0214号热带气旋强度突变的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王远超 《海洋预报》2006,23(1):44-47

本文通过对0214号“黄蜂”强度变化的研究表明,弱冷空气、中尺度涡旋及副高加强西伸相互作用,导致其周围风场、物理量场、能量场、云系均出现有利结构,从而使其强度发生突变。  相似文献   

快速射线追踪及其在地震层析中的应用     

王修琼  姚政生 《内陆地震》1990,4(1):27-32

在地震层析研究中,常常涉及地震波在非均匀介质中的传播路径问题,故快速射线追踪是不可缺少的工具。本文讨论了一种以三点法为基础的逐步逼近的射线追踪方法,其优点是计算速度快、精度高,适合地震层析研究的计算要求。  相似文献   

西北太平洋迅速加强热带气旋的统计特征和识别预报试验     

李勋  赵声蓉  王勇  吴俞  李玉梅 《气象科技》2016,44(4):585-595

利用2000—2014年热带气旋(TC)最佳路径、最终分析资料和静止卫星红外云顶亮温(TBB)资料,对比分析了西北太平洋(WNP),以及南海(SCS)的迅速加强(RI),与非迅速加强(non-RI)TC样本的环境背景和TBB统计特征,其中non-RI样本细分为不同的强度变化率即:缓慢加强(SI),强度稳定、缓慢减弱和迅速减弱等。结果表明,相对于SI,WNP海域的RI样本处于海表温度较高、海洋上层热容量较大、最大可能强度较大、高层辐散较强、风垂直切变(VWS)较弱和高层纬向风(U200)偏东分量较大等环境背景条件下;SCS海域的RI样本较易发生在VWS较弱的环境背景条件下。此外,相对于non-RI,支持RI发展的有利条件还包括中低层相对湿度较大、高层环境温度较低等。RI样本通常具备的TBB特征为TC内核的对流云覆盖率较大、TBB平均值相对较小。采用K最近邻分类算法进行RI预报试验,交叉检验结果表明,该方法对RI样本有一定的识别预报能力,RI样本概括率达到74.2%,技巧评分达到0.717。  相似文献   

台风“威马逊”近海加强及引发广西异常暴雨分析     

高安宁  李菁  陈见  祁丽燕 《气象科技》2016,44(4):653-658

利用MICAPS常规资料、中尺度自动站资料以及NCEP、ECMWF等数值预报产品资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对1409号超强台风"威马逊"近海加强、造成广西异常暴雨的成因进行分析。结果表明:1"威马逊"经过的海域温度异常偏高,西南季风急流增强,以及垂直风切变小,有利于"威马逊"近海加强;2"威马逊"与季风急流在海南文昌近海相遇,促使台风中心附近潜热能持续增大,暖心结构更趋于完整,是"威马逊"强度突然加强的重要原因;3充沛的水汽输送和水汽辐合、强烈的上升运动是造成"威马逊"异常暴雨的重要原因。  相似文献   

台湾地形诱生中尺度系统对台风Meranti(1010)迅速加强影响的数值研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛霖  李英 《大气科学》2016,40(6):1107-1116

台风Meranti（1010）北上进入台湾海峡过程中迅速加强,登陆时达到其最大强度。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所最佳路径资料、NCEP GFS 0.5°×0.5°资料及中尺度数值模式WRF,诊断分析台湾地形诱生的中尺度系统对台风Meranti迅速加强的影响。研究发现,Meranti在进入海峡过程中,台湾地形在台湾海峡内诱生出中尺度涡旋,激发中尺度扰动波列,加强台风环流内的垂直运动。台风水汽、热量的收支诊断表明,强烈的上升运动使热量和水汽向上输送,加强台风内的积云对流和潜热释放,使其强度增强。计算台湾地形诱生中尺度系统与台风间的动能交换发现,中尺度系统通过加强垂直运动向台风中高层输送涡动动能,使中尺度系统动能向台风动能转换,为Meranti的迅速加强提供能源。敏感性试验表明,如果台湾地形不存在,中尺度系统消失,台风的水汽、热量的向上输送和积云对流明显减弱,Meranti则不能达到迅速加强标准。  相似文献   

Mapping rice-fallow cropland areas for short-season grain legumes intensification in South Asia using MODIS 250 m time-series data     

Murali Krishna Gumma  Prasad S. Thenkabail  Pardharsadhi Teluguntla  Mahesh N. Rao  Irshad A. Mohammed  Anthony M. Whitbread 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(10):981-1003

