A thermo-mechanical coupled constitutive model for clay based on extended granular solid hydrodynamics     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

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云南铜厂沟Cu-Mo多金属矿花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征及其矿床成因     

彦廷龙 《地质与勘探》2016,52(6):1065-1075

铜厂沟铜钼多金属矿位于云南格咱岛弧成矿带的南延部分,是近几年成矿带内新发现的铜钼多金属矿床。区内的花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征研究结果显示,SiO_2含量是63.02%~69.60%,铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.65~1.05,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,全碱(K_2O+Na_2O)含量为6.19%~9.11%,相比中酸性岩石碱度较高。岩石中的轻稀土比较富集(LREE/HREE=15.48~21.15),轻重稀土分馏明显(La_N/Yb_N=30.44~38.66),δEu无明显异常,δCe弱负异常说明成矿作用是在氧化环境下进行。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE),指示岩石是与碰撞造山作用相关的花岗岩系列。从格咱岛弧北部的休瓦促向南到达铜厂沟,区内发育的燕山期酸性岩带呈NS向展布,向南侧伏,出露面积逐渐变小,剥蚀深度变浅。酸性岩带内形成一系列燕山期的大-中型钼(铜)多金属矿床,在纵向上(由浅至深)和横向上(从铜厂沟到休瓦促)具有相似的分带性,表现出成矿元素由中低温成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn到高温成矿元素Mo、W的分带特征。根据矿床地质背景和岩石地球化学特征,讨论了成矿物质来源和矿床成因,建立了成矿模式,以期对今后区内的找矿勘查和成矿预测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地东部沙帐地区中二叠统平地泉组一段致密油源储组合模式     

严锐涛 《地质与勘探》2016,52(4):783-790

综合利用录井、镜下薄片及压汞等资料,对准噶尔盆地东部沙帐地区中二叠统平地泉组一段致密油储集层岩性、储集空间和孔隙结构等特征进行了分析,在此基础上结合平一段致密油纵向岩性组合特征及源储关系,总结了平一段致密油源储组合模式。研究发现平一段致密油储集层岩性以碎屑岩为主,云质类岩石次之,储层孔隙结构具"粗态型"、"偏细态型"和"细态型",储集空间表现为常规孔隙与纳米孔隙并存;平一段源储组合表现为"泥包砂"、"砂包泥"和"砂泥互层"。研究表明:平一段储集层表现为致密储层特征,纳米孔喉是致密油储层的主体孔喉,平一段致密油具有源储一体型、源储交接型和源储隔离型三类组合模式。  相似文献   

Simulation of quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems in northern China: Lightning activities and storm structure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wanli Li  Xiushu Qie  Shenming Fu  Debin Su  Yonghai Shen 《大气科学进展》2016,33(1):85-100

Two intense quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems(QLMCSs) in northern China were simulated using the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model and the 3D-Var(three-dimensional variational) analysis system of the ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System) model.A new method in which the lightning density is calculated using both the precipitation and non-precipitation ice mass was developed to reveal the relationship between the lightning activities and QLMCS structures.Results indicate that,compared with calculating the results using two previous methods,the lightning density calculated using the new method presented in this study is in better accordance with observations.Based on the calculated lightning densities using the new method,it was found that most lightning activity was initiated on the right side and at the front of the QLMCSs,where the surface wind field converged intensely.The CAPE was much stronger ahead of the southeastward progressing QLMCS than to the back it,and their lightning events mainly occurred in regions with a large gradient of CAPE.Comparisons between lightning and non-lightning regions indicated that lightning regions featured more intense ascending motion than non-lightning regions;the vertical ranges of maximum reflectivity between lightning and non-lightning regions were very different;and the ice mixing ratio featured no significant differences between the lightning and non-lightning regions.  相似文献   

A microscale model for air pollutant dispersion simulation in urban areas: Presentation of the model and performance over a single building   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ning Zhang  Yunsong Du  Shiguang Miao 《大气科学进展》2016,33(2):184-192

