DEVEX-disdrometer evaluation experiment: Basic results and implications for hydrologic studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Witold F. Krajewski  Anton Kruger  Clelia Caracciolo  Peter Golé  Laurent Barthes  Jean-Dominique Creutin  Jean-Yves Delahaye  Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos  Fred Ogden  Jean-Paul Vinson 《Advances in water resources》2006

Increasing our understanding of the small scale variability of drop size distributions (DSD), and therefore of several bulk characteristics of rainfall processes, has major implications for our interpretation of the remote sensing based estimates of precipitation and its uncertainty. During the spring and summer of 2002 the authors conducted the DEVEX experiment (disdrometer evaluation experiment) to compare measurements of natural rain made with three different types of disdrometers collocated at the Iowa City Municipal Airport in Iowa City, Iowa in the Midwestern United States. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the instruments rather than analysis of the hydrometeorological aspects of the observed events. The comparison demonstrates discrepancies between instruments. The authors discuss the systematic and random effects in terms of rainfall quantities, drop size distribution properties, and the observed drop size vs. velocity relationships. Since the instruments were collocated, the effects of the natural variability of rain are reduced some with time integration, isolating the instrumental differences. The authors discuss the status of DSD measurement technologies and the implications for a range of hydrologic applications from remote sensing of rainfall to atmospheric deposition to soil erosion and sediment transport in the environment. The data set collected during the DEVEX experiment is made available to the research community.  相似文献   

Geomorphic characteristics of the Minjiang drainage basin (eastern Tibetan Plateau) and its tectonic implications: New insights from a digital elevation model study   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hui-Ping  Zhang  Shao-Feng  Liu  Nong  Yang  Yue-Qiao  Zhang  Guo-Wei  Zhang 《Island Arc》2006,15(2):239-250

Abstract   The Minshan Mountain and adjacent region are the major continental escarpments along the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The Minjiang drainage basin is located within the plateau margin adjacent to the Sichuan Basin. Based on the analysis of the digital elevation model (DEM) acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), we know that the Minjiang drainage basin has distinct geomorphic characteristics. The regular increasing of local topographic relief from north to south is a result of the Quaternary sediment deposition within the plateau and the holistic uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau versus the Sichuan Basin. Results from DEM-determined Minjiang drainage sub-basins and channel profiles show that the tributaries on the opposite sides are asymmetric. Lower perimeter and area of drainage sub-basins, total channel length and bifurcation ratio within eastern flank along the Minjiang mainstream are the result of the Quaternary differential uplift of the Minshan Mountain region. Shorter stream lengths and lower bifurcation ratio might be the indications of the undergrowth and newborn features of these eastern streams, which are also representative for the eastern uplift of the Minshan Mountain.  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达网资料的三维格点化及拼图方法研究   总被引：31，自引：6，他引：31  

肖艳姣  刘黎平 《气象学报》2006,64(5):647-657

文中研究了几种把球坐标系下的雷达网反射率体扫资料插值到统一的笛卡尔坐标系下的经纬度网格上以及用多个雷达的反射率网格资料进行三维拼图的方法,并对多个雷达同步观测的反射率因子的空间一致性、系统误差以及雷达等距离线上回波的水平和垂直结构进行了分析。结果发现:在雷达资料格点化过程中,径向和方位上的最近邻居法和垂直方向的线性内插法的结合(NVI方法)是一种有效的雷达资料分析方法,它既能得到空间比较连续的反射率分析场,同时也较好地保留了体扫资料中原有的反射率结构特征;广州雷达和梅州雷达同步观测的空间一致性比较好;在多个雷达资料合成拼图的过程中,距离指数权重平均法能提供空间连续的三维反射率拼图数据,拼图也减轻了由雷达波束几何学引起的各种问题。  相似文献   

基于实测值分段线性内插模型的InSAR视线向同震位错分解-以青藏高原昆仑山MemＳsub8.1地震为例x,auto,auto,415px);}stylehf=httprztl.com business week launch   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

马超  单新建 《地震学报》2006,28(1):98-104

利用现场GPS定位的实测值，在尝试过最小二乘拟合并取得初步成果的基础上，进而采用更符合破裂带形态的线性立方插值函数，在破裂带主断面上，建立起一种理论与实测相结合的InSAR视线向(LOS)变化量的分解方程，得到了InSAR视线向位移分解的具有唯一性的解析解. 本文的解析法吸纳了GPS定点实测值的精度优势，利用InSAR全天候、准实时获取连续形变场的技术特点，通过数学近似，最终获得了主破裂带上连续变化的水平位错及垂直位错同震形变曲线.   相似文献   