The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia, using MODIS 250?m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow period. Rice-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season (June–October), followed by a fallow during the rabi season (November–February). These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs, but are suitable for a short -season (≤3 months), low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), black gram, green gram, and lentils. Intensification (double-cropping) in this manner can improve smallholder farmer’s incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand croplands. Several grain legumes, primarily chickpea, are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the region. The suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers: (a) rice crop is grown during the primary (kharif) crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season (June–October); (b) same croplands are left fallow during the second (rabi) season or during the south-east monsoon season (November–February); and (c) ability to support low water-consuming, short-growing season (≤3 months) grain legumes (chickpea, black gram, green gram, and lentils) during rabi season. Existing irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season, because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too high. The study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 250?m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series for one year (June 2010–May 2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, using spectral matching techniques (SMTs), and extensive field knowledge. Map accuracy was evaluated based on independent ground survey data as well as compared with available sub-national level statistics. The producers’ and users’ accuracies of the cropland fallow classes were between 75% and 82%. The overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient estimated for rice classes were 82% and 0.79, respectively. The analysis estimated approximately 22.3?Mha of suitable rice-fallow areas in South Asia, with 88.3% in India, 0.5% in Pakistan, 1.1% in Sri Lanka, 8.7% in Bangladesh, 1.4% in Nepal, and 0.02% in Bhutan. Decision-makers can target these areas for sustainable intensification of short-duration grain legumes.  相似文献   

2016年6月23日江苏阜宁龙卷的高分辨快速更新同化预报与分析1     

李佳  陈葆德  张旭  黄伟 《大气科学》2017,41(6):1221-1233

基于3 km水平分辨率的第二代华东快速更新循环同化预报模式系统,对2016年6月23日江苏阜宁龙卷个例预报结果进行了分析,通过螺旋度的时间演变等讨论了龙卷母体—对流单体的发展过程,并对比了有无同化的预报结果。结果表明,快速更新循环同化系统在阜宁附近模拟出了类似龙卷母体的涡旋结构,同时伴随有剧烈的上升运动,模拟的发生时间与发展过程与实况基本吻合。但模拟的涡旋发生在江苏阜宁北侧,与观测相比偏差20多公里,且最大地面风速较实况小。进一步分析表明,该对流单体从中层上升运动开始,随着上升区向上和向下发展,首先在中高空出现剧烈的上升运动,z螺旋度增大,高层辐散加强,x螺旋度增大,随后中低空的垂直运动也增强,y螺旋度增大,低层辐合增强,最后随着高层辐散和垂直运动的减弱,低层涡旋减弱并消散。北京时间14:00没有进行观测资料同化预报结果中,在阜宁附近没有预报出类似的对流单体,表明逐小时循环同化对此次龙卷天气的模拟起着关键作用。  相似文献   

T-E染色法用于对虾暴发性流行病的现场快速诊断   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

黄倢  杨丛海  于佳  宋晓玲 《海洋科学》1995,19(1):29-34

用Ｔ－Ｅ染色法可对该病进行现场快速诊断。取发病对虾的胃上皮区组织 或鳃组织，用Ｔ－Ｅ染液进行压片染色，可观察到上皮细胞核和结缔组织细胞核的病 毒性病理变化：细胞核质被挤到核的边沿，核内空泡化。发病严重的对虾胞核显著 膨大，核内呈嗜伊红着色。用这一染色法在现场仅需１０ｍｉｎ就可掌握对虾的细胞病 理变化，诊断结果与组织切片的Ｈ－Ｅ染色法一致。  相似文献   

Importance of tropical cyclone heat potential for tropical cyclone intensity and intensification in the Western North Pacific     

Akiyoshi Wada  Norihisa Usui 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):427-447

Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification.  相似文献   

溶藻弧菌的间接荧光抗体快速检测   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

王军  鄢庆枇  苏永全  张纹 《海洋科学》2002,26(7):1-4

建立了大黄鱼病原溶藻弧菌的间接荧光抗体检测方法，溶藻弧菌的特异性抗血清由新西兰兔制备，试管凝集法测定抗血清及交叉反应效价，吸附离心法去除交叉反应，荧光抗体为异硫氰酸荧光素标记的羊抗兔免疫球蛋白，现场检测对具典型弧菌病表症大黄鱼病原检出率为100％，表观健康大黄鱼病原检出率为30％，养殖海水检测结果均为阴性，结果表明，间接荧光抗体检测法不仅可以用于已感染发病大黄鱼的快速检测，而且还能用于已感染未发病大黄鱼的检测。  相似文献