Nonlinear and multifractal approaches of the geomagnetic field   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. Hongre  P. Sailhac  M. Alexandrescu  J. Dubois 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1999,110(3-4):157-190

Recent nonlinear dynamics techniques have been developed to analyse chaotic time series data. We first summarize the procedure which gives an appropriate reconstruction of the unknown dynamics from scalar measurements in a pseudophase space. It permits, firstly, the representation of the trajectories of the dynamical system—they define an attractor when the system is dissipative—by preserving its topological properties. We then present the invariant measures and ergodic quantities such as the multifractal spectrum and Lyapunov exponents which can be estimated on the reconstructed attractor. The multifractal analysis provides us with a characterization of the scaling energy of the process whereas the Lyapunov exponent gives another statistical measure of the stability of the dynamics. The estimation of these quantities was tested on synthetic data. The nonlinear and multifractal analyses were finally applied to the hourly mean values of the magnetic field recorded at the Eskdalemuir (ESK) observatory over 79 years (692,520 data measurements for each component). The estimations of a 5-dimensional pseudo-phase space and a positive Lyapunov exponent confirm the possibility of low-dimensional deterministic chaos in the magnetic field observations at ESK observatory. The correlation between the solar activity (the Wolf number), the unstable nature of the magnetic field, and the singularity spectrum points out the forcing of the solar cycles on the dynamics of the magnetic field at ESK observatory.  相似文献   

非线性科学在地球科学中的应用     

胡云锋  戴塔根 《湖南地质》1999,18(4):275-278

本文介绍了耗散结构理论、分形理论和混沌理论等非线性科学在地球科学中的研究进展,分析了非线性科学在地球科学中的地位和作用,探讨了将非线性科学引入地球科学的途径和方法。  相似文献   

Computation of solitary waves during propagation and runup on a slope   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sangita Maiti  Debabrata Sen 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(11):945

A numerical time-simulation algorithm for analysing highly nonlinear solitary waves interacting with plane gentle and steep slopes is described by employing a mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The full nonlinear free surface conditions are considered here in a Lagrangian frame of reference without any analytical approximations, and thus the method is valid for very steep waves including overturning. It is found that the runup height is crucially dependent on the wave steepness and the slope of the plane. Pressures and forces exerted on impermeable walls of different inclinations (slopes) by progressive shallow water solitary waves are studied. Strong nonlinear features in the form of pronounced double peaks are visible in the time history of pressure and force signals with increasing heights of the oncoming solitary waves. The effect of nonlinearity is less pronounced as the inclination of the wall decreases with respect to the bottom surface.  相似文献   

Solution of the nonlinear roll model by a generalized asymptotic method     

M. Taylan 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(11):255

Mathematical modeling of the nonlinear roll motion of ships is one subject widely dealt with in nonlinear ship dynamics. This paper investigates setting up a form of nonlinear roll motion model and developing its periodic solution by the generalized Krylov–Bogoliubov asymptotic method in the time domain. In this model, nonlinearities are introduced through damping and restoring terms. The restoring term is approximated as a third-order odd polynomial whereas the quadratic term is favored to represent the nonlinear damping. The ship is assumed to be under the influence of a sinusoidal exciting force. Although the method is expressible to contain any order of the perturbing term, a single degree is chosen to avoid cumbersome mathematical complexity. In order to improve the solution a first-order correction term is also included. Moreover, a numerical example is carried out for a small vessel in order to validate the solution scheme.  相似文献   

驱动非线性浅水波的行波特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

侯一筠  尹宝树  谢强  杨联贵  郑全安 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(4):397-402

采用带有外界强迫效应的浅水动力学模式研究非线性波动、获得了依赖于外界输入形式的驱动水波的行波解。研究结果表明,驱动水波仍具有非线性波动的一般性质,而当外界强迫波速与水波固有速度一致时,水波出现共振效应,并且外界强迫孤立子将导致驱动水波孤立子产生。  相似文献   

On the reoccurrence of site specific response     

M. D. Trifunac  T. Y. Hao  M. I. Todorovska 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(8):485-592

The period and amplitude variations of local peaks in the Fourier amplitude spectra of free-field strong ground motion recorded at five stations in San Fernando Valley of metropolitan Los Angeles, California, are described, searching for peaks that reoccur during different earthquakes. The data suggest that some local peaks reoccur (about 50% of the time), during shaking by small local earthquakes (peak ground velocities, v_max<10–20 cm/s). During large strong motion amplitudes (v_max>20 cm/s), these peaks are shifted towards longer periods (by nonlinear response of soils) or disappear. The data also suggest that densification and settlement of soil, minutes and hours following the strong shaking may contribute towards fluctuations in the effective stiffness of the shallow surface layers.  相似文献   

