全文获取类型
收费全文 | 659篇 |
免费 | 243篇 |
国内免费 | 365篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 79篇 |
大气科学 | 512篇 |
地球物理 | 158篇 |
地质学 | 286篇 |
海洋学 | 131篇 |
天文学 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 47篇 |
自然地理 | 48篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 47篇 |
2015年 | 40篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 69篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 68篇 |
2010年 | 58篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 63篇 |
2007年 | 68篇 |
2006年 | 62篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1267条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
In Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), the establishment of woody vegetation refers to flowering, fertiliza- tion, seed production, germination, and the growth of tree seedlings. It determines not only the population densities but also other important ecosystem structural variables. In current DGVMs, establishments of woody plant functional types (PFTs) are assumed to be either the same in the same grid cell, or largely stochastic. We investigated the uncertainties in the competition of establishment among coexisting woody PFTs from three aspects: the dependence of PFT establishments on vegetation states; background establishment; and relative establishment potentials of different PFTs. Sensitivity experi- ments showed that the dependence of establishment rate on the fractional coverage of a PFT favored the dominant PFT by increasing its share in establishment. While a small background establishment rate had little impact on equilibrium states of the ecosystem, it did change the timescale required for the establishment of alien species in pre-existing forest due to their disadvantage in seed competition during the early stage of invasion. Meanwhile, establishment purely fiom background (the scheme commonly used in current DGVMs) led to inconsistent behavior in response to the change in PFT specification (e.g., number of PFTs and their specification). Furthermore, the results also indicated that trade-off between irtdividual growth and reproduction/colonization has significant influences on the competition of establishment. Hence, further development of es- tablishment parameterization in DGVMs is essential in reducing the uncertainties in simulations of both ecosystem structures and successions. 相似文献
102.
Improvement of the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme in the GRAPES model: Theoretical analysis and idealized tests 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) is the newgeneration numerical weather predic- tion (NWP) system developed by the China Meteorological Administration. It is a fully compressible non-hydrostatical global/regional unified model that uses a traditional semi-Lagrangian advection scheme with cubic Lagrangian interpola tion (referred to as the SL_CL scheme). The SL_CL scheme has been used in many operational NWP models, but there are still some deficiencies, such as the damping effects due to the interpolation and the relatively low accuracy. Based on Reich's semi-Lagrangian advection scheme (referred to as the R2007 scheme), the Re_R2007 scheme that uses the low- and high-order B-spline function for interpolation at the departure point, is developed in this paper. One- and two-dimensional idealized tests in the rectangular coordinate system with uniform grid cells were conducted to compare the Re..R2007 scheme and the SL_CL scheme. The numerical results showed that: (1) the damping effects were remarkably reduced with the Re_R2007 scheme; and (2) the normalized errors of the Re_R2007 scheme were about 7.5 and 3 times smaller than those of the SL_CL scheme in one- and two-dimensional tests, respectively, indicating the higher accuracy of the Re..R2007 scheme. Furthermore, two solid-body rotation tests were conducted in the latitude-longitude spherical coordinate system with non uniform grid cells, which also verified the Re_R2007 scheme's advantages. Finally, in comparison with other global advection schemes, the Re_R2007 scheme was competitive in terms of accuracy and flow independence. An encouraging possibility for the application of the Re_R2007 scheme to the GRAPES model is provided. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
分析滑坡区隧道的主要病害特征和滑坡与隧道病害的相互关系。对隧道区的滑坡防治进行系统的分析与研究,针对性地提出了安全、经济的防治方案,为今后隧道区的滑坡防治方案提供参考。 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
感潮河网水流不仅受径流、潮汐动力的双重影响,还常受水闸调度等人类活动的影响,水动力条件极为复杂。针对水闸调度影响下感潮河网复杂水动力及其伴随物质输移扩散模拟,提出了考虑水闸调度并集成输运对流项的水流-输运通量耦合求解器,建立了基于非结构网格Godunov格式的二维水流-输运耦合数学模型。采用具有时空二阶精度的MUSCL-Hancock预测-校正格式,结合变量重构限制器技术,在保证计算精度的同时避免了数值振荡。运用斜底三角单元网格表达水闸线状地形,并通过地形调整模拟了水闸启闭过程。算例研究表明,该模型计算精度高,可有效模拟水闸调度影响下感潮河网水流运动及污染物输运过程,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
109.
介绍一种在高精度三维地形模型的基础上,通过导入道路规划设计快速生成三维道路模型,并进行土石方量计算等量化分析的方法。基于三维道路模型,可以开展各类可视化分析和规划管理工作,为非专业人士理解规划设计意图提供了直观的方式。最后,以典型示范应用为例,说明研究成果可应用的领域和效果。 相似文献
110.
针对《激光雷达技术原理》课程,结合国际权威著作和最新研究及应用成果确定教学内容,提出了“了解-新型传感器原理”“熟悉——激光扫描仪操作”和“掌握—激光点云数据后处理方法”的由浅入深、理论实践结合的教学方法,旨在让学生更好地掌握现代的测绘高新技术,全面提升学生的自主学习、分析问题、解决问题和创新思维的能力. 相似文献