Analysis of the influence of free ammonia on the accumulation of nitrite in the nitrite nitrification system     

Chen Wei 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(4):440-444

Low- and high-concentration nitric wastewater can induce stable nitrite accumulation and realize the nitrification system, with the nitrite accumulation rate between 50% and 90%. In the low-concentration nitrite nitrification system, the average FA concentrations during the period of stable nitrite accumulation remained at 7 to 10 mg/L. In the high-concentration nitrite nitrification system, the nitrogen oxidation activity will not be affected by biomass, the nitrite oxidation activity is related to the system biomass, it is recommended to be measured by FA/MLSS. Keeping the FA sludge load below 0.1 is the precondition of making good nitrite accumulation and nitrogen degradation rate. Nitrite oxidation bacteria cannot be totally eliminated or washed out from the system.  相似文献   

The distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of Mt. Beigu wetland     

Yanyou Wu  Pingping Li  Jianchao Hao  Chundu Wu  Weiguo Fu 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):55-60

The Mt. Beigu wetland, which has undergone periodical changes in water level, lies by the Yangtze River, and its dominant plants are Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium. In order to study the distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of the Mt. Beigu wetland, the authors measured the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium, and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soils with different plant species. In addition the authors investigated the influence of various plants on the spatial and seasonal (spring/autumn) distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil. The contents of nitrogen and phosphoms in Phalaris arundinacea are significantly higher than those of the other two plant species in the same part. Secondary pollution of phosphorus in the wetland results mainly from Phalaris arundinacea. Phragmites com-munis effectively carries away nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil in the wet season. The capacity of Poly-gonum lapathifolium to remove nitrogen is lowest among the 3 species of plants. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the selection of plant species to restore the ecological environment and for the selection of time and depth for purging silt on the riverside wetland.  相似文献   

Variations of Microbial Communities and the Contents and Isotopic Compositions of Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Soil Samples during Their Preservation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TAO Qianye  LI Yumei  WANG Guo’an  QIAO Yuhui  LIU Tung-Sheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1):114-120

Semi-sealed preservation of soil samples at different moisture of 4% and 23%, respectively, was simulated to observe the variations of soil microbial communities and determine the contents and isotopic compositions of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen on the 7th and 30th day, respectively. The results show that during preservation, the quantity of microbial communities tended to increase first and then decrease, with a wider variation range at higher moisture (23%). At the moisture content of 23%, the microbial communities became more active on the 7th day, but less after 30 days, and their activity was stable with little fluctuation at the moisture content of 4%. However, there were no significant changes in the contents and isotopic compositions of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen. During preservation, the responses of soil microbes to the environment are more sensitive to changes in the total nitrogen and organic carbon contents. It is thus suggested that the variations of microbial communities have not exerted remarkable impacts on the isotope compositions of the total nitrogen and total organic carbon.  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉哈日钦冰芯表层和深层可培养细菌特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王凤  王宁练  徐柏青  沈亮  顾政权  刘晓波 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):968-976

对唐古拉哈日钦冰芯表层0.04~3.04 m及深层127.44~130.36 m中可培养细菌进行了对比研究。发现表层和深层可培养细菌数没有表现出显著差异性,表层冰芯中可培养细菌数为0~9.8×10³ CFU·mL^-1,略高于深层冰芯的0~8.4×10³ CFU·mL^-1。表层冰芯中微生物总数为10³~10⁶ cells·mL^-1,深层冰芯中微生物总数为10²~10³ cells·mL^-1。冰芯中可培养细菌属于Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）、Proteobacteria（变形菌门）、Actinobacteria（放线菌门）、Bacteroidetes（拟杆菌门）和Deinococcus-Thermus（异常球菌门） 5大类。但表层和深层可培养细菌属于不同的优势门,表层为Proteobacteria（38%）,深层为Firmicutes（42%）。表层和深层优势属均为Bacillus（芽孢杆菌属）,占比分别为18%和29%。已有研究表明哈日钦冰芯98.8 m达到了公元1000年的历史记录,因此对比千年尺度上可培养细菌数量及多样性的差异,能够为进一步发掘新基因,丰富微生物多样性,为了解可培养细菌的进化历史奠定基础。  相似文献   

低温氮、磁化综合处理钻头使用性能提高的X射线 和电子显微技术分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

汤凤林  Чихоткин В.Ф.  段隆臣  潘秉锁  谭松成 《探矿工程》2019,46(4):80-87

在地质钻探和石油钻井中,钻头都是非常重要的钻进工具。其技术特性,特别是硬度和耐磨性与钻探的技术经济指标,即与机械钻速、钻头进尺和每米钻探成本直接相关。为了提高钻头的工作性能,俄罗斯南方国立技术大学提出了综合低温淬火、磁化回火处理钻头的方法。经过综合处理后,钻头体、复合片底座和钎焊层的硬度分别提高了30%、3%和22%。野外钻进试验结果表明,经过低温液态氮和磁化综合处理的与未经综合处理的钻头相比,每次试验钻头进尺都有提高,总体上钻头进尺提高了222%,取得了很好的钻进效果。并对取得的效果进行了X射线和显微技术分析。  相似文献   