A microscale air pollutant dispersion model system is developed for emergency response purposes. The model includes a diagnostic wind field model to simulate the wind field and a random-walk air pollutant dispersion model to simulate the pollutant concentration through consideration of the influence of urban buildings. Numerical experiments are designed to evaluate the model's performance, using CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Microscale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data, including wind fields and air pollutant dispersion around a single building. The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings and the dispersion model simulates the pollutant concentration around buildings well. Typically, the simulation errors come from the determination of the key zones around a building or building cluster. This model has the potential for multiple applications; for example, the prediction of air pollutant dispersion and the evaluation of environmental impacts in emergency situations; urban planning scenarios;and the assessment of microscale air quality in urban areas.  相似文献   

相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度对大气能见度的影响研究:基于小时资料的多站对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

樊高峰  马浩  张小伟  刘樱 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(6):959-973

为了全面分析浙江省不同区域能见度变化基本特征及影响机理,基于杭州、宁波、温州3个国家基本气象站2013-2014年逐时能见度观测资料,比较分析了3市能见度变化的基本特征。发现3市不同等级能见度出现频率基本一致,随着能见度等级的提高,出现频率逐渐降低;从能见度的日变化来看,07时（北京时）前后最低,之后缓慢上升,14-15时达到最高,随后逐渐下降;全年有两个能见度较低时段,分别出现在12月-次年2月和5-6月;总体而言,宁波能见度最优,杭州和温州大体相当。功率谱分析结果表明,3市能见度均有显著的日周期,高频波段呈现出多个显著谱峰,低频波段存在若干显著谱峰。进一步开展机理分析,发现相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度是调制大气能见度的关键因子,相对湿度增大、PM_2.5浓度升高导致能见度降低。在同一相对湿度等级下,初始阶段能见度随PM_2.5浓度的升高迅速降低,到达“拐点”之后降低速率趋于缓慢。在同一PM_2.5浓度水平下,相对湿度越大,能见度越低,说明水汽对能见度也有重要影响。基于相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度两个因子,采用非线性拟合方案构建了大气能见度定量统计模型,总体而言模型拟合效果较好。最后针对研究中存在的不足和未来值得进一步发掘的科学问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

黄海海雾WRF数值模拟中垂直分辨率的敏感性研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

杨悦  高山红 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(6):974-988

基于WRF模式探究不同垂直分辨率下模式对黄海海雾的模拟表现。将3种垂直分层方案（35η、44η与63η）和2种边界层方案（YSU、MYNN）组合,对10次海雾做模拟研究。统计分析了水平雾区与雾顶高度对垂直分辨率的敏感性,并利用1次典型个例剖析了雾顶长波辐射与雾体湍流的作用。统计结果显示,提高垂直分辨率能显著改进水平雾区的模拟效果,改善明显的个例在不同垂直分辨率试验下的雾顶高度差异也较大;YSU方案相比于MYNN方案更敏感,从35η层增至44η层其试验个例的击中率（POD）和公正预兆得分（ETS）的平均改进率分别提高了13.29%和10.22%。典型个例研究结果揭示,模式对雾顶长波辐射和雾体湍流作用的模拟程度强烈依赖垂直分辨率：粗垂直分辨率给出的湍流强度很弱,导致模拟失败;雾顶存在“云水含量增多→长波辐射增强→降温加大→云水含量增多”的正反馈过程,细垂直分辨率比粗垂直分辨率更容易维持与增强此反馈;只有细垂直分辨率才能模拟出雾顶长波辐射冷却产生的贯穿雾体直抵海面、强度不弱于近海面机械湍流的浮力湍流,它导致雾体降温而出现符合观测事实的海温高于气温的现象。  相似文献   

南京雷达数据的一致性分析和订正          下载免费PDF全文

朱艺青  王振会  李南  徐芬  韩静  楚志刚  张晗昀  焦鹏程 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(2):298-308

