Geoarchaeological evidence on a Late Bronze Age earthquake,Ohrid Basin (North Macedonia)     

J. Hošek  M. Verčík  P. Pokorný  J. Beneš  V. Komárková  T. Radoměřský  N. Atanasoska  V. Todoroska  P. Ardjanliev 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1003-1012

Geoarchaeological investigations on the northeastern shore of Lake Ohrid revealed 3.5 m thick deepwater lacustrine sediments overlying terrestrial vegetation macrofossils, worked wood and abundant potsherds dated to the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Distinct contact of deepwater sediment with the sub-aerial weathered limestone bedrock point to a sudden increase in lake level. According to radiocarbon data, catastrophic flooding occurred shortly after 1214 yr bc. Because the area is located in a highly active seismic zone, we propose that this event was caused by tectonically induced, metre-scale coseismic subsidence related to faults bordering the Ohrid alluvial plain. Moreover, this event coincides well with a dramatic switch in the habitation and settlement strategy in the region. More important, however, is the finding that the age of the proposed massive tectonic event and change in habitation lies within the interval of the proposed ‘earthquake storm’ in the eastern Mediterranean dated to 1225–1175 bc. As the Ohrid-Korça zone belongs to the same tectonic province, a relationship between the abovementioned earthquakes and the proposed event can be expected. This research therefore might provide the first direct evidence of a large-scale earthquake event linkable to the LBA collapse of Europe's first urban civilisation in the Aegean.  相似文献   

1996—2015年黄河源区植被覆盖度提取和时空变化分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王俊奇  王广军  梁四海  杜海波  彭红明 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):662-674

研究黄河源区植被覆盖度时空变化对于深入理解青藏高原多年冻土区在气候变化和人类活动双重作用下的植被响应,以及为黄河源区生态环境保护和治理提供决策具有重要的意义。以陆地卫星（Landsat）影像为主要数据源,利用多端元混合像元分解模型（Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis,MESMA）,完成了1996—2015年黄河源区4.4万km²、7个时相的植被覆盖度提取,并基于转移矩阵和一元线性回归趋势法分析了植被覆盖度变化情况。结果表明：黄河源区东南部植被覆盖度较高,西北部植被覆盖度较低,且植被覆盖度在空间上由东南向西北呈递减趋势。1996—2004年植被覆盖度整体呈下降趋势,2004—2015年植被覆盖度呈增加趋势。1996—2015年植被覆盖度呈增加趋势的区域占57.25%,基本不变的区域占16.02%,植被覆盖度呈下降趋势的区域占26.73%。植被覆盖度下降的主要原因是黄河源头及一些河谷地带、环湖地区受人类影响较大,且东南部海拔较低地区受到过度放牧的影响。尽管黄河源区1996—2015年植被覆盖度总体呈改善趋势,但毒杂草的面积也由1996年的16 060 km²增加到2015年的22 942 km²,20年间增加了6 882 km²,毒杂草面积的增加对黄河源区局部地区畜牧业的发展有不利影响。  相似文献   

储层致密化与油气充注的关系:以三肇凹陷白垩系扶余油层为例     

斯尚华  胡张明  刘吉  刘云飞  耳闯  杨哲恒  何俊昊 《现代地质》2021,35(6):1854-1863

为了明确松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层储层致密化与油气充注相关性,利用微米CT、流体包裹体显微分析、盆地模拟等方法,研究了该储层微观孔喉特征,且定量分析了其成藏期。根据储层孔隙演化信息分析了研究区储层致密化过程和油气成藏的关系。结果发现:三肇凹陷扶余致密储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉特征表现为窄喉道、宽孔隙、孔喉配置差、微细喉道总体积大等特征。压实作用和胶结作用为储层致密化重要成因,储层致密时间应该在嫩江组末之前。流体包裹体分析结果表明三肇凹陷扶余储层油充注分为早期和晚期,相应的充注时间分别距今77~74 Ma、67~65 Ma,分别对应于嫩江组沉积期和明水组沉积末期。综合对比扶余油层油气成藏历史和储层孔隙演化特征,认为原油充注发生储层致密化之后,即先致密后成藏。  相似文献   

