An experiment on induction of triploidy inEriocheir japonicus hepuensis Dai by heat treatment     

Lu Renhou  Zhang Jing  Liu Xiangyu  Yu Hongjun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(1):21-24

Temperature treatment to inhibit extrusion of the polar body of the egg was first used on a lower crustacean,Artemia salina (Gross, 1932), and then was used for inducing triploids of amphibian (Frankhauser and Griffiths, 1939), fish (Svardson, 1945), and mammal (Beatly and Fishchberg, 1949). So far, induction of triploidy has been extensively used to obtain sterile or quick-growth individuals in fish (Swarup, 1956; Lincoln, and Scott, 1983 and Thorgaard, 1986) and mollusk (Stanley et al., 1984), but similar work has not been reported on crab, a higher crustancean.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)肝胰腺内源酶性质的初步研究     

杨利珠  张莉  黄琳  孟祥红 《海洋科学》2016,40(10):97-104

内源酶是三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体内重要的酶,往往会导致梭子蟹死后肌肉组织迅速软化,严重影响了蟹肉的贮藏品质。为了探明该酶的基本特性,本试验从三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中提取了粗酶,优化了提取方法,并对其部分酶学性质进行初步研究。结果表明:三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺内源酶最佳浸提时间段为4～12 h,酶比活显著高于0～4 h和12～14 h;以酪蛋白为水解底物,内源酶作用最适温度为65℃、最适p H范围为7.0～8.0;丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂,包括大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI)和苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF),对内源酶活力的相对抑制率分别为100%、70.46%±6.27%,显著高于其他抑制剂的相对抑制率,推测丝氨酸蛋白酶为主要内源酶;在硫酸铵分级沉淀中,分别以酪蛋白和Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-MCA为底物,前者最适盐析浓度为0～70%,后者为30%～70%,酶比活显著高于其他盐浓度;当硫酸铵浓度为40%～60%时,盐析蛋白质含量、粗酶酶活和丝氨酸蛋白酶活均显著高于其他盐浓度。  相似文献   

Salinity tolerance of northern Brazilian mangrove crab larvae, Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae): Necessity for larval export?     

Karen Diele  Darlan J.B. Simith   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):600

The life cycle of the semiterrestrial mangrove crab Ucides cordatus includes pelagic larvae that are released into estuarine waters during the wet season and who may thus encounter potentially stressful low and variable salinity conditions. The effect of salinity on the survival of the zoea larvae, the number of zoeal stages and the duration of development from hatching to megalopa was experimentally studied by rearing larvae from the Caeté estuary, Northern Brazil, in seven salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30). For a better interpretation of the laboratory results, estuarine salinities were measured over five consecutive years during the species' reproductive season. The survival of the zoea larvae varied significantly with salinity, while the number of stages and the duration of their development remained constant. Development to megalopa took 20.77 ± 1.57 days and comprised five zoeal stages with ZI and ZII being euryhaline and later stages stenohaline. The newly hatched larvae stayed alive for up to 6 days in freshwater (average 4.32 ± 0.82 days), but did not moult to the second zoeal stage. ZII larvae first occurred from salinity 5 onwards and later zoeal stages at all tested salinities ≥10. However, the larvae only survived to megalopa at salinities ≥15, with highest numbers at salinity 30 (72%) and lowest at 15 (16%). Lethal salinities ≤10 occurred frequently in the estuary during the reproductive season. This suggests a need for larval export to offshore and thus more saline waters to allow for significant larval survival and maintenance of viable populations of this commercially important species. A regional rather than local approach for management is suggested due to the likelihood of long distance larval dispersal by offshore currents.  相似文献   

Biology and abundance of Cancer bellianus (Decapoda, Brachyura) around the Azores     

Pinho  M. R.; Goncalves  J. M.; Martins  H. R. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(4):896-903

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Physical forcing of onshore transport of crab megalopae in the northern Portuguese upwelling system     

Maria Joo Almeida  Henrique Queiroga 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):1091-1102

Wind-driven circulation is a mechanism that may be involved in the shoreward transport of invertebrate larvae. This study investigated the temporal variability of the supply of crab megalopae to an estuary located in the northwest coast of Portugal, which is affected by seasonal upwelling, and related variations in supply to several upwelling indices. Megalopae of the European common shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.). were collected daily, using artificial settlement substrates, during a 3-month period, from March 15 to June 15, 2000. Two settlement episodes were detected, which were consistent with the variation in abundance and size of juvenile crabs. Variations in subtidal sea level and sea surface temperature anomaly were correlated with the strength of along-shore wind stress and consistent with upwelling theory. Contingency analyses showed positive significant associations between increasing intensity of southerly winds and megalopal supply, for time lags of 0–6 d, indicating that shoreward transport occurred during relaxation or reversal of upwelling favourable winds. Associations between megalopal supply and tidal range or the duration of nocturnal flood were not detected. Compared to other studies of the supply of crab megalopae to coastal habitats that used a similar methodology, very low numbers of megalopae were collected during this study. The paucity of C. maenas megalopae in the Ria de Aveiro is in agreement with the low densities of this larval stage in the plankton, and indicates that maintenance of the population is achieved despite a low supply of megalopae.  相似文献   