运用几何匹配法处理了南京雷达和热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)上搭载的测雨雷达(Precipitation Radar,PR)的反射率因子探测资料,统计分析了2008—2013年共245个时次的匹配数据。 以TRMM PR工作多年持续稳定特征为参照,揭示了南京雷达6 a的探测资料情况。结果表明,南京雷达和TRMM PR探测降水具有较强的一致性,6 a时间里南京雷达存在一定的运行不稳定情况,南京雷达0℃层以下数据存在“3段特征”:时段Ⅰ2008年1月—2010年3月,时段Ⅱ2010年3月—2013年5月,时段Ⅲ2013年5—10月。3个时段之间整体回波强度有差异,时段Ⅱ整体回波强度比时段Ⅰ、Ⅲ偏小2—3 dB;而3个时段内的回波整体保持相对的稳定,南京雷达与TRMM PR的回波强度差值随回波强度的变化呈线性关系;在中低回波值时TRMM PR比南京雷达大,在中高回波值时南京雷达比TRMM PR大。基于两种雷达回波强度值的拟合关系,对南京雷达的反射率因子进行分段线性订正,有效地改善了南京雷达的一致性:3个时段回波强度的整体差异减小到0.75 dB以内;在245个匹配时次和105894个匹配点上南京雷达和TRMM PR的反射率因子的相关系数增大,南京雷达-TRMM PR值的标准差减小。  相似文献   

Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas     

《Global Environmental Change》2016

Climate change impacts increase pressure on challenges to sustainability and the developmental needs of cities. Conventional, “hard” adaptation measures are often associated with high costs, inflexibility and conflicting interests related to the dense urban fabric, and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) has emerged as a potentially cost-efficient, comprehensive, and multifunctional approach. This paper reviews and systematises research on urban EbA. We propose an analytical framework that draws on theory from ecosystem services, climate change adaptation and sustainability science. It conceptualises EbA in terms of five linked components: ecological structures, ecological functions, adaptation benefits, valuation, and ecosystem management practices.Our review identified 110 articles, reporting on 112 cities, and analysed them using both quantitative statistical and qualitative content analysis. We found that EbA research in an urban context is fragmented due to different disciplinary approaches and concepts. Most articles focus on heat or flooding, and the most studied ecological structures for reducing the risk of such hazards are green space, wetlands, trees and parks. EbA is usually evaluated in bio-geophysical terms and the use of economic or social valuations are rare. While most articles do not mention specific practices for managing ecological structures, those that do imply that urban EbA strategies are increasingly being integrated into institutional structures. Few articles considered issues of equity or stakeholder participation in EbA.We identified the following challenges for future EbA research. First, while the large amount of data generated by isolated case studies contributes to systems knowledge, there is a lack of systems perspectives that position EbA in relation to the wider socio-economic and bio-geophysical context. Second, normative and ethical aspects of EbA require more thought, such as who are the winners and losers, especially in relation to processes that put people at risk from climate-related hazards. Third, there is room for more forward-looking EbA research, including consideration of future scenarios, experimentation in the creation of new ecological structures and the role of EbA in transformative adaptation.  相似文献   

Logistic判别模型在强降水预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张芳华  曹勇  徐珺  陶亦为  金荣花  代刊 《气象》2016,42(4):398-405

利用Logistiv判别模型进行强降水预报,并设计3种方案进行对比分析。方案1直接使用14个影响因子进行判别预报,受因子共线性作用及噪音信号影响,虽然拟合效果较好,但预报效果明显下降。方案2对14个影响因子进行主成分分析,利用前6个主成分建模,虽然拟合效果较方案1降低,但由于消除了因子共线性作用以及噪音信号影响,预报效果较方案1提高。方案3运用Bootstrap抽样技术得到符干样本并建模计算模型参数,打乱了原有时间序列中的波动,仪保留平稳信息,拟合自由度进一步降低,导致拟合效果较方案案2下降,但预报效果却是3种方案中最好且最稳定的。在上述研究基础上,利用欧洲中心数值预报模式的预报场资料,建立基于Logistic判别模型的强降水客观预报系统,并在中央气象台业务运行。2013和2014年连续两年汛期预报检验结果表明,概模型对强降水预报的TS评分高于数值模式本身,具有一定的业务参考价值。  相似文献