绿沸石基复合材料对河道水中氨氮去除效果研究     

黄添浩  王趁义  王国贺  王凤玲  方雨博  汤唯唯 《矿物学报》2019,39(5):585-593

以绿沸石、硅藻土、膨润土、牡蛎壳为主要原材料,包衣机制粒后马弗炉焙烧制成绿沸石-硅藻土(GZD)、绿沸石-膨润土(GZB)、绿沸石-牡蛎壳(GZO)等3款球状氨氮吸附材料。探究造孔剂-粘结剂配比、物料配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对污水中氨氮的吸附量和材料散失率的影响,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、氨氮去除率、材料散失率试验探讨其吸附机理。并设计了简易装置,用实际河道水样对比分析了3款复合材料与块状绿沸石原矿对氨氮的吸附效果和重复利用次数,对处理效果最佳的GZD中的主要材料绿沸石和硅藻土进行了SEM和XRF表征。结果表明:GZD的氨氮吸附效果最佳,制备条件为造孔剂、粘结剂、绿沸石、硅藻土的质量比为1.2﹕5﹕9﹕1;在500℃下焙烧3 h;GZD对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学,用Freundlich等温线比Langmuir等温线更适合描述其吸附过程;GZD对实际河道水样进行5次吸附再生后仍具有明显效果。  相似文献   

钾、钠离子对垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液中鸟粪石结晶的影响     

陶琼  陈天虎  刘海波  朱守成 《岩石矿物学杂志》2019,38(3):417-423

垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液等高氨氮废水中钾钠离子浓度较高,而钾钠离子对鸟粪石结晶法回收氨的影响规律尚未了解。本文通过向人工配制不同钾钠浓度的模拟和实际RO浓缩液中投加镁盐、磷酸盐促使鸟粪石结晶,测定结晶前后溶液中氨氮、磷酸盐、钾钠离子浓度,并利用XRD、SEM分析结晶产物的结构和形貌,探讨钾钠离子对鸟粪石结晶及氨回收率的影响。结果表明,随着K~+浓度增加,氨氮回收率由96. 5%降至83. 0%,结晶产物中K~+质量分数由2. 4%升至6. 4%;鸟粪石特征衍射峰向高角度偏移,说明K~+进入鸟粪石晶格位置形成含钾鸟粪石;由于K~+与NH4+存在竞争,在相同镁、氨氮、磷配比条件下会降低氨的回收率,但K~+对鸟粪石粒径和形貌基本无影响。Na+对氨氮回收率影响不显著,但会影响鸟粪石晶体形貌。用实际垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液实验表明,在鸟粪石结晶回收氨氮的水处理中考虑到K~+的竞争,提高镁盐、氨氮与磷酸盐的投加比例为1. 8∶1∶1. 5即可保证氨氮的回收率,同时还可部分回收其中的K~+成为缓释肥营养组分。  相似文献   

带有预紧功能的新型钻杆夹持器的研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨红东  明文威  张书磊  赵宪富 《探矿工程》2017,44(7):52-55

〗在分析现有机械式钻杆夹持器的问题基础上,针对解决机械钻杆夹持器的工作可靠性、操作性问题,选用铰链式的增力夹持结构,设计了一种带有预紧夹持功能的夹持器,增加了卡瓦的初始夹持力,改善了夹持器的工作性能。  相似文献   

一株许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)肠道乳酸菌的分离鉴定及特性分析     

王腾腾  韦秀梅  常城  韩慧宗  姜海滨 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):94-100

为筛选具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌用于微生态制剂开发,本研究自野生许氏平鲉肠道内共分离出35株细菌,从中筛选出1株乳酸菌YH1,其革兰氏染色呈阳性,且可发酵脱脂乳产生凝固、无气泡、呈酸性现象,基于形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列鉴定乳酸菌YH1为食窦魏斯氏菌。分析了酸碱度、温度和NaCl含量对食窦魏斯氏菌YH1生长的影响;选取金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌等多种病原指示菌,以琼脂扩散法测定YH1培养12h产物的抑菌活性;并采用肌肉注射和腹腔注射两种方式对YH1的动物安全性进行检测。实验结果显示,食窦魏斯氏菌YH1适宜的生长条件为pH5.7—8.8、温度20—40oC,最适生长条件为pH7.2—8.4,温度35oC,在MRS培养基中添加NaCl会抑制YH1的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1的无菌培养产物可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗弧菌、假交替单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌等病原指示菌的生长;食窦魏斯氏菌YH1在10~8CFU/m L及以下浓度对许氏平鲉是相对安全的。以上研究表明了食窦魏斯氏菌YH1具有广谱抑菌性和动物安全性,为其应用于水产养殖业奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

活石（live rock）在珊瑚养殖体系中对NH₄⁺、NO₃^-的去除作用     

李琰  郑新庆  杨小舟  欧丹云  林荣澄  刘昕明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(12):87-94

Maintaining stable water quality is one of the key processes for recirculating coral aquaculture. Traditional aquarium systems which mainly utilized a nitrification of nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of massive artificial filter material are difficult to maintain the oligotrophic conditions necessary for coral aquaculture. This study investigated the removal effects of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(ammonia and nitrate) by live rock(LR), a key component in the "Berlin system" coral aquarium. The expression levels of bacterial functional genes, AOA3,amo A and nos Z, were measured on the exterior and interior of LR. The nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial abundance on LR was quantified and the nitrogen nutrient regulatory effects of LR were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LR mainly removed ammonium(NH_4~+) from the water with a mean efficiency of 0.141 mg/(kg·h), while the removal of nitrate(NO_3~–) was not significant. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) were the most common bacteria on LR, which accounted for 0.5%–1.4% of the total bacterial population, followed by denitrifying bacteria, which accounted for 0.2% of the total population, and the ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) were the least common type(0.01%). The low abundance of denitrifying bacteria may be responsible for the poor nitrate(NO_3~–) removal of LR. Thus, other biological filtration methods are needed in coral aquaria to control nitrates generated from nitrification or biological metabolism.  相似文献