巴姆地震变形场和应力场：Ⅰ．用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

凌勇 曾祺明罗扬  赵永红 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2367-2374

本文对2003年12月26日伊朗东南部克尔曼省巴姆地区发生的6.6级地震产生的位移场、应变场和应力降分布进行了定量研究。首先从差分干涉雷达(D～InSAR)出发,求解出此次地震的同震干涉条纹和雷达视线方向的位移场,并从雷达干涉的相干图上清楚的观察到了发震断层的痕迹,得出此次地震的发震断层是巴姆断层以西的隐伏断层的结论。然后结合 Harvard 的 CMT(震源机制解)结果、Nakamura 的断层结果(Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层)以及本文 D-InSAR 求解出的发震断层结果,利用 Okada 程序,计算出此次地震的北、东、垂向三个位移分量,投影得到雷达视线方向的位移,将投影结果与由 D-InSAR得到的位移场比较,看到我们所讨论的断层模式可以很好的解释差分干涉雷达的观测结果,可以合理的解释 Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层为此次地震的发震破裂断层,通过分析地震的破坏程度分布图,隐伏断层为发震断层的解释可以很好的符合巴姆地震的等震分布图。最后,本文利用 Okada 程序计算得到了此次地震所产生的应变场和应力降场。  相似文献   

Doppler radar observation, CG lightning activity and aerial survey of a multiple downburst in southern Germany on 23 March 2001     

Nikolai Dotzek  Peter Lang  Martin Hagen  Thorsten Fehr  Werner Hellmiss 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):519-533

Two downburst events from one thunderstorm are investigated, which occurred on 23 March 2001, in Germany's climatologic annual minimum of downburst activity. Observations by two Doppler radars are combined with hail reports, ground lightning detection and an aerial survey conducted after the event. The downburst-producing storm had formed at a synoptic convergence line within the warm sector of a cyclone. It had a remarkably high propagation speed of up to 31 m s^− 1 corresponding to the mid-tropospheric flow. Thus, by superposition with the storm motion, even two weak downbursts were sufficient to cause the observed damage of F1 and F2 intensity, respectively. While in its late stages, the storm was dynamically characterized by lower- and mid-tropospheric divergence; at about the time of the first downburst, a mesocyclonic vortex signature was verified. Aside from mid-tropospheric dry air entrainment, a thermodynamic explanation for the triggering of the two downbursts by melting of small hail according to recent findings by Atlas et al. [Atlas, D., Ulbrich, C.W., Williams, C.R., 2004. Physical origin of a wet microburst: observations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1186–1196] appears probable. Despite the lack of warnings to the public, the storm's potential for hail and strong straight-line winds was detected by the German weather service radar software CONRAD more than a half hour before the downbursts occurred.  相似文献   

植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨同敏  谢拥军  王鹏  杨锐 《地球物理学报》2007,50(2):605-610

本文给出了地面植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究方法.在以往的相关文献中，均采用自由空间格林函数求解单个叶片散射体的散射场，本文利用半空间并矢格林函数求出了单个散射体的散射场，然后运用Monte Carlo方法模拟生成地面植被层，得到了在半空间下植被层的电磁散射特性，计算出了单、双站雷达散射截面，并与自由空间下的散射场做了相互对比.结果表明，在半空间格林函数下得到的散射场更为适用于描述地面植被的电磁散射特性.  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE CAUSE OF HEAVY RAIN 200506 （HR200506） IN GUANGDONG     

郑彬  林爱兰  袁金南  谷德军  李春晖  梁建茵 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2007,13(2):145-148

A continuous heavy rain visited Guangdong province during June 18-25, 2005 (named Heavy Rain 200506, HR200506) and had resulted in enormous economic loss. The ageostropic Q vectors, θse,meridional circulation, computed from the NCEP reanalysis, and TBB are used to study the rainfall processes. The results indicated that a convective system moved northwards from the South China Sea (SCS)and stayed in Guangdong for several days, which was a direct cause of HR200506. The process is a result of the activity of the South China Sea summer monsoon. There were two rainbands of HR200506 in Guangdong. One laid in the north of Guangdong that produced frontal rainfall; another situated on the south of Guangdong which produced monsoon rainfall.  相似文献   

一次局地冰雹的新一代天气雷达回波演变特征分析     

谢向阳  张平文  刘臣亮 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(5):42-43

2004年5月31日20时40分至21时15分,兵团农六师芳新垦区出现了一次局地冰雹天气,冰雹直径为0.5～0.8cm,但冰雹密度大,致使芳草湖农场353hm2棉花受灾。本文应用雷达的二次产品及回波特征对局地冰雹的发展、演变进行分析,对发展迅速的局地冰雹云的雷达识别和准确预报冰雹落区是有意义的。  相似文献   

春季一次暴雪过程的多普勒雷达动力学诊断   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

苗爱梅  安炜  刘月丽  胡志群  李清华 《气象》2007,33(2):57-61

利用太原C波段多普勒天气雷达基数据资料和自动雨量站资料，对2006年4月11日发生在山西省的一次区域性暴雪过程进行了分析。应用改进的EVAD技术，定量计算垂直高度层的平均散度和平均垂直速度，并分析平均散度和平均垂直速度随时间和高度的变化以及与降雪的对应关系。结果表明：2．5km以下始终维持一个较强的上升气流，是强降雪维持的基本动力条件；整层出现辐合上升运动，且强上升速度中心的高度随时间的演变逐渐下降，同时中高层出现强辐散下沉气流与之配合时，未来2小时将出现强降雪；降雪的强度与雷达探测范围内各高度层的辐舍、辐散有着密切的关系，且辐合、辐散的增强与减弱时间早于降雪强度的增大和减小时间，这对预报降雪的生消、雪强的增大与减小提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献