LUCC and Accompanied Soil Degradation in China from 1960''s to 1990''s     

JIANG Qigang  Shintaro GOTO  Hiroki TAKAMURA 《世界地质(英文版)》2002,5(1)

This paper tries to qualitatively analyze land use and cover changes (LUCC) and accompanied soil degradation in China, the data of World Atlas of Agriculture in 1969, Land Cover Data of Asia in 1992 and Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation in 1992, etc. have been used. From 1960' s to 1990's, the area of forestland had increased, arable land and paddy as well as grassland had significantly decreased in China. The major type of soil degradation is due to water erosion, which is widely distributed especially in Loess Plateau and in Southeast and Southwest China, this happened in forestland, grassland and arable land and mainly resulted from deforestation. The secondary type is wind erosion, which is mainly distributed in Northwest China, it happened in arable land and grassland and was caused by overgrazing. Chemical deterioration is distributed in North and Northwest China, which happened in paddy, arable land and grassland. Physical deterioration only concentrated in local area in North China, it happened in arable and paddy. Chemical and physical deteriora-tion mainly resulted from unreasonable activity. Because of different human activities, different LUCC and different natural conditions, the types and strength of soil degradation can be different.  相似文献   

高分遥感驱动的精准土地利用与土地覆盖变化信息智能计算模型与方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

骆剑承  胡晓东  吴田军  刘巍  夏列钢  杨海平  孙营伟  徐楠  张新  沈占锋  周楠 《遥感学报》2021,25(7):1351-1373

通过对地观测可在影像空间上全面反映地表地理现象、格局及演化过程,基于遥感数据提取的土地利用与覆盖变化（LUCC）产品为分析地理要素空间分布规律及其变化机制提供全覆盖、定量化和快速更新的本底信息。本文以高分辨率遥感视觉特征（图）与多源多模态观测机理特征（谱）相互耦合的图谱认知理论研究为基础,提出了精细地理图斑空间结构（精）上融合定量指标反演模型（准）的精准LUCC简称P-LUCC（Precision LUCC）的概念,并依据“五土合一”的地理学思想构建了分层感知、时空协同与多粒度决策于一体的P-LUCC遥感信息智能提取与综合地理应用方法,提出并解析了其中视觉感知的深度学习、外部知识逐步融入的迁移学习以及增量式的自组织强化学习等3类机器学习模型的协同计算机制。基于此,进一步设计了“分区控制—分层提取—分级迁移—功能重组”为途径的高分辨率遥感P-LUCC信息产品生产线系统,并以苏州市高新区为应用区域针对土地利用（LU）图斑的形态、类型以及土地覆盖变化（LCC）的指标等内容开展了P-LUCC产品精度、生产效率的综合分析,展望了基于P-LUCC信息产品开展专题应用研究的新思路。  相似文献   

LUCC and Accompanied Soil Degradation in China from 1960''''s to 1990''''s     

JIANG Qigang 《东北亚地学研究》2002,(2)

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基于3S技术的金沙江干热河谷区LUCC研究——以云南省元谋县为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何锦峰  苏春江  舒兰  杨忠 《山地学报》2009,27(3)

以云南省元谋县为例,集成3S技术,对多期Landsat-TM数据进行土地利用/土地覆被信息提取及建立数据库,采用单一土地利用/土地覆被动态度和综合土地利用/土地覆被动态度指标,分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被结构变化规律,提出基于生态环境建设的金沙江干热河谷区土地利用优化对策。并结合DEM数据分析分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被垂直分异及其变化规律,结果表明：1.草地和林地是土地利用/土地覆被的主体,但林地以疏林地为主,草地以低、中覆盖度草地为主,具有相当大的敏感性和脆弱性;2.土地利用较为粗放,如水浇地占耕地、人工草地占草地及城乡建设用地占总用地面积的比例等相对较低;3.土地利用/土地覆被结构发生了较快的变化,耕地、草地、水域、未利用土地面积有所减少,而林地、城乡建设用地面积增长较快;4.低山区和中低山区为以林草地为主、耕地亦有一定比例的类农林牧交错带,是干热河谷区生态环境最脆弱的地带。  相似文献   

干旱区典型绿洲土地利用／覆被变化及其对土壤盐渍化的效应研究-以新疆沙雅县为例     

孙倩  塔西甫拉提·特依拜  丁建丽  张飞  买买提·沙吾提  韩桂红 《地理科学进展》2012,31(9):1212-1223

本研究选用了1989年、1998年以及2009年Landsat TM／ETM＋影像,利用3S技术,深入剖析了盐渍地的分布与变化状况,结合研究区20年水盐动态变化,分析了盐渍土土壤的含水量、含盐量、pH值、TDS以及7大化学成分的分布现状,并基于土地利用／覆被变化的研究,研究了土地利用／覆被变化与土壤盐渍化效应的影响。分析结果表明：①20年间,研究区土地利用／覆被类型有很大的变化,综合土地利用动态度仅为0．476％,中轻度盐渍地和重度盐渍地恶化速率呈现先增加后减少的趋势,盐渍化进程有所遏制,但依然无法扭转逐步恶化的趋势。②研究区土壤呈碱性,土壤盐渍化的危害主要是NaCl,其次是MgCl2以及Na2SO4;各采样点不同深度的含水量大小存在明显差异,但变化趋势基本相似,其中表层土壤的含水量与其他深度土层含水量的区别显著;不同深度的土层,盐渍土的类型也有着较大的差异性。③20年间,耕地转化为中轻度盐渍地和重度盐渍地的面积分别占原耕地面积的3．484％和0．418％,水体、沙漠、其他与中轻度盐渍地、重度盐渍地的相互转化均非常微弱,中轻度盐渍地与重度盐渍地之间的相互转化频繁。  相似文献   

