京津冀地区冬半年污染传输特征及传输指数的改进   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

花丛  刘超  张恒德  江琪 《气象》2017,43(7):813-822

文章通过轨迹聚类、潜在源区分析等方法对京津冀地区冬半年污染物传输特征进行了分析,在此基础上对传输指数的构建方法进行了改进,并结合一次重污染天气过程分析了其作用。结果表明,对于北京、天津和石家庄,其重污染轨迹出现概率从高到低均为偏南路径、偏西路径、偏东路径和西北路径;在近地面高度上,西南和东南风的增强在大多时候成为北京的污染物传输通道,其中东南方向的污染物来源主要集中在大气低层;改进后的传输指数能够更好地反映外来传输作用对本地污染物浓度的影响,京津冀及周边地区的传输作用对北京、天津和石家庄等大城市的污染物浓度影响较明显,其中城郊及周边地区的近距离传输影响最为显著;合理应用传输指数可以对重污染天气的成因进行初步判断。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of larval shrimp dispersion in the Northern Region of the Gulf of California     

S. G. Marinone  O. Q. Gutirrez  A. Pars-Sierra 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):611-617

The trajectories of shrimp larvae in the northern part of the Gulf of California were studied from a Lagrangian point of view using a three-dimensional numerical model. The advection of particles was carried out over fortnightly periods starting at spring and neap tides. The northernmost region of the gulf has important shrimp fisheries and nursery areas have been located off the coast of Baja California at San Felipe (SF) and off the Sonora coast at Santa Clara (SC). Though the reproduction zone is believed to be south of these nursery areas, there is much that remains unknown about the zone and the routes used by shrimps to reach these areas. Passive and active simulations of shrimp larvae drift were carried out in order to study the possible areas of shrimp spawning and their migratory routes. The active migration schemes were based on assumptions that the larvae can be advected only: (1) during the day, (2) at night or (3) when the currents flow in the northward direction toward the nursery areas. It was found that the larvae in Santa Clara and San Felipe came from different production zones. No differences were found between the spring and neap tide scenarios except for the diurnal migration experiments. The distance traveled by shrimp larvae was always less than 40–50 km, except in the cases when the larvae selected the appropriate direction to the nursery areas when the larvae travel 140 km to SC and 95 km to SF.  相似文献   

青岛市后海岸滩填海造地工程的动态管理     

王莉 《海岸工程》1997,(3)

青岛市后海岸滩建设开发改造工程，在建设过程中，对一些重大项目实行了动态管理，从而缩短了工期，提高了工程质量，减少了工程投资，提高了经济效益，实现了多快好省的建设目标。依据参与该动态管理的实践，介绍了就工程实行动态管理及需注意的问题。  相似文献   

崖门出海东航道挖槽定床浑水淤积模型试验     

卢无疆  金建新 《海洋工程》1995,(1)

崖门西江出海深水航道北起崖门口，南至荷包岛─高栏岛，全长约３８ｋｍ，是一条穿越黄茅海水域的重要通航水道。由于崖门外两侧围垦，海域水下地形的滩槽处于不断演变之中。近年来，深泓局部地段淤积逐步加重，已显著碍航。这与黄茅海水域的水动力因素、泥沙运动以及含盐度特征有密切联系。根据这些因素的季节、年变化特征以及航道的特点，本文进行了崖门东航道栏门沙段概化的定床浑水回淤模型试验，采用具有代表性的回淤强度（量）计算公式，进行计算与分析比较。试验结果和试挖槽实际回淤强度资料较吻合，将为今后的工程施工方案的选择提供较可靠的科学依据。  相似文献   

Assessment of water exchange between a discharge region and the open sea – A comparison of different methodological concepts     

Kristofer Ds  Anders Engqvist 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):709

Two different methods of estimating the water exchange through the Baltic coastal region of Laxemar have been used, consisting of particle trajectories and passive tracers. Water is traced from and to a small discharge region near the coast. The discharge material in this region is treated as zero-dimensional particles or tracers with neutral buoyancy. The real discharge material could be a leakage of radio-nuclides through the sea floor from an underground repository of nuclear waste.Water exchange rates between the discharge region and the model domain are estimated using both forward and backward trajectories as well as passive tracers. The Lagrangian trajectories can account for the time evolution of the water exchange while the tracers give one average age per model grid box. Water exchange times such as residence time, age and transient times have been calculated with trajectories but only the average age (AvA) for tracers. The trajectory calculations provide a more detailed time evolution than the tracers.On the other hand the tracers are integrated “on-line” simultaneously in the sea circulation model with the same time step while the Lagrangian trajectories are integrated “off-line” from the stored model velocities with its inherent temporal resolution, presently 1 h. The sub-grid turbulence is parameterised as the Laplacian diffusion for the passive tracers and with an extra stochastic velocity for trajectories. The importance of the parameterised sub-grid turbulence for the trajectories is estimated to give an extra diffusion of the same order as the Laplacian diffusion by comparing the Lagrangian dispersions with and without parameterisation. The results of the different methods are similar but depend on the chosen diffusivity coefficient with a slightly higher correlation between trajectories and tracers when integrated with a lower diffusivity coefficient.  相似文献   

