅大小和开采疏干层位砾粗砂岩及细砂岩占比状况有关;(2)辛集地区馆陶组地下热水大规模开采,是该地下水系统获得上游区侧向流入补给的必要条件,属于开采激发型补给,更新补给的资源数量有限;(3)从2000年以来该区地下热水水位动态变化趋势来看,目前该区地下热水资源已处于超采状态,需要压采或人工回灌增大补给,否则难以可持续开发利用。  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔玛依勒山地区阔依塔斯杂岩体地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

靳松  荣桂林  张兆祎  李天刚  彭朝晖  吴立昂 《中国地质》2016,(1):99-110

新疆西准噶尔北部广泛发育中酸性侵入岩,其形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世,岩石类型为辉石闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。阔依塔斯杂岩体的形成年龄为(297±2)Ma,Si O2为52.40%~67.53%;高Al2O3,14.92%~17.85%;里特曼指数(δ)小于3.3,介于1.47~1.98;富钠贫钾,K2O/Na2O为0.15~0.49;铁高而镁低,Fe OT/Mg O为1.01~1.69。其稀土配分模式右倾,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有微弱铕正异常。地球化学和年代学特征表明:岩体形成于后碰撞演化的晚期阶段,这一时间早于东准噶尔后碰撞的时间(二叠纪末)。该杂岩体主体可能为幔源岩浆底侵镁铁质下地壳,导致发生部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

张家口高家庄多金属矿床成矿时代厘定及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

李随民  韩玉丑  魏明辉  邢欢  李森文  李玉红 《中国地质》2016,(4):1385-1392

太行山北东向构造-岩浆岩带中发育有多个燕山期酸性岩体,目前已发现的多金属及贵金属矿床与燕山期岩体有着密切的成因联系。本文对分布于大河南岩体北西侧的高家庄多金属矿床采用硫化物Rb-Sr法进行了同位素定年,(144.5±1.4)Ma等时线测年结果与采用锆石U-Pb法确定的大河南岩体形成时代接近;此外,矿床硫化物的初始锶同位素比值为0.7122~0.7123,显示成矿物质来源以壳源为主。这与大河南岩体主要为陆壳物质部分熔融形成的认识相一致,即高家庄多金属矿床在成矿物质来源上与大河南岩体的形成与演化之间具有密切的成因联系。大河南岩体的形成时限与区内多金属矿床形成时限与中国东部第二次大规模成矿期一致,此时区内地球动力学环境正处于主应力场由近南北向转换到近东西向的构造体制大转折时期。在此独特的成矿背景下,深熔作用形成的花岗质岩浆沿NNE向与原EW向断裂交汇处侵位。花岗质岩浆高侵位但未发生喷发作用,使挥发组分和成矿元素得以保存,从而为大规模成矿作用提供了必须的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素。  相似文献   

河南嵩县松里沟金矿床中碲化物的发现及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王鹏  叶会寿  抄尉尉  张兴康  陈小丹  石建喜  窦志明  党国良 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(4):627-646

松里沟金矿位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区,已探明金资源储量26 t。矿体产于中新太古界-古元古界太华群片麻岩NWW向的断裂带中。其热液成矿过程包括4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、金-碲化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。显微镜下发现金-碲化物阶段存在大量与金共生的碲化物。利用电子探针和能谱分析查明碲化物的种类、共生关系和形成条件,确认的碲化物有碲铅铋矿、碲铅矿、碲铋矿、碲金矿、碲金银矿、硫碲铋铅金矿、辉碲铋矿,此外还有大量的自然金和少量的辉铋矿。该矿床为一与岩浆作用有关的碲金矿床。Au主要以自然金和金银碲化物的形式存在。Au、Ag以硫氢络合物的形式发生迁移,Te2(g)和H2Te(g)冷凝进入含贵金属的氯化物溶液是碲化物沉淀主要机制。相图及化学反应方程式分析表明,金-碲化物阶段受温度、碲逸度、硫逸度、氧逸度和酸碱度控制,其中,黄铁矿-石英阶段和石英-黄铁矿阶段形成于logf_(Te2)-14.4和logf_(S2)=-11.1~-6.5的环境。金-碲化物阶段形成于温度为110~313℃、logf_(Te2)=-15.2~-9.4和logf_(S2)=-16.5~-14.6、f_(O_2)升高和pH值降低的环境。碲化物的发现为探讨该矿床成因和熊耳山地区寻找同类型的矿床提供了依据。  相似文献   