黄土高原北部土地利用变化对长期土壤水分平衡影响模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

白晓  贾小旭  邵明安  赵春雷 《水科学进展》2021,32(1):109-119

为探明土地利用变化对黄土高原长期土壤水分平衡的影响,利用校验的Hydrus-1D模型模拟黄土高原北部神木六道沟小流域1981—2050年农耕地—苜蓿草地—天然草地情景下0~4 m土壤水分变化过程,量化土壤储水量、深层渗漏和蒸散发等水文变量的演变特征。结果显示:①农耕地期间年降水的88%为蒸散发消耗,11%为渗漏损失。②苜蓿草地种植后6 a内,蒸散发大幅增加至年降水的108%,土壤水分负平衡,0~4 m土壤储水量以52 mm/a的速率降低;至7~13 a,年降水几乎全部被蒸散发消耗。③苜蓿草地转变为天然草地后,蒸散发量下降31%,土壤水分以45 mm/a的速率逐渐补给,之后年降水量的92%用于蒸散发,8%为渗漏消耗,土壤水分处于相对稳定状态。研究表明不同土地利用方式下的土壤水分平衡模式具有显著差异,种植高耗水植被可造成土壤水分负平衡,导致土壤干燥化,进而对土壤水分补给产生负面效应,改变植被类型可使土壤干层得到有效改善。  相似文献   

滇西漕涧地区崇山杂岩带始新世花岗岩的发现及其地质意义     

黄亮  浦涛  刘军平  王晓林  刘小春  熊波  宋冬虎 《地球学报》2021,42(5):579-592

崇山杂岩带为滇西三江造山系西侧边缘的一条重要边界构造,属青藏高原造山带的南东缘.带内岩浆活动强烈,前人认为其主要由晚元古代、中生代的花岗岩组成;而据地质调查发现,带内新生代的岩浆作用十分发育.本文对带内新发现的灰白色黑云二花岗岩进行研究,获得了锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄为34.88 Ma和35.25 Ma,表明其侵位于古近纪始新世.岩石地球化学表明,黑云二花岗岩为钾玄质-高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质花岗岩类,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾,其中LREE明显富集,HREE为不同程度亏损,具明显的负Eu异常;富集Rb、Th、Ce、Sm和亏损K、Ba、Ta、Hf、Y等元素,且为淡色花岗岩特征;据锆石Hf同位素测试分析,εHf(t)值为–2.35～+2.33和TDM2为962～1259 Ma,表明了花岗岩岩浆源区为壳幔混合的产物,以及源岩主要源自中元古代—新元古代陆壳基底物质的部分熔融.综合研究认为,始新世黑云二长花岗岩形成于喜马拉雅期碰撞造山向造山晚期转换阶段,是一套典型的"超厚地壳"部分熔融和壳幔相互作用的淡色花岗岩;以及其侵位时间代表了漕涧地区喜马拉雅碰撞造山阶段的完成和造山晚期阶段的开始,且转换时间约为35 Ma.  相似文献   

Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the mixed clastic-carbonate deposits in the Late Paleozoic icehouse period: A case study from the northern Qaidam Basin     

《China Geology》2021,4(4):673-685

The widely-developed, mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability, however, the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear. Combined the latest drilling wells data, we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems, including progradational coastal system, incised valley system, and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system, and identified four third-order sequences, SQ1, SQ2, SQ3 and SQ4, consisting of LST, TST, and HST. The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently, showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term, which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity. The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

The relationship between groundwater and natural vegetation in Qaidam Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Dang Xue-ya  Lu Na  Gu Xiao-fan  Jin Xiao-mei 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):341-349

To accurately evaluate ecological risks trigged by groundwater exploitation, it must be clarified the relationship between vegetation and groundwater. Based on remote sensing data sets MOD13Q1, groundwater table depth (WTD) and total dissolved solids (TDS), the relationship between groundwater and natural vegetation was analyzed statistically in the main plain areas of Qaidam Basin. The results indicate that natural vegetation is groundwater-dependent in areas where WTD is less than 5.5 m and TDS is less than 7.5 g/L. Aquatic vegetation, hygrophytic vegetation and hygrophytic saline-alkali tolerant vegetation are mainly distributed in areas with WTD <1.1 m. Salt-tolerant and mesophytic vegetation mainly occur in areas with WTD of 1.4-3.5 m, while the xerophytic vegetation isprimarily present in areas where WTD ranges from 1.4 m to 5.5 m. Natural vegetation does not necessarily depend on groundwater in areas with WTD >5.5 m. For natural vegetation, the most suitable water TDS is less than 1.5 g/L, the moderately suitable TDS is 1.5-5.0 g/L, the basically suitable TDS is 5.0-7.5 g/L, and the unsuitable TDS is more than 7.5 g/L.  相似文献   