A 2D Mathematical Model for Sediment Transport by Waves and Tidal Currents   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

陆永军左利钦  邵学军王红川 李浩麟 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):571-586

In this study, the combined actions of waves and tidal currents in estuarine and coastal areas are considered and a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport by waves and tidal currents has been established in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Non-equilibrium transport equations of suspended load and bed load are used in the model. The concept of background concentration is introduced, and the formula of sediment transport capacity of tidal currents for the Oujiang River estuary is obtained. The Dou Guoren formula is employed for the sediment transport capacity of waves. Sediment transport capacity in the form of mud and the intensity of back silting are calculated by use of Luo Zaosen＇ s formula. The calculated tidal stages are in good agreement with the field data, and the calculated velocities and flow directions of 46 vertical lines for 8 cross sections are also in good agreement with the measured data. On such a basis, simulations of back silting after excavation of the waterway with a sand bar under complicated boundary conditions in the navigation channel induced by suspended load, bed load and mud by waves and tidal currents are discussed.  相似文献   

基于区块链的论文评审及追溯系统     

丁勇  相恒奎  袁方  罗得寸  刘林刚  邹秀清  唐晨钧 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(5):551-558

移动互联网时代,人们在学习专业知识信息的方式越来越便捷的同时,学术论文抄袭、造假等问题也日益受到关注.而随着以比特币为主要代表的数字货币的出现,其底层用到的区块链技术也快速地进入人们的视线.本文根据区块链技术的去中心化、去信任、可追溯等特性,提出了一种基于区块链的论文评审及追溯系统.本系统在解决中心化的系统带来的高成本、安全性等问题的同时,对论文以及论文发布审核的过程进行检索、记录、存储,使得论文的发布检索审核等过程变得安全、可以追溯.  相似文献   

曲率积分约束的GPS浮动车地图匹配方法     

曾喆  李清泉  邹海翔  万剑华 《测绘学报》2015,44(10):1167-1176

提出了以轨迹曲线的曲率积分值作为地图匹配特征的匹配方法,利用轨迹曲率积分值约束前后相邻轨迹点的关联匹配,采用不同类型行驶路径以及不同采样间隔,实施了浮动车地图匹配试验,结果表明,以匹配正确率和稳定性评判,本文提出的曲率积分约束的浮动车地图匹配方法优于现有的未采用曲率特征匹配的经典浮动车地图匹配方法。  相似文献   

Longitudinal analysis of the road network development and land-cover change in Lop Buri province, Thailand, 1989-2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Risa Patarasuk  Michael W. Binford 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):228-239

Land use and land-cover change (LUCC) is mainly a consequence of human activities such as road network development. In Thailand, the explicit objective of road network development has been to foster economic and social development. The extent of change in roads and land-cover change in Lop Buri between 1989-2006 is analyzed. We hypothesized that road development is a key driver of land-cover change and will cause, substantial changes in areas of forest cover, cultivated food and cash crops. We used land-cover classifications of Landsat imagery and resultant class trajectories to measure change. We then analyzed the relationships between roads, land-cover types, and land-cover trajectories. Overall, cash crops increased while forest and food crops declined between 1989-2006. The relationships between distance to roads and land- cover trajectories indicate that as the distance to roads increase, there are fewer changes in LUCC. The results suggest that in this case study, an increase in road network contributes to an increase in upland crops. In turn, the increase in upland crop production is one of the factors linked to economic development.  相似文献   

隧洞工程弹性参数反演的可辨识性及量测优化布置探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

余远国  沈成武 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3604-3612

探讨依据完备的量测信息开展弹性参数反演的可辨识性及量测的优化布置,对于指导岩土工程反演实践具有重要的实用价值。利用平面弹性复变函数方法和一般弹性理论,推导出任意形状隧洞的位移、应力解析表达式,基于隧洞围岩位移、应力的解析解,依据参数可辨识条件和量测优化布置的最灵敏原则,探讨了地下隧洞工程弹性反演参数的可辨识性及测点优化布置,并通过算例进行了验证。研究表明,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,只要测点布置方式适当、反演参数满足相应的限定条件,可同时惟一辨识出5个参数P、Q、M、E、μ。参数反演的可辨识性受隧洞形状复杂性的影响,随着隧洞复杂性的提高,参数可同时惟一辨识需满足的限制条件大为减少,对测点布置方式的要求也会降低。工程实践中,为避免量测数据的少量误差导致反演计算结果的大幅度波动,测点(线)应根据最灵敏原则优化选择各反演参数的灵敏系数最大的测点(线)组合进行量测布置。  相似文献