辽中凹陷反转构造及其对郯庐断裂带走滑活动的响应     

杨克基  漆家福  余一欣  马宝军  平英奇  徐长贵 《岩石学报》2016,32(4):1182-1196

辽中凹陷发育多种样式的反转构造,其形成演化与郯庐断裂带辽东湾段新生代的脉动式活动有直接关系。通过最新的地震剖面、相干体切片等资料以及平衡剖面恢复等方法,对辽中凹陷反转构造的几何学形态、演化过程和反转期次进行研究,并结合区域板块活动背景,分析反转构造演化过程及其对郯庐断裂带新生代活动的响应。结果表明:辽中凹陷发育反转断裂、反转背斜、泥底辟、隐伏凸起等多种类型的反转构造,且沿郯庐断裂带呈带状展布。辽中凹陷在新生代主要曾经历了三期构造反转,分别发生在沙三段沉积末期、东营组沉积末期和明化镇组沉积末期。三期构造反转均与郯庐断裂带的走滑压扭活动有关,从根本上受控于周边板块活动背景的变化:第一期反转是由于太平洋板块俯冲方向和速率发生变化,导致郯庐断裂带由左旋走滑转为右旋走滑,由走滑张扭转为走滑压扭,形成反转构造的雏形;第二期反转的动力主要来源于太平洋板块对中国大陆向西的推挤作用,导致渤海湾地区受到整体挤压以及郯庐断裂带发生走滑压扭,使反转构造定型;第三期反转是由于太平洋板块的加速俯冲促使郯庐断裂带晚期再次发生走滑压扭活动,对早期反转构造进行改造。其中沙三段和明化镇组沉积末期的反转为局部反转,强度较弱,东营组沉积末期的反转为区域反转,强度最高。  相似文献   

流体包裹体和C-H-O同位素对湘中古台山金矿床成因制约   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

李伟  谢桂青  张志远  张兴康 《岩石学报》2016,32(11):3489-3506

古台山金矿是湘中盆地最典型的高品位石英脉型金矿床,主要赋存于新元古界和震旦系板岩-千枚岩中。为了探明古台山金矿的成矿物质和成矿流体来源,本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察,对不同阶段石英进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温、激光拉曼探针及H-O同位素分析,对与金矿化密切相关的铁白云石进行了C-O同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示,不同阶段石英主要发育CO_2三相和水溶液两相包裹体,金沉淀阶段CO_2三相包裹体丰度最高,包裹体均一温度集中在180~320℃之间,盐度集中在0~13%NaCleqv之间。激光拉曼显示不同阶段石英包裹体成分主要为H_2O、CO12及少量的CH_4和N_2。不同阶段石英的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)变化范围为15.6‰~17.9‰,对应的δ8OH_2O变化范围为4.5‰~8.3‰,δD_(V-SMOW)变化范围-78‰~-49‰,显示成矿过程中有岩浆水参与。铁白云石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)集中在-10.3‰~-8.6‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)分布在13.9‰~15.7‰之间,暗示成矿流体中的碳主要来自深部岩浆。流体不混溶、CH_4气体存在、围岩及脉体发生硫化-碳酸盐化等因素是导致古台山矿床Au沉淀富集的重要机制。综合上述分析,推测古台山金矿可能是一个非典型的造山型金矿床。  相似文献   

乌兰哈达变质岩地层地热勘探井钻头选择与取心工艺          下载免费PDF全文

宋国龙  董劲松  李进安 《探矿工程》2016,43(12):41-44

内蒙古自治区察右后旗乌兰哈达苏木地热勘探井井深2006.87 m。采用石油30型钻机施工,钻遇地层大部分为变质岩,达1500 m以上,对牙轮钻头损坏严重,同时施工要求进行18次岩心采取。经过对钻头的试用、选择,最后选用HJ637G型牙轮钻头,钻进时效可达0.8～1.2 m,使用寿命可达到80～100 h。取心段采用川7-4型双管单动取心筒配合金刚石钻头,岩心采取率可达70%～95%。  相似文献   

