The effects of elevated-CO₂ on physiological performance of Bryopsis plumosa     

YILDIZ Gamze  DERE &#;&#;kran 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):125-129

An increase in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the resultant rise in CO2 in seawater alter the inorganic carbon concentrations of seawater. This change, known as ocean acidification, ...  相似文献   

中国东部暖温带高山林线乔木的光合作用及其与环境因子的关系   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

刘鸿雁  谷洪涛  唐志尧  戴君虎  崔海亭 《山地学报》2002,20(1):32-36

高山林线对于气候变化的影响非常敏感。气候变化首先从个体的水平影响林线的内部结构，然后才影响到作为整体的林线的推移，因此研究乔木个体生理活动与气候条件之间的关系，对于研究高山林线对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。本文通过对们于中国东部暖温带的五台山、关帝山、太白山森林上限附近白杆（Picea meyeri）、华北落叶松（Larix principis-ruprechtii)和太白红杉（L.chinensis)生理活动与环境因子的野外测定，分析了光合作用与环境因子之间的关系，得出以下初步结论：（1）研究区内林线乔木的光合作用不存在单一的限制因子；（2）有关研究表明，光照与温度共同作用于高山林线乔木的光合作用，在光照较低的情况下，温度成为光合作用的限制因子，本研究进一步证实了这一现象；（3）树线、林缘、郁闭林内三种不同生境条件下乔木光合作用的对比表明，林缘的生境条件最适合植物光合作用。虽然林缘的湿度条件中等，但良好的光照和温度条件对光合作用有促进作用。  相似文献   

水稻植株光合产物分配、转移规律和生长动态模拟          下载免费PDF全文

冯定原  邱新法  戴小笠 《大气科学学报》1996,19(1):50-56

在总结前人研究的基础上,结合1989～1992年田间试验资料,采用优化算法,计算了水稻植株光合产物分配系数α_i和转移系数β_i 的量值,分析了两者随水稻生长发育的变化规律以及天气气候因子对它们的影响,建立了水稻植株和各个器官的生长动态模型,并进行了检验。  相似文献   

Variations in atmospheric CO2 at the Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan     

Hisayuki Yoshikawa Inoue  Hidekadzu Matsueda 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,23(2):137-161

Since April 1986, measurements of the CO₂ concentration in the surface air have been conducted at the Meteorological Research Institure (MRI, 36°04 N, 140°07 E, 25 m above sea level) in Tsukuba, located 50 km northeast of Tokyo, Japan. The CO₂ data measured over times between 11:00 Japan Standard Time (JST) and 16:00 JST (C _N ) were considered to be representative of the air (within a few ppmv) in the planetary boundary layer. To evaluate the representative CO₂ level on a spatial scale larger than that of the C _N record, the CO₂ data with hour-to-hour variation less than 1 ppmv were selected (C _P ). Comparison of these data with those of Ryori (39°02 N, 141°50 E), a continental station operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency, indicates that the C _P record provides a representative CO₂ level in the air on spatial scales of at least a few hundred kilometers.The C _N record allows an investigation of the internanual changes in photosynthesis/respiration against changes in climatological parameters. Within a small temperature anomaly (ca.±1 °C) respiration is sensitive to the temperature change, while photosynthesis is less sensitive. When the temperature anomaly is large, however, photosynthesis and respiration tend to be competitive.  相似文献   

One Dimensional Ecosystem Model Simulation of the Effects of Vertical Dilution by the Winter Mixing on the Spring Diatom Bloom     

Naoki Yoshie  Yasuhiro Yamanaka  Michio J. Kishi  Hiroaki Saito 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):563-571

A one-dimensional ecosystem model has been used to investigate the processes relevant to the spring diatom bloom which play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle in the western subarctic Pacific. The model represents the plankton dynamics and the nutrient cycles in the spring diatom bloom; its results show the importance of dilution by deep mixing in winter. It is supposed that the vertically integrated biomass of phytoplankton decreases in the winter due to the decrease of photosynthesis, because the deep mixing transports phytoplankton to a layer with a low light level. However, the observed integrated diatom biomass increases as the mixed layer deepens. This is because the decrease of concentration due to dilution by mixing causes the diatom grazed pressure to be less significant than diatom photosynthesis. In other words, the effect of dilution on the grazed rate is more significant than the effect on the photosynthesis rate because the grazed rate depends on the concentrations of both diatom and grazer, whereas the photosynthesis rate depends only diatom concentration. The average specific diatom grazed rate, defined as grazed rate divided by diatom biomass, decreases by 35% associated with the deepening, while the average specific photosynthesis rate of diatom decreases by 11%. As a result, the average specific net diatom growth rate during the deep mixing is about 70% of its maximum during the spring diatom bloom. The deep mixing significantly affects the amplitude of the spring diatom bloom not only by the supply of nutrients but also by the dilution which drastically decreases the grazed pressure. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Physiology of Laminaria   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nichola J.  Conolly Edward A.  Drew 《Marine Ecology》1985,6(4):299-320