1960—2017年沈阳地区春播期降水变化特征     

慕臣英  张郁  徐全辉  宋晓巍  张菁  李石  高桐 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):106-111

基于1960—2017年沈阳市5个气象观测站4—5月降水量资料,采用线性趋势法和累积距平分析了沈阳市春播期(4—5月)降水量演变特征,并分析首场透雨及最大连续无有效降水日数演变特征及对春播期降水量影响,对春播期降水量资源变化特征进行相关分析。结果表明:近58a沈阳春播期降水量整体呈现弱的增加趋势,平均每10a增加3.1mm,2004年开始降水量迅速增加,且波动性较大,降水量异常偏多或偏少年份较多,易诱发春旱春涝事件。春播期首场透雨出现日期平均每10a偏晚0.051d,首场透雨日期偏晚,将导致春播期前期雨水条件不足,引起土壤干旱,不利于春播开展。最大连续无有效降水日数呈波动性增加趋势,平均每10a增加0.56d,对4月降水量影响较大,虽然春播期降水资源总量增加,但存在降水资源时间分配不均的问题,且长时间无有效降水事件频发,将导致春播期干旱灾害事件发生风险加大,导致适播期延后。  相似文献   

USING A COMBINED SLOPE HYDROLOGY/STABILITY MODEL TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE CONDITIONS FOR LANDSLIDE PREVENTION BY VEGETATION IN THE HUMID TROPICS     

A. J. C. COLLISON  M. G. ANDERSON 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(8):737-747

The susceptibility of cut slopes to landsliding can be reduced in certain circumstances by the establishment of a vegetation cover. However, the hydrological implications of allowing a cover to develop may offset the mechanical benefits of soil reinforcement by roots. The balance between hydrological and mechanical effects is critical on slopes which are susceptible to the development of an infiltration-induced transitory perched water table, a common cause of landslides in deep, tropical residual soils. This balance is likely to change both between slopes of different types as well as temporally on any given slope. The net effect of a vegetation cover must be predicted either before natural vegetation covers are allowed to encroach on bare slopes, or if engineers are considering the use of trees as a protective measure. This paper presents a method of calculating the impact of a vegetation cover on slope stability. Simulations carried out on a wide range of slope types suggest that where failure is most likely to be triggered by infiltration rather than ground water rise, large-scale vegetation covers may contribute to instability. Whether vegetation had a positive or negative impact on slope stability was controlled by the permeability of the soil matrix, whilst the magnitude of impact was controlled by the soil strength and the slope height.  相似文献   

可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度时空变异性及影响因素分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马廷 《地理科学进展》2006,25(1):72-81

本文以厦门市为例,首先对PM10平均浓度数据进行趋势性、周期性和空间变异性进行分析,然后分析了气温、降水强度、降水日数、风向等气候因子对PM10浓度变化在时间上的影响,同时使用了交叉相关分析的方法对月平均降水日数和PM10大气污染指数(API)为优(PM10浓度<0.05mg/m3)的月内天数百分比的相关性进行分析,最后利用从遥感影像获取的地表覆盖数据,分析了土地利用类型与局部PM10年平均浓度的关系。分析结果表明：厦门市PM10浓度年内变化无明显的上升和下降的趋势,但有显著的周期性,分别为3、7和29天,气候因素对PM10浓度的变化有显著的影响,其中月平均降水日数对API为优的月内天数百分比的影响有明显的滞后性,滞后周期大约为3个月,局部PM10年均浓度与该地区的土地覆盖类型有明显的相关性,并且植被覆盖的比例越大,该地区的PM10年平均浓度就越小。  相似文献