Controls on reservoir heterogeneity of tight sand oil reservoirs in Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area,southwest Ordos Basin,China: Implications for reservoir quality prediction and oil accumulation     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Compared to conventional reservoirs, pore structure and diagenetic alterations of unconventional tight sand oil reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is a major tight-oil-bearing formation in the Ordos Basin, providing an opportunity to study the factors that control reservoir heterogeneity and the heterogeneity of oil accumulation in tight oil sandstones.The Chang 8 tight oil sandstone in the study area is comprised of fine-to medium-grained, moderately to well-sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. The reservoir quality is extremely heterogeneous due to large heterogeneities in the depositional facies, pore structures and diagenetic alterations. Small throat size is believed to be responsible for the ultra-low permeability in tight oil reservoirs. Most reservoirs with good reservoir quality, larger pore-throat size, lower pore-throat radius ratio and well pore connectivity were deposited in high-energy environments, such as distributary channels and mouth bars. For a given depositional facies, reservoir quality varies with the bedding structures. Massive- or parallel-bedded sandstones are more favorable for the development of porosity and permeability sweet zones for oil charging and accumulation than cross-bedded sandstones.Authigenic chlorite rim cementation and dissolution of unstable detrital grains are two major diagenetic processes that preserve porosity and permeability sweet zones in oil-bearing intervals. Nevertheless, chlorite rims cannot effectively preserve porosity-permeability when the chlorite content is greater than a threshold value of 7%, and compaction played a minor role in porosity destruction in the situation. Intensive cementation of pore-lining chlorites significantly reduces reservoir permeability by obstructing the pore-throats and reducing their connectivity. Stratigraphically, sandstones within 1 m from adjacent sandstone-mudstone contacts are usually tightly cemented (carbonate cement > 10%) with low porosity and permeability (lower than 10% and 0.1 mD, respectively). The carbonate cement most likely originates from external sources, probably derived from the surrounding mudstone. Most late carbonate cements filled the previously dissolved intra-feldspar pores and the residual intergranular pores, and finally formed the tight reservoirs.The petrophysical properties significantly control the fluid flow capability and the oil charging/accumulation capability of the Chang 8 tight sandstones. Oil layers usually have oil saturation greater than 40%. A pore-throat radius of less than 0.4 μm is not effective for producible oil to flow, and the cut off of porosity and permeability for the net pay are 7% and 0.1 mD, respectively.  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the North Qinling Orogen from subduction to collision and exhumation: Evidence from zircons in metamorphic rocks of the Qinling Group     

《Gondwana Research》2016

The North Qinling Block (NQB) is an important segment of the Qinling Orogen in Central China. Here we report the results from SIMS geochronology and oxygen isotopes, as well as LA-MC-ICPMS Hf isotopic analyses on zircon grains from a suite of metamorphic rocks (felsic gneisses, garnet plagioclase amphibolites, and retrograde eclogite dikes) in the Qinling Group of the NQB. The age data show that these rocks underwent at least two episodes of metamorphism with the peak at 483–501 Ma, followed by 454–470 Ma retrograde metamorphism. These results are generally coeval with the periods of 500–480 Ma for peak metamorphism and 460–420 Ma for retrograde metamorphism previously obtained from the HP/UHP metamorphic rocks of the NQB. During the prograde and retrograde metamorphism, widespread fluid and melt circulation within the block has been identified from the geochemical features of the metamorphic zircons. The fluids that circulated in the felsic gneisses and retrograde eclogite dikes originated from the dehydration of altered oceanic basalts as inferred from the exceedingly low Th/U ratios, positive ε_Hf(t) (> 5) and extremely δ¹⁸O (10.01–13.91‰) values in metamorphic zircons. In contrast, the melt involved in the formation of garnet plagioclase amphibolites appears to have been derived from continental sediments interlayered with the oceanic basalts since zircons crystallized during the peak and retrograde metamorphism show typical magmatic features with high U and Th contents and Th/U ratios and enriched Hf (ε_Hf(t) = − 5.42 to − 0.18) and oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O around 8‰). Geochronological and geochemical features of the magmatic cores of the clear core-rim textured zircons demonstrate that the protoliths of the gneisses were intermediate-acid volcanic rocks erupted before Neoproterozoic (800 Ma), which is further supported by the intrusion of basaltic magma of asthenospheric origin as represented by protoliths of retrograde eclogite dikes, with the oldest magmatic zircon formed at 789 Ma. The protoliths of garnet plagioclase amphibolites appear to be altered oceanic basalts but had been significantly affected by the melt during the metamorphism. Combined with the previous studies, the Qinling Group experienced overall subduction in the Early Paleozoic. The NQB as represented by the Qinling Group was most likely a discrete micro-block in the Neoproterozoic, and underwent deep subduction in the Cambrian (483–501 Ma) and exhumation in Ordovician (454–470 Ma). We propose that the NQB preserves a complete cycle of tectonic evolution of an orogen from an oceanic basin spreading, and micro-continent formation to deep subduction and exhumation.  相似文献   

唐山市海岛岸滩旅游环境质量评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘修锦  邱若峰  邢容容  陈文超  韩涛  任旭光 《海洋开发与管理》2016,33(2):31-35

海滩作为宝贵的滨海旅游资源,其质量问题越来越受到关注,海滩质量评价不仅能为海滩使用者提供帮助,也为提高旅游海滩质量提供指导方法。唐山市砂质岸滩资源丰富,岸线总长度约50 km,几乎全部位于海岛,砂质细腻。参考国内外质量评价标准,选取25个评价因子(自然因子12个,社会因子13个)对唐山市海滩进行评价,综合来看,海滩质量以祥云岛最好,龙岛次之,其余海岛均表现为一般。  相似文献