血卵涡鞭虫在养殖锯缘青蟹中的寄生   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许文军  绳秀珍  徐汉祥  施慧  李鹏飞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(6):916-920

利用光镜和电镜对2005年9月浙江三门湾地区某养殖场发生的养殖锯缘青蟹规模性死亡病蟹进行观察，并对病原进行分子生物学鉴定。组织病理学研究发现，病蟹蟹体消瘦，肌肉白浊，头胸甲内可见大量乳白色液体，血淋巴细胞的量急剧减少，代之以大量寄生原虫，该原虫在病蟹的肝胰腺、鳃、心脏、肌肉等部位大量寄生，引起这些组织发生以坏死为主的变质性病变。电镜下，乳白色液体及病变组织内可见大量寄生虫体，其形态特征、内部结构及宿主表现的症状，与血卵涡鞭虫相类似。采用Small等^[5]的血卵涡鞭虫ITS特异引物，扩增出分子量为300bp左右的条带，并对其进行了测序及序列相似性比较，确定该寄生原虫为一种血卵涡鞭虫Hemntodinium sp。血卵涡鞭虫是海水甲壳类的重要病原寄生虫，我国尚未有该寄生虫病的研究报道，文中首次发现其在养殖锯缘青蟹中的寄生，为靳一步研究该寄生虫病积累了资料。  相似文献   

The Boreholes of the Sea Urchin Genus Echinometra (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Echinometridae) as a Microhabitat in Tropical South America*     

Sabine Schoppe  Bernd Werding 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):181-186

Abstract. Members of the genus Echinometru (Echinoideu: Echinometridue) inhabit hard substrata in shallow waters where they live in self-excavated dwellings. Boring by Echinometru spp. causes a secondary structure of the surface, thus forming additional microhabitats. In this study the effects of boring activities of Echinometru lucunter (L.) along the Caribbean coast of Colombia and of Echinometra vunbrunri A. Agassu in the Colombian Pacific is examined. Several species inhabit the boreholes occupied by these urchins. The associates live underneath the echinoid on the bottom of the borehole, where they find shelter from exposure and predators. The co-inhabitants of E. lucunter include the porcellanid Clusroroechus vunderhorsri (Schmitt ), the recently described brit-tlestar Ophiorhrix synoecim (Schoppe ), and the clingfish Acyrrus rubiginosus (Poey ). The species co-occumng with E. vunbrunti include the porcellanid crab Clusroroechus gorgonensis Werding amp; Haig and the clingfish Arcos decoris Briggs . With the exception of A. decoris, all of these species are obligatorily associated with the Echinomerra host.  相似文献   

盐碱地中华绒螯蟹育苗水质调配技术的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

肖国强  潘鲁青  栾治华  王桓台  王国峰 《海洋科学》2003,27(12):1-4

研究了地下卤水中Na^ ／K^ 对中华绒螫蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼体生长发育的影响以及幼体对人工海水盐度的适应性。结果表明：随着地下卤水中Na^ ／K^ 的降低，中华绒螫蟹幼体存活率、变态率和体质量增长率逐渐升高，当地下卤水中的Na^ ／K^ 低于18、6时，中华绒螯蟹幼体的存活率、变态率和体质量增长率与海水对照相比差异不显著；人工海水盐度梯度设置为18～26，Z1→Z2、Z3→Z4、Z5→M各阶段不同处理组幼体存活率和体质量增长率差异显著，而变态率差异基本不显著，各阶段的最适盐度分别为20，22和20。  相似文献   

锯缘青蟹不同器官组织中ROS与ASAFR含里的研究     

孔祥会  王桂忠  艾春香  李少蔷 《海洋科学》2004,28(4):1-4

采用生化测定的方法,对锯缘青蟹(Scyllaserrata)鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉等不同器官组织中活性氧(ROS)与抗超氧阴离子自由基(ASAFR)含量进行了测定。　结果表明,　不同器官组织中活性氧与抗超氧阴离子自由基含量各异。　各器官组织中活性氧含量由高到低依次为:肝胰腺>肌肉>鳃,　分别为195.04U/mg±33.46U/mg, 64.03 U/mg±12.77 U/mg和44.84U/mg±10.44U/mg。而抗超氧阴离子自由基含量则是鳃>肝胰腺>肌肉,大小分别为439.62 U/g±64.73U/g,297.89 U/g±39.75 U/g和84.24 U/g±18.03 U/g。统计分析显示,锯缘青蟹各器官组织间的活性氧与抗超氧阴离子自由基含量均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。这是由于不同器官组织所执行的生理功能不同造成的。  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)一龄幼蟹外部形态性状对体重的影响效果分析   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12