Forest Clearing Among Farm Households in the Maya Biosphere Reserve*     

David L. Carr 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(2):157-168

Central America's tropical forests have been felled more rapidly than those of any other world region during the latter half of the twentieth century. During this time, nearly half of Guatemala's forests were eliminated. Most of this deforestation has been concentrated in the northern department of Petén. The remaining forests in Petén are now mainly concentrated in the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), the heart of the largest lowland tropical forest in Central America. The pace, magnitude, and geography of this trend is of critical importance to forest conservation and rural development efforts. This article examines socioeconomic, political, demographic, and ecological factors behind settler land use and forest clearing among 241 farm households in the Sierra de Lacandón National Park (SLNP), a core conservation zone of the MBR. Some of the factors positively related to forest clearing were household size, Q'eqchí Maya ethnicity, land owned in the previous residence, farm size, land title, and the cropping of velvet bean as a soil amendment. Education, off‐farm employment, and farm distance to a road were negatively related to farm‐level deforestation.  相似文献   

土地利用变化的时空分析及其在云南丽江的应用   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

李喆  秦其明  刘大平  汪冬冬 《云南地理环境研究》2004,16(3):10-13

土地利用／土地覆被变化(LUCC)是全球环境变化研究的重要组成部分之一。土地利用变化包括时间变化、空间变化和质量变化等3个方面，其中时空变化反映土地利用类型变化的空间分布以及区域差异，是土地管理和规划关注的焦点问题。为了解决这一问题，探讨4种主要的时空分析指标：土地利用变化幅度，变化速度，变化区域差异和类型相互转化的马尔可夫转移矩阵模型，并应用这些指标对云南丽江进行研究，揭示了该区域土地利用数量变化和空间变化等特征，结果较为符合当地实际状况。  相似文献   

元代前期省域耕地面积重建   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

李美娇  何凡能  杨帆  李士成 《地理学报》2018,73(5):832-842

基于历史文献资料重建区域历史时期土地利用/覆被变化,对深入研究区域生态环境效应、充实全球历史土地利用数据集等均具有重要意义。本文通过对元代（1271-1368年）屯田与屯户、垦田与户口等册载数据及相关史料的梳理与分析,提出了户均屯田数与户均垦田数的转换关系,构建了元代省域耕地面积估算方法,重建了至元二十七年（1290年）研究区省域耕地面积。结果表明：① 元代户均屯田数和户均垦田数均具有明显北高南低的特征,这种区域差异性是南北方地区自然条件和种植制度等差异的客观反映,而地域一致性则是户均屯田数配拨以该地户均垦田数为参照的具体表征。② 在省域尺度上,户均屯田数与户均垦田数存有一定偏差,其南北方地区的修订系数分别为1.23和0.65。③ 元代至元二十七年研究区耕地总量为535.4×10⁶今亩,垦殖率为6.8%,人均耕地面积为6.7今亩;其中,境内北方地区耕地面积约占57.8%,垦殖率为6.6%,人均耕地面积为15.6今亩;南方地区约占42.2%,垦殖率为7.1%,人均耕地面积为4.1今亩。④ 黄河中下游的腹里地区、淮河流域的河南行省、长江中下游地区的江浙、江西及湖广行省和西南地区的云南行省是元代至元年间耕地的主要分布区。  相似文献   

基于GIS的干旱区LUCC分析和模拟方法探讨   总被引：20，自引：16，他引：20  

阎金凤  陈曦 《干旱区地理》2003,26(2):185-191

土地利用／土地覆被变化(LUCC)问题中的过程、趋势、驱动力研究及生态环境综合评价是目前的重点研究领域。在现有的“3S”技术应用于LUCC研究的基础上，对三工河流域近20年的土地利用／土地覆被变化情况进行动态分析，发现耕地大面积增加，增长幅度达到13％，城市、村庄及工矿建设得到飞速发展，城市面积扩大了近十倍；荒草地、盐碱地总体趋势是大面积减少，直接性或间接性的向耕地、灌木林地、城市、村庄发生了转移。同时探讨了利用地理元胞自动机模型(GeoCA)分析的方法对干旱区LUCC进行时空演变研究，目的在于找寻一种对LUCC进行预测分析及模拟的方法。此方法有利于更好地进行生态环境综合评价和土地利用合理规划。  相似文献   

RNDSI: A ratio normalized difference soil index for remote sensing of urban/suburban environments     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Understanding land use land cover change (LULCC) is a prerequisite for urban planning and environment management. For LULCC studies in urban/suburban environments, the abundance and spatial distributions of bare soil are essential due to its biophysically different properties when compared to anthropologic materials. Soil, however, is very difficult to be identified using remote sensing technologies majorly due to its complex physical and chemical compositions, as well as the lack of a direct relationship between soil abundance and its spectral signatures. This paper presents an empirical approach to enhance soil information through developing the ratio normalized difference soil index (RNDSI). The first step involves the generation of random samples of three major land cover types, namely soil, impervious surface areas (ISAs), and vegetation. With spectral signatures of these samples, a normalized difference soil index (NDSI) was proposed using the combination of bands 7 and 2 of Landsat Thematic Mapper Image. Finally, a ratio index was developed to further highlight soil covers through dividing the NDSI by the first component of tasseled cap transformation (TC1). Qualitative (e.g., frequency histogram and box charts) and quantitative analyses (e.g., spectral discrimination index and classification accuracy) were adopted to examine the performance of the developed RNDSI. Analyses of results and comparative analyses with two other relevant indices, biophysical composition index (BCI) and enhanced built-up and bareness Index (EBBI), indicate that RNDSI is promising in separating soil from ISAs and vegetation, and can serve as an input to LULCC models.  相似文献