El Nino年和La Nina年的非线性临界层与副高的形成、维持和振荡     

陶丽  陆维松 《热带气象学报》1999,15(1):1-9

采用欧洲中心１９８２年１２月、１９８３年４月、１９８４年１０月和１９８５年４月的月平均纬向风场实际观测资料,作为非线性临界层模式的基本气流进行数值积分,得到：用１９８２年１２月和１９８３年４月的基流模拟出的副高强、范围大、数目少,维持２￣３个单体,且向西移,东西振荡周期１－２个月。用１９８４年１０月和１９８５年４月的基流模拟出的副高弱、范围小,成带状分布,数目多达４个单体,副高合并、分裂得较快,亦  相似文献   

A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON NON-LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDIMENT YIELD AND DRAINAGE NETWORK DEVELOPMENT     

Desheng JIN  Hao CHEN  Qingwu GUO 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)

1INTRODUCTIONThedrainagenetWorkisoneofimportantcomponentsinafluvialsyStem.Atypicalfluvialsystemiscomposedofthreezones,asSchumm(1977)pointedout,therunoffandsedimentyield,transportationandsettlingzones.Asearlyasinthemiddleofthiscent'Ury,Horton(1945)madeasignificantquantitativeexplanationtohydro-geomorphologyinadrainagenetworksystem,andderivednetworkstatisticslaws.Inthe1970'sSmart(1973)hadtopologicallystudiednetWorkstrUcture.Fromthe1980'sandonst'Udiesoffractalandfractionaldimensioninadra…  相似文献   

长时效的正压原始方程能量完全守恒(拟)谱模式   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

钟青 《气象学报》1994,52(4):385-396

遵循误差反演补偿新计算原理,对正压原始方程传统气象全球拟谱模式方案进行了改造,构造了正压原始方程能量完全守恒全球拟增模式新计算方案,解决了正压原始方程的（非线性）计算稳定性问题和能量守恒整体性质保持问题,改进了相应正压原始方程传统气象全球拟谱模式方案的计算效能。新方案的数值试验表明：在计算实践上,新方案在解决能量守恒问题的同时,可解决（非线性）计算稳定性问题,并在一定条件下可解决非线性计算收敛性问题。进一步的比较数值试验还表明：在计算实践上,新方案具有在提高相应传统气象方案的计算精度,减少其计算量的同时,延长其计算时效,解决其中一类特定“气候漂移”问题方面的效用。本工作原理也适用于斜压原始方程情形。  相似文献   

港湾中海啸流的模拟及其时空演变特征对输入条件不确定性的响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

王培涛  闪迪  侯京明  王岗  高义  任智源  范婷婷  王宗辰  王君成 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1325-1340

一直以来,海啸波特征作为表征海啸潜在破坏性的参数指标得到了广泛应用,特别是针对近场极端海啸事件造成的灾害来说,这种表征具有较好的适用性.然而总结分析历史海啸事件造成的损失发现：在远场近岸及港湾系统中,海啸诱导的强流却是造成损失的主要原因.陆架或港湾振荡导致海啸波幅快速升降诱发强流,可能促使港工设施受到威胁及损害,进而对海啸预警服务及海事应急管理提出了新的挑战.因此,全面理解与评估海啸在港湾中诱发的灾害特征,探索港湾中海啸流的数值模拟方法,发展针对港湾尺度的海啸预警服务指导产品尤为迫切.受限于海啸流验证数据的缺乏及准确模拟海啸流技术方法的诸多不确定性,大部分海啸数值模拟研究工作主要是针对水位特征的研究及验证,可能导致对港湾中海啸灾害危险性认识的曲解与低估.本研究基于非线性浅水方程,针对夏威夷群岛三个典型港湾建立了精细化海啸数值模型（空间分辨率达到10 m）,并联合有限断层破裂模型计算分析了日本东北地震海啸在三个港湾及其邻近区域的海啸特征,波、流计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,精细化的海啸港湾模型模拟结果可信.模拟发现港湾中较小的波幅,同样可以产生强流.综合分析日本东北地震海啸波、流特征对输入条件不确定性的响应结果发现：港湾中海啸波-流能量的空间分布特征差异较大,这与港湾系统中海啸波的驻波特性相关;相比海啸波幅空间特征,海啸流特征具有更强的空间敏感性;海啸流时空分布特征对输入条件的不确定性响应比海啸波幅对这些不确定性的响应更强,海啸流的模拟与预报更有挑战性;不确定性对海啸流计算精度的影响会进一步传导放大港湾海啸流危险性的评估及对港工设施产生的应力作用的误差,合理的输入条件对海啸流的精确模拟至关重要.最后,希望通过本文的研究可以从海啸波-流特征角度更加全面认识近岸海啸灾害特征,拓展海啸预警服务的广度与深度,从而为灾害应急管理部门提供更加科学合理的辅助决策产品.  相似文献