Abstract. Sporophytes of Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina were collected from the shore at different times of year. Intact sporophytes of both species, and discs cut from L. digitata lamina tissue were maintained for several weeks in laboratory cultures under various nitrate, phosphate, temperature and daylength regimes. Substrate-saturated uptake rates of approximately 24 μgN g dry weight^-1 h^-1 from 20 μM nitrate and 8 μgP g dry weight^-1 h^-1 from 10 μM phosphate were more than sufficient to account for internal nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation. Other nitrogen sources - nitrite, ammonium and urea - were also taken up, independently of each other, and supported growth. During the late spring decline of ambient nutrient levels, when growth rates on the shore also decline markedly, enrichment with nitrate (15 μM) and phosphate (3μ) together prevented this decline and also maintained peak photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis = 10.4 μlO₂ cm^-2 h^-1) which otherwise dropped to 4.5 μO₂ cm^-2 h^-1 over 47 days at ambient nutrient levels (0.5 μM nitrate and phosphate). Slow summer growth rates in June/July were enhanced to greater than spring peak values by combined nitrate (7.5 μM) and phosphate (1.8 μM) enrichment; neither was sufficient alone, although the individual nutrients were accumulated internally. A lesser, but significant enhancement was also achieved in September. In midwinter, nutrient enhancement itself (10.5 μM nitrate and 3.0 μM phosphate) had a small effect on growth rates only if summer water temperature (15°C) was used, but the dramatic effect of an increased photoperiod (7.5 to 17.5 h) was in excess of that expected for the increased radiant energy available. This was found to be due, at least in L. digitaia discs, to the re-establishment of a surface meristoderm in the dormant winter tissue; this was particularly active with high phosphate supply. Growth of the new lamina in January on the shore was much reduced if the old lamina was removed, although the time of initiation of new growth remained unchanged. In the laboratory, the old lamina was found to be a source of nitrogen for new lamina but not of fixed carbon or phosphorus. New lamina photosynthesis, manifest as mannitol accumulation, was directly proportional to phosphate supply up to at least 7.5 μM phosphate. Mannitol accumulation was then suppressed by a nitrate supply above 12 um, presumably by diversion of fixed carbon to other biosynthetic pathways.  相似文献   

Physiology of Laminaria     

Edward A.  Drew 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(3):227-250

Abstract. Discs of lamina tissue excised from Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and L. saccharina were unaffected by cutting. They photosynthesized at a constant rate for several days and increased in area and weight during prolonged bubble cultures at a rate comparable with that of plants on the shore.  相似文献   

Picoplankton: Contribution to Phytoplankton Production in the Strait of Messina*     

Giuseppe Magazz  Vivia Bruni  Augusto Piccione  Trevor Platt  Brian Irwin  D. V. Subba Rao 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(1):21-31

Abstract. Biomass and primary production rates derived from photosynthesis-light curves on picoplankton (< 1 um fraction) and total phytoplankton were compared for the Strait of Messina. Picoplankton biomass ranged between 0.063 and 0.094 mg Chi a m^-5 and accounted for 56–63 % of the total. Total primary production rates were between 0.22 and 1.56 mg C-m^-2-h^-1 of which the picoplankton contribution ranged from 24 to 43%. In this turbulent nearshore environment, the contribution of picoplankton to total phytoplankton production is considerably less than in calmer open-ocean waters. Carbon assimilation numbers (Pm^b), the initial slope (a), adaptation parameter (I_k), optimal irradiance (I_m) and compensation intensity (L_m,) for the picoplankton were lower than for the > 1 μm fraction. Fitted respiration (Rm^B) for the picoplankton was, however, on the average higher (10.3 % of Pm^B) than for the > 1 μrn fraction (6.6 %). Assimilation numbers for the > 1 μm fraction in the southern stations were of higher magnitude (8.5–12.0 mg C mg Chi a^-1 h^-1) than in the northern station, possibly due to the impact of upwelled water flowing southward along the Sicilian coast.  相似文献   

The ecophysiology of Phaeocystis globosa: A review     

Roel Riegman  W. Van Boekel 《Journal of Sea Research》1996,35(4):235-242

A straightforward ecophysiological characterization of Phaeocystis globosa is hampered by its complex polymorphic life cycle in whic flagellates and colonial cells express different physiological and morphological properties. There is also increasing evidence that, besides the existence of different species, the most widespread species Phaeocystis globosa (Scherffel) has to be subdivided into at least five different ecotypes which again differ in their ecophysiological properties. Most research has been performed on the P. globosa ecotype North European (English Channel/ North Sea isolates). From the available literature it must be concluded that flagellate cells are better competitors for light and phosphate than colonial cells, due to their superior uptake characteristics. To a limited extent this phenomenon is compensated in colonial cells by their ability to continue growth and cell division in the dark at the same rate as in the light, at the expense of extracellular colonial mucus. In contrast with other algal species, colonial cells of P. globosa are better competitors for nitrogen than for phosphorus.Flagellates transform into vegetative cells and form colonies in environments with irradiance levels of about 50 μE·m⁻²·s⁻¹ or more and an optimum phosphate concentration of 1 μM. A solid substrate and the presence of calcium are prerequisites for colony formation. In environments where phosphorus is limiting no new colonies are formed. There is some evidence that nitrate stimulates colony formation, whereas high ammonium values (above 1 μM) tend to suppress colony formation. Massive blooms of P. globosa colonies can be attributed to a combination of environmental conditions that induce colony formation and smaller grazing losses of colonial cells than of flagellates, rather than to superior ecophysiological characteristics of colonial cells.  相似文献   

多功能防旱剂效果分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵国强  朱自玺  邓天宏  方文松  侯建新 《气象》1998,24(9):55-57

１９９７年进行的小麦喷施多功能防旱剂的试验结果表明,光合作用强度较对照提高１４％～２８％,气孔阻力较对照提高２４％～５１％蒸腾强度降低１％～９％,水分利用效率２％～２７％,千粒重提高２％～６％,产量增加１．８％～７．１％,说明喷施多功能防旱剂后,对促进小麦生长,降低蒸强度,提高产量有一定的作用。  相似文献